https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/aea4866e41718f011b0a816cb341d641.pdf 7ab276240f5dbfee84cd678e18775f88 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POLITICAL PARTIES Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. S. B. M. MARUME DR. A. S. CHIKASHA PROF. D. NDUDZO Description An account of the resource olitical Science studies domestic politics of a state or states, and contains political dynamics as one of its sub-fields of study which in turn has as one of its sub-sub-fields – political parties, a special topic for examination of this article. As a factual statement, political parties occupy an important place and play a significant role in the governmental process of a state having democratic political institutions. However, in countries with government systems characterized by a combination of authorization, a term which signifies non- democratic government, and democratic parties; parties resembling those found in democracies are likely to develop, but their importance depends on the degree to which representatives of the people are permitted to participate in the determination of governmental policy. Under thoroughly authoritarian governments the right to organize parties is either denied or confined to the membership of the ruling oligarchy. Consequently, party systems of the type which operate in a democratic or partly democratic environment fail to materialize. As events of the twentieth and 20th centuries and 21st centuries have demonstrated, authoritarian governments may be controlled by the leaders of an organization, known as a party, which monopolizes the field of organized political activity. Examples are the Communist Party of the former Russia; the Communist Party of China; and the socialist Party of Cuba under Fidel is Castro. Cases of this kind are often attributable to a combination of authoritarianism and totalitarianism. And in this article consideration is first given to the nature of political parties, to different varieties of parties, and to the functions which parties normally perform. Thereafter the discussion covers such matters as the character of party organization, the several kinds of party systems, and the reasons why political parties are invaluable in a democracy Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 authoritarian government authoritarianism and totalitarianism democracy political dynamics political participation political parties