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                <text>&#13;
THE EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF&#13;
ATRAZINE UNDER CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE&#13;
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>MUTSVANDIANI CHIKUTUMA&#13;
</text>
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                <text>LOVEJOY TEMBO&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text> WISDOM KURANGWA </text>
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                <text>An experiment was set up to evaluate the residual effect of atrazine in cowpea production under conservation&#13;
agriculture. The trial was superimposed on a previous herbicide trial of a maize crop in 2012/2013 season. The&#13;
experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and four treatments as follows;&#13;
1. control (manual weeding), 2. Atrazine (3.6 litres/ha), 3. Atrazine (3.6 litres/ha) + glyphosate (2.5 litres/ha) and 4.&#13;
Atrazine (3.6 litres/ha) + glyphosate (2.5 litres/ha) + metolachlor (1 litre/ha). Herbicide treatment was carried out at&#13;
planting time and manual weeding at 10 cm weed height. Data collected include: germination percentage, weed&#13;
counts and weed biomass, cowpea biomass, pod length and cowpea yield. The herbicidal treatments showed a&#13;
significant effect (p&lt;0.05) on pod length and cowpea yield. The control plot had the highest pod length of 17.03cm&#13;
and atrazine alone had the least of 15.77cm. A combination of three herbicides had the highest yield of 1.2t/ha and&#13;
atrazine alone had the lowest yield of 0.9t/ha. No significant (p&gt;0.05) effects were recorded on percentage&#13;
germination, weed counts and weed biomass as well as on cowpea biomass. Tank mixing of two or more herbicides&#13;
is recommended when using atrazine to reduce residual effect and further research is recommended under different&#13;
soil types with different climatic conditions</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2015</text>
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        <name>atrazine</name>
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        <name>Conservation agriculture</name>
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        <name>cowpea</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="679">
        <name>residual effect</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>COMMUNITY/STAKEHOLDER LINKAGES IN AGROFORESTRY DEVELOPMENT: EXPERIENCES&#13;
FROM ZIMBABWE&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>D. MWENYE</text>
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                <text>W.  KURANGWA </text>
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                <text>M. DUBE </text>
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                <text>The need for tertiary institutions’ involvement in agroforestry development is relevant now&#13;
more than ever due to limited funding within the national research and extension institutions&#13;
and weak community/stakeholder linkages. A study was undertaken to understand&#13;
perceptions and experience of tertiary education insititutions and their community&#13;
linkages and to review possible models for improving the linkages. A desk study was&#13;
carried out to analyse community stakeholder linkages. A case study of a communal farmer&#13;
practising agroforestry technologies in Chinhamora communal area of Zimbabwe and an&#13;
assessment of multistakeholder approaches in promotion of agroforestry technologies for&#13;
improvement of livelihoods are presented in this paper. A qualitative research approach&#13;
was adopted. The study revealed the following: age differences between the students and&#13;
host farmers affected effective communication; increased diversity in opinions amongst&#13;
stakeholders; and weak linkages with tertiary institutions. Recommendations proposed&#13;
include review of curricula focusing on agribusiness and entrepreneurship in agroforestry&#13;
training, involvement of social based institutions in the development of agroforestry, and&#13;
establishment of permanent community training sites. More is expected from tertiary&#13;
institutions beyond supervision of students’ projects to post graduation follow ups.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>RUFORUM Working Document Series </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2016</text>
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        <name>Conservation agriculture</name>
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      <tag tagId="404">
        <name>institutional arrangements</name>
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        <name>multi-disciplinary skills</name>
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        <name>xtension</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwe</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF CONSERVATION&#13;
AGRICULTURE ON MAIZE YIELD IN&#13;
NYAKATSAPA, MUTASA DISTRICT, MANICALAND&#13;
PROVINCE: IMPLICATIONS ON EXTENSION&#13;
ADVICE TO FARMERS IN PROMOTING THE&#13;
AGRICULTURE&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>CULVER MVUMI</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>he study assessed the effects of conservation agriculture on maize yield in&#13;
Nyakatsapa, Mutasa district. 20 ca farmers, 20 farmers doing conventional farming&#13;
system and area AEW were used as research subjects in 2011/2012 farming season.&#13;
Questionnaires and interviews were used as research instruments. Mean yields&#13;
under ca and conventional tillage were compared and analysed using ‘Z’ statistical&#13;
test at 0.025level of significance. Results showed that maize mean yield from ca&#13;
was significantly higher than the mean yield from conventional system. Hectare of&#13;
all ca farmers increased from 40.5ha in 2009/2010 to 100ha in 2011/2012 season.&#13;
Yield in 2009/2010 was 1 t/ha but rose to 2.3t/ha by 2011/2012 season. Agritex, ZFU&#13;
and NGO provided extension service to Nyakatsapa ca farmers. Agritex provided&#13;
every type of extension. ZFU and NGO did not conduct any field days on ca.&#13;
Extension records revealed that (15/20) was attendance on field days and (19/20) on&#13;
field demonstrations. Results revealed that fertilizer and seed were the main inputs&#13;
given. The study therefore, recommends that farmers in Nyakatsapa use&#13;
conservation agriculture which produces higher yields than conventional system&#13;
in maize production. Soil, nutrients and moisture are conserved.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="614">
                <text>Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>Conservation agriculture</name>
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        <name>conventional agriculture</name>
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        <name>extension</name>
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