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                <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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          <name>Title</name>
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              <text>IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBALIZATION ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM GROWTH&#13;
AND DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA&#13;
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              <text>THOMAS. P.Z. MPOFU</text>
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              <text>Globalization is a phenomenon that has permeated and influenced the whole spectrum of human activities.&#13;
One such activity is the tourism industry. This is due primarily to tourism’s geographical scale; its spatial&#13;
linkages, as well as increased tourist flows to all corners of the world, including Sub-Saharan Africa. While&#13;
the benefits that have accrued to several countries of the world are well known, the impact of globalization&#13;
on tourism growth and development to Sub-Saharan Africa has not been thoroughly studied. The main&#13;
objective of this paper, therefore, is to assess the extent to which tourism globalization has benefited Sub-&#13;
Saharan African countries. The study is based on secondary data sources. The paper submits that some Sub-&#13;
Saharan African countries have, through globalization, increased their revenues and foreign currency&#13;
earnings; created additional employment; introduced new technology in transport, communications and e-&#13;
commerce; and improved their tourism facilities and services to meet international standards. On the social&#13;
and environmental fronts, globalization has broadened people’s knowledge; created respect for indigenous&#13;
cultures; contributed to the protection and conservation of historical monuments as well as the physical&#13;
environments. Some Sub-Saharan countries have attracted multinational corporations through vertical and&#13;
horizontal mergers, takeovers and integrations. However, the paper also notes that tourism globalization has&#13;
not been a panacea. It has also brought negative impacts such as price increases in land values and basic&#13;
commodities; financial leakages and repatriation of foreign currency. Also, an influx of international&#13;
tourists has led to a change in some African cultural values, resulting in local communities losing their&#13;
cohesion and commitment to family life, religion and traditional customs. On the basis of the above&#13;
findings, the paper recommends that Sub-Saharan African governments should closely monitor the negative&#13;
impacts of the globalization process while continuing to reap the many benefits that accrue from this&#13;
phenomenon.</text>
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      <name>globalization</name>
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      <name>multinational corporations</name>
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    <tag tagId="163">
      <name>spatial linkages</name>
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    <tag tagId="165">
      <name>vertical and horizontal mergers.</name>
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