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              <text>VIABILITY OF SMALLHOLDER DAIRYING IN WEDZA, ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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          <name>Creator</name>
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              <text>PLAXEDIS IVY ZVINOROVA&#13;
 </text>
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              <text>TINYIKO EDWARD HALIMANI &#13;
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              <text>RENNETH T. MANO&#13;
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              <text> NOBBERT TAKARWIRWA NGONGONI</text>
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              <text>Viability differences in smallholder dairy farming&#13;
are a result of differences in access to markets and services.&#13;
It is hypothesized that innovations that improve productivity&#13;
and market linkages also improve returns and viability. The&#13;
viability of smallholder dairying in Wedza was characterised&#13;
by interviewing 52 households using semi-structured ques-&#13;
tionnaires. Information on demographics, production, mar-&#13;
keting, livestock numbers, assets and constraints was&#13;
obtained. Farmers were resource-constrained with differen-&#13;
ces in access to resources. The highly resourced farmers had&#13;
higher milk output and numbers of livestock. Almost 40 %&#13;
of the households were female-headed, and these dominated&#13;
the poor category. Household sizes ranged from 4 to 13&#13;
persons. Milk off-take was low (3.7±0.53 l/cow/day), due&#13;
to various constraints. Only rich farmers had viable enter-&#13;
prises in purely financial terms. Per litre cost of milk was&#13;
more than selling price (US$0.96) for most farmers except&#13;
the relatively rich. Operating ratios were 1.7, 0.6, 1.4 and&#13;
1.1 for the poor, rich, sub-centre and milk collection centre&#13;
farmers, respectively. This means incomes from the dairy&#13;
activities did not cover costs. Sensitivity analysis indicated&#13;
that increases in total variable costs and labour reduced&#13;
returns. Milk production and viability were influenced by&#13;
access to resources and markets.</text>
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          <name>Publisher</name>
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              <text>Trop Anim Health Prod</text>
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          <name>Date</name>
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              <text>2013</text>
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    <tag tagId="810">
      <name>Mixed crop–livestock production</name>
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    <tag tagId="808">
      <name>Resource-driven farming systems</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="809">
      <name>Sensitivity analysis</name>
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