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                <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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          <name>Title</name>
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              <text>MODERNISATION AND THE DEMISE OF CULTURAL PRACTICES ON&#13;
THE MANAGEMENT OF MISHUKU TREES AND MASHUKU FRUITS&#13;
IN CHIZHOU IN CHIRUMANZU DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE&#13;
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            <elementText elementTextId="775">
              <text>REMIGIOS V. MANGIZVO</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="776">
              <text>MTHOKOZISI, M. NCUBE </text>
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              <text>Traditional practices and taboos have been used for a very long time in Chizhou located within&#13;
Chirumanzu District in Zimbabwe to manage mashuku fruits also known as mazhanje&#13;
(uapacakirklania) for the benefit of communities. The adaptation of modern values has, however,&#13;
resulted in the over-harvesting of fruits as well as destruction of fruit bearing trees. This study&#13;
endeavoured to establish why traditional values on the management of mishuku trees have been&#13;
abandoned in Chizhou. It also sought to find out the impacts on the environment of the neglect of&#13;
these controls. As such this qualitative study sought to gain an understanding of the underlying&#13;
reasons, opinions, and motivations of this abandonment. Purposive sampling techniques were&#13;
used to select study participants. The study targeted a sub-chief, three headmen and local&#13;
traditional leaders with traditional knowledge on the management of mishuku trees and their&#13;
fruits. The study also used villagers who were a homogenous group of people that behaved in an&#13;
almost similar way towards the utilisation of mishuku trees and the fruits. Face-to-face interviews&#13;
and observations were used to gather data from the participants. The study team observed the&#13;
behaviour of villagers to obtain first hand information as they harvested fruits for sale. The&#13;
study established that activities in Chizhou were unsustainable. Traditional leaders’ power to&#13;
manage the trees and fruits was usurped by politicians. Villagers cut mishuku trees for fuelwood&#13;
and construction. Due to commercialisation of the fruits villagers harvested even the raw fruits.&#13;
Traditionally people were supposed to pick ripe fruits instead of climbing trees to gather fruits.&#13;
Wild animals were denied the fruits as villagers picked everything. The study recommended&#13;
that traditional leaders should reclaim their authority over the trees and fruits. Chizhou area&#13;
should be developed so that villagers have other means of making money other than selling&#13;
mashuku</text>
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          <name>Publisher</name>
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              <text>International Open and Distance Learning Journal </text>
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