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                <text>THE IMPACT OF URBAN WETLAND FARMING ON FOOD SECURITY IN&#13;
ZIMBABWE’S URBAN AREAS</text>
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                <text>DELIWE TEMBACHAKO&#13;
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                <text>ANYWAY KATANHA </text>
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                <text>RUMBIDZAI DEBRA KATSARUWARE</text>
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                <text>This study explores the urban wetlands contribution to household food security in Zimbabwe. This is&#13;
under the backdrop of hazy information which exists under the environmental importance of wetland&#13;
resource discourse. The study was an ethnographic in nature which used a qualitative research approach.&#13;
The study used a number of livelihood tools in food security assessment which included, direct&#13;
observations, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and a household questionnaire survey, to&#13;
solicit the data. A satellite town (Chitungwiza) close to Zimbabwe’s capital city (Harare) was used for&#13;
this study. A sum of 300 subjects from the three main residential areas namely Seke, St Mary’s and&#13;
Zengeza suburbs were selected for the study. Systematic sampling was used to select wetland urban&#13;
farmers in each surbub, followed by random sampling which resulted in a sample size of 100 from each&#13;
suburb. The results revealed that 92% of the urban farmers practice agriculture in wetlands. Sixty two&#13;
percent acknowledge that they are food secure because of wetland agriculture. The main crops which are&#13;
planted in these wetlands include maize, sweet potatoes, and vegetables in order of their importance.&#13;
Hundred percent respondents were of the opinion that soils from wetlands are richer than those from other&#13;
landscapes and therefore reducing expenses on input costs like fertilizers. About 80% of those that are&#13;
food secure are women headed households. Eighty seven percent of the respondents confirmed that&#13;
wetlands provide products and services that significantly contribute to their household food security.&#13;
Despite the wetland’s contribution, these urban farmers face some challenges which include low inputs,&#13;
unreliable and erratic rainfall, unfavorable urban agricultural policies and diseases. Urban population&#13;
increase around the wetlands, embedded with other anthropogenic activities, economic crisis, land&#13;
shortage and climate change presents households with limited options. The study recommends urban&#13;
agricultural policies that take into account the importance of wetlands as reliable agricultural landscape&#13;
and reduce the construction of buildings in the wetlands. Adoptions of relevant technologies that ensure&#13;
sustainable use of wetland resources for food security for example zero tillage.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Asian Academic Research Journal of Multidisciplinary</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1467">
                <text>2016</text>
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        <name>food security</name>
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        <name>Livelihood</name>
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        <name>Urban Wetland farming</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>THE PERFORMANCE OF MARKETING AGENTS IN CHIBUKU INCLUSIVE VALUE CHAIN IN BEIRA, MOZAMBIQUE BY FERNANDO FERREIRA ALVES</text>
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                <text>FERNANDO FERREIRA ALVES</text>
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                <text>The study was aimed at building and driving actual and potential Chibuku beer marketing agents&#13;
towards an inclusive value chain, for performance and income improvement and lifting them from&#13;
low livelihoods. The purpose was to include the marketing agents in the market at more beneficial&#13;
terms, while supplying value for the lowest cost of the beverage. This was combined with an&#13;
improvement of business standards, conceived on the leadership of a formal brewer, for quality&#13;
and sustainability of production instead of the low value quality from small informal home opaque&#13;
beer producers. The objective was to link stakeholders to the agents and the collaboration and&#13;
linking them to the market. Besides discussing the challenges that the marketing agents faced in&#13;
the Chibuku value chain, the study also considered the importance of training for the performance&#13;
of the agents. The research design that guided the research problem comprised of transforming&#13;
qualitative arguments into variables to create quantitative data. The population for this research&#13;
was made up of Chibuku marketing agents, Cervejas de Moçambique (Mozambique Brewer)&#13;
management staff representatives and the Ministries of Trade, Labour and Finance officials. The&#13;
sampling technique was convenient for the agents, those that were available at the business centres&#13;
at the time of data collection were interviewed. The researcher used purposive sampling to access&#13;
participants with relevant knowledge and experience for the Cervejas de Moçambique (CDM) and&#13;
different Ministries. Findings from the study revealed that there was management support from&#13;
suppliers, Ministries of Labour, Finance and Trade to enhance the performance of marketing&#13;
agents’ in Chibuku inclusive value chain that was important for inclusion in the value chain, as&#13;
well as collaboration between marketing agents and supplier. This collaboration was significant as&#13;
it helped the agents to perform better and overcome challenges faced in the business. The&#13;
challenges were also minimized through management training. The study also found that&#13;
management training provided by the brewer to marketing agents helped them run the business&#13;
more efficiently and perform better in the Chibuku inclusive value chain. The major&#13;
recommendation was that management support should be delivered during training in the working&#13;
environment as an on-the-job training during the acquisition of abilities and knowledge needed to&#13;
work in the business setting</text>
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                <text>ZOU</text>
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                <text>2024</text>
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        <name>Chibuku Beer</name>
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        <name>Inclusive Value Chain</name>
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        <name>Livelihood</name>
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        <name>Marketing Agents</name>
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      <tag tagId="1126">
        <name>Opaque Beer</name>
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        <name>value chain</name>
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