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                <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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          <name>Title</name>
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              <text>AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN DERIVATIVES USAGE AND KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS IN BOTSWANA&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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          <name>Creator</name>
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              <text>WILBERT KUDAKWASHE CHIDAUSHE&#13;
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              <text> TAVONGA NJAYA</text>
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              <text>The study evaluated derivative usage of 21 firms listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) in relation to&#13;
five key financial indicators that included financial gearing, solvency, liquidity, profitability, and firm size. A&#13;
logit regression model was run on the data covering year 2019 to the year 2021. The logit model revealed at 99%&#13;
level of confidence that, a firm’s derivative usage is significantly and positively related to its financial gearing as&#13;
measured by non-current liabilities to total equity (D/E) ratio. The study also revealed that usage of derivatives&#13;
by firms listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) had no significant relationship with solvency ratio (as&#13;
measured by total liabilities to total assets ratio), firm size (as measured by total assets) and liquidity ratio (as&#13;
measured by cash and cash equivalents to total assets). However, the research observed a significant and&#13;
negative association between derivative usage and profitability ratio (as measured by Profit Before Interest and&#13;
Taxation (PBIT) to Average total assets ratio). It was further noted that listed firms in Botswana are only using&#13;
employee options, collateral based swaps, interest rate swaps, and foreign exchange swaps to hedge risks. Hence&#13;
the study recommends policy makers to institutionalize derivative markets that offer a variety of products that&#13;
include futures derivative contracts which are currently not in use in the market. The establishment of derivative&#13;
market in Botswana will reduce an over-reliance on financial borrowing from the banking sector and government&#13;
agencies by local investors, domestic firms, and multinational firms in Botswana. The use of derivatives also&#13;
reduces the weighted average cost of capital and hence increases firm’s market value</text>
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              <text>Research Journal of Finance and Accounting</text>
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          <name>Date</name>
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              <text>2023</text>
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      <name>Derivative usage</name>
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      <name>futures contracts</name>
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      <name>key financial indicators</name>
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      <name>logit regression model</name>
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