<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://ir.zou.ac.zw/items/browse?tags=Open+and+Distance+Learning&amp;sort_field=added&amp;sort_dir=a&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-06-18T01:21:25+02:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>25</perPage>
      <totalResults>14</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="17" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="17">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/cc8572fa272a248fd60a6d6581061c09.pdf</src>
        <authentication>e168cb31fe861093693fe287b4766aa6</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="66">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="76">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="226">
                <text>SERVICE DELIVERY IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL): QUALITY OF SERVICE OFFERED TO STUDENTS IN ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY REGIONAL CENTRES</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="227">
                <text>ZIKHALI JOYCE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="228">
                <text> MUKEREDZI TABITHA GRACE</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="229">
                <text>WEDA ZENZELE LUNGILE </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="230">
                <text>NYAMAYARO BETTY</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="231">
                <text>This descriptive survey was conducted to establish the quality of service offered by the ZOU staff at the regional centres. A total of 325 respondents drawn from the ten regional centres of the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU), responded to questionnaires, which had both closed and open-ended items. The study established that staff at the regional centres was generally providing appropriate quality service to the students even though they were working under difficult conditions most of the time. Front desk staff was seen as marketing ZOU very well through quality service, whilst the academic staff was considered humble, accommodating and diligent. However, poor service was noted in registration, assignment marking and communicating with students. The attitude of some ancillary and library staff was also identified as an area of improvement. This service audit was seen as a way of contributing towards the improvement of service in the ZOU and in other ODL institutions.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="232">
                <text>ZIMBABWE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPEN &amp; DISTANCE LEARNING</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="233">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="234">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="49">
        <name>Quality of Service</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47">
        <name>Service Delivery</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="62" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="61">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/3ec238beaee62e476c772d21c2951f8b.pdf</src>
        <authentication>7af1c116b6da238748aab3cd7b3cc7de</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="69">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="79">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="465">
                <text>ACCESS AND INCLUSION OF INMATES TO EDUCATION THROUGH OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING MODE&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="466">
                <text>MRS GILLIET CHIGUNWE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="191">
        <name>Access</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="193">
        <name>Education</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="192">
        <name>Inclusion</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="15">
        <name>Inmates</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="159" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="159">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/1e80017eda435c985b6b21a2ce169219.pdf</src>
        <authentication>21379d768c7992a5efcf9e5c6ada26cb</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="72">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="82">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1018">
                <text>ACCESS AND SUCCESS IN E-LEARNING IN THE ZIMBABWE&#13;
OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1019">
                <text>CHRISPEN CHIOME</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1020">
                <text>The study sought to determine distance education students’ experiences in access to and success in e-&#13;
learning endeavours. The study was qualitative as the questionnaire used as a data-gathering&#13;
instrument had both closed and open-ended sections that yielded qualitative data. The research&#13;
employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of 158 distance education students&#13;
from all faculties in the Zimbabwe Open University’s Masvingo Regional Campus was extracted using&#13;
the convenience sampling method. The study found out that while the majority of distance education&#13;
students use computer related gargets such as cell phones, television remote control the majority of&#13;
them did not have access to the computers and thus to e-learning access and success is affected.&#13;
Success factors such as collaborative learning and quality e-content were heavily deflowered, marred&#13;
and spoilt as the majority of them did not have e-mail addresses, had no skills in e-learning and hence&#13;
could not communicate with other students and tutors on the internet. The students nevertheless were&#13;
excited about e-learning facilities provided by the university. The study, among others, recommended&#13;
that wide access to e-learning facilities by distance education students, extensive skills upgrading&#13;
workshops targeting all students, e-learning support centre and e-learning course must be put in place&#13;
to enable Zimbabwe Open University students to benefit from e-learning</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1021">
                <text>Online Journal of African Affairs</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1022">
                <text>2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="191">
        <name>Access</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="477">
        <name>collaborative learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="82">
        <name>e-learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="476">
        <name>success</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="160" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="160">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/c47a0c4105e5207aa732005b544735a5.pdf</src>
        <authentication>8c47622403477737d2c09df0a2df6e9f</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="48">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="58">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1023">
                <text>HIV AND AIDS WORKPLACE POLICY FOR THE ZIMBABWE OPEN&#13;
UNIVERSITY-FRIEND OR FOE?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1024">
                <text>CHIKUKWA HERBERT T*&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1025">
                <text>CHIOME CHRISPEN**&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1026">
                <text>RAPHINOS ALEXANDER CHABAYA*</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1027">
                <text>This study sought to evaluate the friendliness of the HIV and AIDS workplace policy&#13;
for the Zimbabwe Open University. This was a case study of one regional centre. Thirty six&#13;
purposively selected fulltime lecturers and support staff participated in this research. Data&#13;
was collected through open-ended questionnaires and analysed thematically. The results&#13;
indicated that the policy is at best non-existent and at worst disconnected from real&#13;
workplace complexities. Consequently, HIV positive workers appear isolated because they&#13;
are not supported nor valued at the workplace. Most glaringly, HIV disproportionately&#13;
affects women workers more than their male counterparts. In some instances these are even&#13;
overloaded, shunned or stigmatised. Consequently, the workers in this study think HIV&#13;
positive workers are disenfranchised threatening the university social fabric. They then&#13;
advocated for an end to workplace discrimination and stigmatisation of HIV positive&#13;
workers whose status must be kept in confidence, workload minimised, substantial resources&#13;
invested in their well being and their immediate relatives catered for in medical Aid benefits.&#13;
More information could be availed to affected and infected workers so that they can live&#13;
positively. The study recommended concerted effort and substantial resource investment in&#13;
innovative policies that are worker friendly. Further studies need to be done on supporting&#13;
HIV positive workers at the workplace.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1028">
                <text>JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1029">
                <text>2014</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="481">
        <name>confidentiality</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="480">
        <name>discrimination</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="482">
        <name>foe</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="483">
        <name>fulltime lecturers and support staff</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="478">
        <name>HIV and AIDS workplace policy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="479">
        <name>stigma</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="169" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="169">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/d2fb9a06096ed82db70ea96466c1586b.pdf</src>
        <authentication>c1e3cb000639f955046ab2a3e7e0b644</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="60">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="70">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1080">
                <text>ACCESS AND SUCCESS IN E-LEARNING IN THE ZIMBABWE&#13;
OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1081">
                <text>CHRISPEN CHIOME&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1082">
                <text>The study sought to determine distance education students’ experiences in access to and success in e-&#13;
learning endeavours. The study was qualitative as the questionnaire used as a data-gathering&#13;
instrument had both closed and open-ended sections that yielded qualitative data. The research&#13;
employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of 158 distance education students&#13;
from all faculties in the Zimbabwe Open University’s Masvingo Regional Campus was extracted using&#13;
the convenience sampling method. The study found out that while the majority of distance education&#13;
students use computer related gargets such as cell phones, television remote control the majority of&#13;
them did not have access to the computers and thus to e-learning access and success is affected.&#13;
Success factors such as collaborative learning and quality e-content were heavily deflowered, marred&#13;
and spoilt as the majority of them did not have e-mail addresses, had no skills in e-learning and hence&#13;
could not communicate with other students and tutors on the internet. The students nevertheless were&#13;
excited about e-learning facilities provided by the university. The study, among others, recommended&#13;
that wide access to e-learning facilities by distance education students, extensive skills upgrading&#13;
workshops targeting all students, e-learning support centre and e-learning course must be put in place&#13;
to enable Zimbabwe Open University students to benefit from e-learning</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1083">
                <text>Online Journal of African Affairs</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1084">
                <text>2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="191">
        <name>Access</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="477">
        <name>collaborative learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="82">
        <name>e-learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="476">
        <name>success</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="178" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="178">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8949d00e903da749d6f552d1114cf6a4.pdf</src>
        <authentication>49c923c3c89240c9a96fa735ec9b017c</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="60">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="70">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1120">
                <text>STUDENT’S SELF-SUSTAINABILITY IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING&#13;
&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1121">
                <text>REGIS GUTUZA</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1122">
                <text>This study sought to establish the sources of student self-sustainability in Open and Distance&#13;
Learning. Literature review indicated that employees with higher academic qualifications were&#13;
highly remunerated and had higher prospects for promotion at their work place. (Thompson&#13;
1989 and Combs et al 1987). The descriptive survey method was used as it was considered&#13;
appropriate design where student’s perceptions were sought (Neuman 2000). Questionnaires&#13;
were used to collect data from a sample of eighty (80) students who were attending tutorials at&#13;
Mutare Teachers’ College on 10-11 March 2007. The data presentation, analysis and interpretation&#13;
were done in tabular form. The overwhelming majority of the students indicated that they&#13;
were sustained by such factors as enhancement of social status, self actualization, nurturing&#13;
of self-discipline, opportunity for on-the–job skills training and increasing life-long earning&#13;
capacity, flexibility of the programs, among others. Consequent upon the study, student self&#13;
–sustainability were career orientation, self-actualization, desire for life-long learning, delivery&#13;
mode and the modular system. Among other recommendations were need for establishment&#13;
of district centers, re-introduction of radio broadcasts and full package at registration</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1123">
                <text>Zimbabwe International Journal of Open &amp; Distance Learning Volume</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1124">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="528">
        <name>Student sustainability</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Zimbabwe</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="211" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="215">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/90b6d1b8047f954e5d267ae09a1259f8.pdf</src>
        <authentication>87d4dcc1c84dabcef70507281000c347</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="60">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="70">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1319">
                <text>STRATEGY AND QUALITY ASSURANCE AT THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1320">
                <text>DR PRIMROSE KURASHA&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1321">
                <text>PROF TAKAWIRA C. GWARINDA&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1322">
                <text>Zimbabwe International Journal of Open &amp; Distance Learning</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1323">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="624">
        <name>Quality assurance</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="213" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="217">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/acb5a0b17700b2c206a8ad2a428778bd.pdf</src>
        <authentication>64e8d9fc3d47252046e441875d1a3ee2</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="60">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="70">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1329">
                <text>STUDENT RETENTION AS A FUNCTION OF THE QUALITY OF LEARNER SUPPORT IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS AT THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1330">
                <text>DAVID CHAKUCHICHI</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1331">
                <text>Student retention is critically linked to the quality of service in open and distance learning (odl).&#13;
Peterson (1997) points out that students will form favourable perceptions regarding the quality of&#13;
their experience and decide to persist. Student retention could therefore be viewed as a function&#13;
of the learners’ perception of the quality of service and support. Low student retention rates have&#13;
a negative impact on the perception of the institution. It is, therefore, pertinent to enhance the&#13;
student retention rate in odl. The study used tinto’s model of student retention as a theoretical&#13;
base which underpins the need to satisfy students’ social and educational needs in order to retain&#13;
them. The study is a descriptive survey utilising multistage purposive sampling in order to include&#13;
students across faculties and regions. The questionnaire and in-depth interviews were the meth-&#13;
ods of data collection. The results indicated that, student retention was affected by a fees’ prizing&#13;
policy that did not take into consideration the students’ ability to pay and lack of timely supply of&#13;
learning materials. It would appear that students’ retention as a function of the affordability fac-&#13;
tor, was affected by the negative macro-economic environment existent in zimbabwe at the time&#13;
of the study</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1332">
                <text>Zimbabwe International Journal of Open &amp; Distance Learning Volume</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1333">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="231">
        <name>Student retention</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="262" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="266">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/b86c25449c634bece264b7feff570001.pdf</src>
        <authentication>5affebe4384a3a2e2bde951590417063</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="60">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="70">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1641">
                <text>TUTORING IN THE ERA OF E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES: RE-EXAMINING&#13;
CURRENT STATUS AND EXPLORING ALTERNATIVES AT THE&#13;
ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1642">
                <text>&#13;
CHADAMOYO PATRICK</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1643">
                <text>CHIOME CHRISPEN&#13;
&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1644">
                <text>DUMBU EMMANUEL</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1645">
                <text>Faced with the rapid changes in the development of tutoring and e-learning technologies, the institutions&#13;
of higher learning are now struggling to choose the appropriate mix and combinations of the tutoring&#13;
methods that meet the diverse needs of students in Open and Distance Learning (ODL). The present study&#13;
explored literature and re- examined the current status of the tutoring methods used at the Zimbabwe Open&#13;
University (ZOU) and assessed their effectiveness from the student perspective. A qualitative descriptive&#13;
survey was used to gather data from a convenient sample of 105 returning students at the ZOU. Results&#13;
showed a slow reaction by the university to catch up with these rapid changes in technology and a mixed&#13;
reaction by students in assessing the effectiveness of these pedagogical, technological changes. When&#13;
observed from a distance, the picture that one gets is that both the university and students are in a dilemma.&#13;
They are not sure of which method to use to maximise learning. As a way forward, the study proposed and&#13;
recommended that a ‘cafeteria’ approach be adopted so that each learner chooses an instructional method&#13;
according to need and taste.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1646">
                <text>Zimbabwe International Journal of Open &amp; Distance Learning</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1647">
                <text>2011</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="784">
        <name>cafeteria approach</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="783">
        <name>dilemma</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="781">
        <name>e-learning technologies</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="782">
        <name>tutoring</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="268" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="272">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/c2dca335efb4b04eaaeaf9dfd769d2c2.pdf</src>
        <authentication>61079f74ca48b3e6c0668e636c3623d3</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="60">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="70">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1683">
                <text>UTILIZING INTERVENTIONIST - PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH STRATEGIES IN&#13;
ESTABLISHING THE EFFICACY OF E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGY IN OPEN AND&#13;
DISTANCE LEARNING.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1684">
                <text>DAVID CHAKUCHICHI</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1685">
                <text>Research in open and distance learning (ODL), in an era of technological&#13;
advancement, e-learning innovations, social inclusion and multiculturalism,&#13;
should essentially take cognisance of the cognitive situates of the participants.&#13;
The interventionist participatory approach, grounded in the critical inquiry&#13;
research paradigm. was found to be most appropriate in establishing efficacy of&#13;
e-learning technology since it is open, descriptive, critical, interactive and&#13;
eclectic while fostering the co-construction of meanings by both researchers&#13;
and participants. Most importantly, interventionist participatory approaches&#13;
enable ODL practitioners and participants to be active in analyzing issues and&#13;
finding solutions to their problems in the face of e-learning technology. E-&#13;
learning which involves the students’ interface with a whole range of information&#13;
computer technology creates a new culture in ODL. Online programmes are fast&#13;
becoming the norm for a student population that lacks the requisite skills. E-&#13;
learning therefore presents anxieties as students try to fit in the new ODL&#13;
environment. Appropriate evidence based research strategies are therefore&#13;
imperative in order to establish the efficacy of the e-learning technology in the&#13;
context of the ODL practitioner and students. Traditional research strategies still&#13;
ignore the complex interaction between technological interventions and learner&#13;
capacities to utilize them. In ODL, both practitioners and participants need to be&#13;
integral in the process of problem analysis, development of solutions and the&#13;
strengthening and formation of initiatives which give the ODL students a voice&#13;
to define the efficacy of the e-learning innovations at their disposal. The&#13;
interventionist-participatory research strategies take into consideration the role&#13;
and complexities of the social contexts of the ODL learner and the potential for&#13;
influencing ODL practices, products and programmes. Thus interventionist&#13;
participatory strategies are well placed as evidence based research strategies to&#13;
evaluate the efficacy of e-learning technology and in the transformation of ODL&#13;
theory and practice</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1686">
                <text>Distance association of Southen Africa (DEASA)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1687">
                <text>2010</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="82">
        <name>e-learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="803">
        <name>Interventionist</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="297" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="301">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/eaf842029ecc2648e3e52a13afcb6f97.doc</src>
        <authentication>3719f16eb6f6d42a86f2e9627e3f3fc9</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="60">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="70">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1843">
                <text>HIGHER EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:&#13;
THE ROLE OF OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1844">
                <text>PROFESSOR EMERITUS ANUWAR ALI</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1845">
                <text>In the light of globalisation and the world’s ever-changing social and economic landscape, higher education is now universally considered a critical force in contributing towards sustainable development.  To enhance and improve higher education systems will be an imperative for every country to ensure that its people have the opportunity to gain knowledge for capacity building purposes as well as to create a knowledge-based society.  This is all the more important for the developing regions, such as Asia and Africa.  With a revived interest in higher education, many countries find it difficult to cope with the increasing demand for university places.  Additionally, various global forces are influencing the way people perceive teaching and learning, as well as changing the way academic programmes are being delivered.  Universities, courses and even learners are no longer restricted by regular notions of time and space.  Higher education institutions need to be mindful of these forces if they are to remain relevant in such a dynamic and fast-paced environment.  This paper will evaluate some salient features of the current higher education scenario and address the role of higher education in sustainable development, seen from the specific perspective of open and distance learning (ODL).  Here, ODL will be given the spotlight, and its value to a country’s higher education system will be discussed.  This paper will also share the experiences of Malaysia’s premier ODL institution, Open University Malaysia (OUM) in contributing towards human capital development in the country.&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1846">
                <text>Zimbabwe Open University&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1847">
                <text>2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="490">
        <name>higher education</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="204">
        <name>sustainable development</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="312" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="316">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/66d6718893b2009734f50489cd5ccda3.pdf</src>
        <authentication>589abd4d5d494008e4bae16668514885</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="60">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="70">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1913">
                <text>AN ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTIONS AND EXPECTATIONS OF STUDENTS&#13;
TOWARDS THE QUALITY OF SERVICE DELIVERY IN OPEN AND&#13;
DISTANCE LEARNING: A CASE OF THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1914">
                <text>DANIEL NDUDZO</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1915">
                <text>The study sought to analyse the expectations and perceptions of students towards the&#13;
quality of service delivered through Open and Distance Learning (ODL). The study&#13;
focused on learners at the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU). The Zimbabwe Open&#13;
University has, since 2008, been facing several challenges which, if not properly&#13;
addressed, threatened the acceptability of qualifications acquired through Open and&#13;
Distance Learning and consequently the survival of the University. This study sought to&#13;
assess the expectations and perceptions of the students towards the quality of service&#13;
delivered through Open and Distance Learning. This study employed the case study&#13;
research design which falls within the qualitative research methodology. The sample of&#13;
330 students was selected through cluster sampling of the ten Regional Centres of the&#13;
Zimbabwe Open University. The respondents were selected through convenience&#13;
sampling. Data generation was done through a questionnaire survey, focus group&#13;
discussions and observation</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1916">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1917">
                <text>2014</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="490">
        <name>higher education</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="624">
        <name>Quality assurance</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="405" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="412">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/69d1c0bbae7f68fb66b8705c4b5da0f4.pdf</src>
        <authentication>d9ca0a371e851231cb838392994ee86a</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="52">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="62">
                  <text>Staff Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2415">
                <text>EFFECTS OF THE OPEN DISTANCE ELECTRONIC LEARNING (ODEL) SYSTEM ON STUDENT SERVICE DELIVERY AT THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2416">
                <text>DOMINIC UZHENYU</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2417">
                <text>Open and Distance electronic Learning (ODeL) has transformed itself to become virtual with&#13;
minimal or even no physical tutor-student contact as academics create learning platforms, mark&#13;
assignments and even supervise dissertations and theses online. The Zimbabwe Open&#13;
University (ZOU) has undergone a lot of transformation since becoming a fully pledged&#13;
university in 1999. ZOU started with class contact (face-to-face with tutor) and use of modules&#13;
but has made great strides towards full use of electronic learning (e-learning) in line with&#13;
contemporary global practices in ODeL. The study used the explanatory research design. A&#13;
questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. The interview guide was used to collect&#13;
qualitative data. The study established that the majority of academics’ workload had increased&#13;
as the transition phase was taking longer than expected. A lot of administrative work, coupled&#13;
with inadequate training to effectively use the ZOU MyVista software learning platform,&#13;
pressure emanating from doctorate degree studies by most academics, the need to undertake&#13;
research and publish research papers as well as implementing a demanding quality assurance&#13;
system, all strained academics. On a positive note, the use of e-learning has expedited feedback&#13;
and communication to students, and it is also very convenient to them as they no longer have&#13;
to travel long distances or queue at regional campuses to see the regional programme&#13;
coordinators. The study recommended that more training on e-learning and availability of more&#13;
accessible infrastructure, namely computers and relevant software, would capacitate both&#13;
academics and students. There is also an urgent need to bring Part Time tutors on board, who&#13;
are the majority but currently left out of this e-learning drive, so that there is a strong learning&#13;
culture at ZOU for improved service delivery</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2418">
                <text>ZIBEM</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2419">
                <text>2024</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1090">
        <name>Delivery mode</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1091">
        <name>Electronic learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1092">
        <name>Quality learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1060">
        <name>Sustainable Development.</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1093">
        <name>Transformation</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="484" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="490">
        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/79023f36bc8ee9f24ca6047b1945e958.pdf</src>
        <authentication>c28708bf1a9fcb4e943034d94d83ccac</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="53">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="63">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2917">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF COMMERCE GRADUATES 2000 – 2015&#13;
TRACER STUDY&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2918">
                <text>LIGHTON DUBE </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2919">
                <text> AMOS MUNZARA</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2920">
                <text> ZVINAIYE CHIMBADZWA &#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2921">
                <text>This study traced graduates of the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) Faculty of Commerce (FACOM) from year 2000 to year 2015 to assess curriculum relevance, graduate outcomes, and labour market alignment. A total of 150 self-administered questionnaires were distributed through Regional Centres to collect data on employment status, further study intentions, programme perceptions, and skill acquisition. Findings showed that most respondents were adult learners, with a mean age of 40.2 years, and that 91.7% expressed the intention to pursue further studies, most preferring ZOU. Employment outcomes were diverse, with graduates largely absorbed in tertiary education, government and banking sectors. Respondents rated the FCL programmes as highly contributory to organisational, leadership, problem-solving and teamwork skills, but less effective in enhancing computer literacy and technical knowledge. Overall, the programmes were perceived as relevant to current jobs and the labour market, though areas such as ICT integration and industry linkages require strengthening. The study concluded that while ZOU FACOM effectively supported human capital development, curriculum adjustments and enhanced delivery mechanisms were essential to sustain competitiveness and graduate employability</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2922">
                <text>Zimbabwe Journal of Business, Economics and Management </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2923">
                <text>2025</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="1324">
        <name>Curriculum Relevance</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1323">
        <name>Graduate Employability</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="48">
        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1322">
        <name>Tracer Study</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
