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              <text>ROLE OF CIVIC SOCIETY&#13;
&#13;
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              <text> DR. A. S. CHIKASHA</text>
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              <text>In the broader field of public administration, the concepts of public accountability and control&#13;
comprise the element of civic society which, according to the literature available, has come to enjoy much&#13;
social, political, administrative, and intellectual prominence and currency in recent years. Civic society,&#13;
however, has a fairly long history. In a traditional sense, the terms state and civic society were used inter-&#13;
changeably and much treated synonymously. This trend continued till the eighteenth century. George W. F.&#13;
Hegel was the first political philosopher who separated and differentiated civic society from State. He was&#13;
followed by Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels in the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, Antonio&#13;
Gramsei critically analyzed the concept of civic society which is the topic of this article.</text>
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