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                <text>ZIMSEC’S ONLINE RESULTS CHECKING SYSTEM: A PARENT-GUARDIAN PERCEPTION SURVEY&#13;
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                <text>This study investigates the effectiveness of the Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) online results system through a parent-guardian perception survey. With the introduction of a digital platform in 2019, ZIMSEC enabled candidates to access, view and download examination results directly from its official website. This study aims to evaluate how this online system is received by parents and guardians, focusing on their perspectives on its benefits, challenges, and potential areas for improvement. The research explores the perceived advantages of accessing results online, such as convenience and accessibility, while also highlighting concerns related to security, reliability and ease of use. The study employs a qualitative methodology, to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the online results system impacts Zimbabwean families and offers recommendations for enhancing functionality and user experience.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWEAN INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS (ZIK)&#13;
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                <text>First part of the paper, examined conceptual issues associated with Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IK),&#13;
including the nature of the intersection between Science and IK. We reflected on methodological pluralism, and&#13;
knowledge production. Intellectual property rights and empowerment are examined. We then explored the&#13;
multiple linkages between IK and the curriculum, in terms of needs, goals, teaching strategies and instructional&#13;
resources. We reflect on anticipated outcomes and methods of evaluation. We also discussed the role of the&#13;
library media center, and the library consultant, in curriculum planning with respect to IK. Our emphasis was on&#13;
those components of IK which describe, explain, predict and try to negotiate nature. Firstly we explore some&#13;
curriculum models and approaches relevant to our discourse, and various dimensions of teaching, learning and&#13;
researching Zimbabwe Indigenous Knowledge (ZIK), through the use of 'oral traditions' and other&#13;
methodologies. Secondly we provided specific instructional guidelines on African Traditional Medicine,&#13;
Mathematics and Food Processing, Selected readings and multimedia resources are identified along with&#13;
current instructional and research challenges. We specified whether ZIK, has specific implications for&#13;
democratization, community empowerment, nation building, sustainable development, capacity building and&#13;
intellectual development in Zimbabwe and Africa as a whole, in the 21st century.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWEAN DIABETICS' BELIEFS ABOUT HEALTH AND&#13;
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                <text>The paper analyses Zimbabwe’s Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) as a social policy instrument. Mupfurudzi Farm in Shamva district was used as a case study. Five tasks of the Transformative Social Policy Framework (TSPF) were analysed in a single study. These are production, protection, social reproduction, redistribution and social cohesion/nation building. Analysing and improving the transformative role of the land and agrarian reforms in Zimbabwe is the aim of the study. The study shows that prime land is a key social, economic and political resource whose ownership and use improves the wellbeing of the beneficiaries. However, the study also points to various hurdles to greater transformation. These could be managed through stakeholder networking and collaboration on capacity building and farm management skills, input schemes and loans, infrastructural development, security of tenure and state-facilitated markets. Key words and phrases: transformation, development, social policy, land reform and agrarian reform.</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe is one of the developing countries striving to reach a middle economy status by year 2030. In its bid to achieve this vision, it has adopted an electronic government strategy (e-government strategy) &#13;
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF COMMERCE GRADUATES 2000 – 2015&#13;
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&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>This study traced graduates of the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) Faculty of Commerce (FACOM) from year 2000 to year 2015 to assess curriculum relevance, graduate outcomes, and labour market alignment. A total of 150 self-administered questionnaires were distributed through Regional Centres to collect data on employment status, further study intentions, programme perceptions, and skill acquisition. Findings showed that most respondents were adult learners, with a mean age of 40.2 years, and that 91.7% expressed the intention to pursue further studies, most preferring ZOU. Employment outcomes were diverse, with graduates largely absorbed in tertiary education, government and banking sectors. Respondents rated the FCL programmes as highly contributory to organisational, leadership, problem-solving and teamwork skills, but less effective in enhancing computer literacy and technical knowledge. Overall, the programmes were perceived as relevant to current jobs and the labour market, though areas such as ICT integration and industry linkages require strengthening. The study concluded that while ZOU FACOM effectively supported human capital development, curriculum adjustments and enhanced delivery mechanisms were essential to sustain competitiveness and graduate employability</text>
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                <text>This study sought to evaluate the effects of unemployment on youth career development in Gokwe Rural Community, Zimbabwe. Employing a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design, the research involved a population of 375 individuals, with a final sample size of 104 participants—90 for quantitative data (88 completed questionnaires) and 14 for qualitative insights. Sampling techniques included purposive, random and convenience sampling. Data were collected from youths, community members, ward councillors and Ministry of Youth officials. The findings revealed that high unemployment rates significantly contributed to psychological challenges, such as depression and anxiety, which adversely affect self-esteem and motivation. Economically, the study highlighted a concerning trend of stagnation, as educated youths often migrate to rural areas in search of better opportunities, further exacerbating local poverty. The results underscored the urgent need for targeted youth development programmes aimed at enhancing employability and providing psychological support to improve overall well-being</text>
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                <text>WORKPLACE COUNSELLING AS A REMEDY FOR BURNOUT:&#13;
A CASE STUDY OF OPERATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION SECTOR&#13;
RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES IN MIDLANDS REGION OF ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The study investigated whether workplace counselling was a remedy for burnout&#13;
which operational nongovernmental organisation (NGO) employees experience. The&#13;
study was prompted by the fact that in Zimbabwe there is no recommended solution&#13;
to the problem of burnout. This study was premised on the qualitative research design&#13;
rooted in the interpretivist paradigm and was conducted in four operational NGOs&#13;
responding to humanitarian emergencies in Midlands Region of Zimbabwe. The&#13;
sample was made up of 8 participants from management, 22 employees from field&#13;
staff to get a total of 30 participants purposively sampled. Data were generated&#13;
through open ended questionnaires, interviews, observation and document analysis.&#13;
Ethical considerations were met through seeking permission and informed consent&#13;
from the selected NGOs and participants. Grounded theory was used as the basis for&#13;
the analysis. The results were centred on four themes which were causes of burnout,&#13;
current methods being used to prevent and treat burnout and their shortfalls and&#13;
counselling as a means to deal with burnout. The findings showed that participants&#13;
knew what burnout is and indicated that it is characterised by exhaustion, lack of&#13;
enthusiasm and motivation and feeling 'drained. Findings on causes of burnout&#13;
indicated that overworking and irrational thinking were some of the major causes of&#13;
burnout. The research results also indicated that burnout negatively affects&#13;
employees, resulting in diminished accomplishments, reduced efficacy, absenteeism,&#13;
physical illness, reduced commitment and professionalism. On current methods of&#13;
treatment of burnout, results indicate that employees largely rely on generic&#13;
counselling, natural approach and medication. However, participants pointed out that&#13;
burnout cannot be treated by medicine since it is not an infectious illness. Moreso,&#13;
drugs cannot change irrational thinking that promotes burnout and drugs whip the&#13;
adrenals. Findings showed that counselling can treat burnout through behaviour&#13;
modification and change in lifestyle. Hence, it can be concluded that counseling is a&#13;
remedy for burnout. The first key recommendation is that workplace counselling&#13;
should be provided by NGOs to employees as a remedy to burnout that employees&#13;
experience and counselling should be theory driven for it to be effective and&#13;
professional. I further recommend that medical treatment be used to treat symptoms&#13;
of burnout.</text>
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                <text>WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN RESOLVING CHURCH CONFLICTS. A CASE OF THE SALVATION ARMY, BINDURA CITADEL, ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>This study investigates women’s participation in resolving church conflicts. The study used a mixed method approach&#13;
combining focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and congregants survey. The findings of the study were that&#13;
women in the Salvation Army Church, Bindura Citadel were actively participating in resolving church conflicts through&#13;
counseling, mediation, negotiation, and facilitation and by being members of the powerful Pastoral Care Council whose&#13;
main role was to hear matters referred from the lower echelons of the church. It was established that the church was&#13;
organized and administered in military style with all congregants referred to as “soldiers” and leadership titles bearing&#13;
military ranks. The church faced the challenge of male domination due to the patriarchal nature of African and church&#13;
communities, lack of self confidence and esteem as well as the lack of support from fellow women. The study recommended that women be trained and encouraged to participate and support one another in resolving church conflicts. Furthermore, church policy reforms were recommended to foster women participation</text>
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                <text>Greener Journal of Social Sciences </text>
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                <text>WOMEN RE-DEFINING&#13;
THEMSELVES IN THE CONTEXT OF HIV AND AIDS: INSIGHTS FROM TENDAYI WESTERHOF’S UNLUCKY IN LOVE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>8&#13;
Women Re-deﬁning&#13;
Themselves in the Context&#13;
of HIV and AIDS: Insights&#13;
from Tendayi Westerhof’s&#13;
Unlucky in Love&#13;
Anna Chitando&#13;
Introduction&#13;
In a literary landscape that has been dominated by male voices,&#13;
Westerhof’s auto/biographical text subverts several assumptions,&#13;
principally the unstated underprivileging of female agency. She fur-&#13;
ther performs a sacrilegious desecration through a triumphalist nar-&#13;
rative of a taboo subject: HIV and AIDS and openly celebrating her&#13;
personhood, even though mired in divorce and disease. This chapter&#13;
focuses on Westerhof’s Unlucky in Love (2005), a novel about a woman&#13;
who marries and divorces. Rumbidzai (Rumbi for short) is a mother of&#13;
four. She is HIV positive and strives to make her life meaningful in an&#13;
environment that is characterised by oppressive masculinities. This&#13;
chapter attempts to resolve what has been left hanging by Tagwira&#13;
with regards women’s vulnerability to HIV and AIDS, their survival&#13;
strategies, as well as their attempt to reconstruct positive identi-&#13;
ties. Theoretically, this chapter is informed by the critical works of&#13;
African womanists and feminists such as Grace, Saadawi, Gaidzanwa&#13;
and Moyana. Saadawi (2007) insists that women must refuse to suc-&#13;
cumb to patriarchal dictates. In a recent chapter on Saadawi, Zucker (2010) has brought out Saadawi’s determination to empower women.&#13;
Firdaus, a key personality in Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero, murders&#13;
a man and recovers control of her destiny. Zucker comments on the&#13;
novel:&#13;
In Woman at Point Zero, El Saadawi shows us what a human&#13;
being will do in spite of cultural sufferings to feel some degree&#13;
of personal power and freedom. She has woven a multi-generic&#13;
tale of a woman whose life embodies an inter-gendered outlook;&#13;
Firdausi has suffered as women do in her culture and has grad-&#13;
ually assumed aspects of masculine power generally off-limits to&#13;
Egyptian women. Indeed, her coming to power results from her&#13;
re-authoring her life against the gendered constraints of her soci-&#13;
ety. Firdaus earns her own money and decides how to publicly&#13;
spend it. She selects the job that avails her of a better lifestyle and&#13;
chooses with whom she will or will not have sex. And finally, she&#13;
acts out her rage at the appropriate target.&#13;
(Zucker 2010:248–249)&#13;
This powerful passage demonstrates that, when cornered, women are&#13;
willing to “murder” patriarchy in order to re-define themselves and&#13;
recover their agency. Gaidzanwa (1985:14) questions male author-&#13;
ity that only feels that “motherhood is respectable and held in high&#13;
esteem as long as it goes with or is preceded by socially approved&#13;
wifehood”. How men prescribe inferior roles that women have to&#13;
play in society is also underscored by Moyana (2006), whose anal-&#13;
ysis of the portrayal of women in some of Mungoshi’s short stories&#13;
shows that women are supposed to be underlings in society. Moyana&#13;
goes on to show that, against this phallocentric logic, some female&#13;
characters are determined to defy patriarchy and that it is these&#13;
assertive women who create the basis from which it is conceivable&#13;
to imagine that women can challenge the multiple sources of their&#13;
oppressions. Ngoshi and Pasi (2007) add that the agency of people&#13;
affected by HIV and AIDS must be framed as subjects, not objects.&#13;
These perspectives on women struggling to realise their freedoms&#13;
in a context of HIV and AIDS and the male-induced stigma are&#13;
used in this chapter to unravel how black women fight for their&#13;
voices and to be heard in predominantly patriarchal and capitalist&#13;
society</text>
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                <text>Palgrave Macmillan</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1755">
                <text>2014</text>
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                <text>WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING IN&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>The primary aim of the study was to uncover demographic and socio-economic details and reasons&#13;
for opting for open and distance learning. Although the focus was on women learners, the study adopted a&#13;
gender approach in assessing access to university education through open and distance learning in order to&#13;
study both men and women. This helped to interrogate, articulate and analyse the gender construction of&#13;
distance education learners and delivery of open and distance learning at the Zimbabwe Open University.&#13;
Women constitute a substantial proportion of those marginalised by conventional systems of learning at&#13;
university level. The problems of access to tertiary education are mostly restrictive socio-economic factors.&#13;
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                <text>School leadership is there to build ‘learning bridges’ between learners and the curriculum content&#13;
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standard of implementation. The implementation of a new curriculum requires effective school&#13;
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                <text>Weaning is an essential animal husbandry intervention which has&lt;br /&gt;been associated with nutritional stress that interferes with both animal’s&lt;br /&gt;behavioral and physiological responses consequently influencing post&lt;br /&gt;weaning growth performance in goats and sheep production. The timing&lt;br /&gt;of weaning and/or weaning age of kids/lambs becomes critical in&lt;br /&gt;determination of flock performance with the intention of maximizing&lt;br /&gt;meat productivity and improving profitability. There are two possibilities&lt;br /&gt;that exist in deciding on weaning age of kids/lambs, thus early and late&lt;br /&gt;weaning, however, the decision on when to wean is dependent mainly&lt;br /&gt;on the production environment and purpose, as well as the dam&lt;br /&gt;welfare. Age at weaning differ greatly in sheep and goats, therefrom 14&lt;br /&gt;days to natural weaning, and exceeding four months of age. In sheep&lt;br /&gt;production effective early weaning has been practiced untimely at 14&lt;br /&gt;days; in goats’ kids have been weaned early successfully at 28 days. Early&lt;br /&gt;weaning is considered traditionally weaning ahead of the 90 days of age;&lt;br /&gt;60 days is most widely used; age thereafter qualifies for late weaning.&lt;br /&gt;The age at weaning greatly influences post weaning animal&lt;br /&gt;performance, however if not timed properly it would impact negatively&lt;br /&gt;also on weaner survival rates. Weaning itself is a very stressful&lt;br /&gt;procedure and subjecting kids/lambs to further stress which directly&lt;br /&gt;impinge on the kid/lamb’s immunity consequently increasing their&lt;br /&gt;susceptibility to diseases and reduced weight gain. There is need for age&lt;br /&gt;of weaning to balance the potential positive impacts on the ewes/does&lt;br /&gt;to rebreed, with potential negative impacts on the kid/lamb growth&lt;br /&gt;performance and survivability. Early weaning has become an effective husbandry practice especially in advanced goat and sheep production&lt;br /&gt;systems, which focuses on shortened female breeding reproductive&lt;br /&gt;cycle, while enhancing meat productivity through increased frequency of&lt;br /&gt;kidding/lambing. It is important to consider weaning age in relation to&lt;br /&gt;nutritional strategies which provide adequate time for diet transition&lt;br /&gt;which is intended not to compromise feed utilization and feed&lt;br /&gt;conversion efficiency in kids/lambs consequently reducing growth&lt;br /&gt;performance. The effectiveness of weaning age and anticipated live&lt;br /&gt;weight gains post-weaning is dependent on nutritional management&lt;br /&gt;especially concentrate supplementation which may promote&lt;br /&gt;performance and productivity in pastured based systems. Late weaning&lt;br /&gt;is probably convenient for less prolific goat and sheep breeds and&lt;br /&gt;genotypes not selected for their growth potential. It should be&lt;br /&gt;acknowledged that there is interaction between weaning age with other&lt;br /&gt;factors such as nutrition, sex and weight of animal. Some of the goat and&lt;br /&gt;sheep producers worldwide have shifted to use of weight based&lt;br /&gt;weaning model, similar age but with different weights, heavier lambs&lt;br /&gt;have superior development efficiency during lactation. The present&lt;br /&gt;review gives an insight on the consequences of early and late weaning&lt;br /&gt;on animal’s post weaning performance in small ruminants</text>
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                <text>Agricultural Advances &#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="373">
        <name>Goats</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="823">
        <name>Performance parameters</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="111">
        <name>Sheep</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="822">
        <name>Weaning age</name>
      </tag>
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                <text>WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES THAT INVOLVE COMMUNITIES&#13;
&#13;
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>JONAH MUGUTI&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="1718">
                <text> RITTAH KASOWE&#13;
</text>
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                <text>TONDERAI M. CHIUNYE,&#13;
</text>
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                <text>TAURAI L. CHINYANGANYA</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The aim of the study was to explore challenges faced by local authorities in the management of solid wastes, and to&#13;
establish the kind of linkages that exist between the ratepayers and local authorities. The study also focused on&#13;
discovering what information needs exist among urban ratepayers about waste disposal. A descriptive survey design&#13;
was used and involved informants from Bindura Municipality. These included council officials, ratepayers and the&#13;
business community. The main questions of pursuit were:&#13;
• What challenges face the town in its efforts to dispose of solid wastes?&#13;
• What information about waste disposal do ratepayers of the town have?&#13;
• What linkages should exist between local authority and ratepayers to ensure effective waste disposal?&#13;
The data collected were transcribed and themes developed in line with existing theories. Percentage frequencies were&#13;
also computed for the quantitative data. It was hoped that the results of the study would help to create baseline&#13;
knowledge for funding proposals in waste management. Community participation will also encourage entrepreneurs to&#13;
play a meaningful role in the town’s waste management programmes</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1722">
                <text>Greener Journal of Environmental Management and Public Safety </text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1723">
                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>Participation.</name>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>VINE HARVESTING FREQUENCY IMPACT ON TUBER YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF&#13;
COMMONEST SWEET POTATO CULTIVAR IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>C. MVUMI&#13;
</text>
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                <text> B. ZENDERA</text>
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                <text>Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) root tubers and vines are important for human and animal nutritional&#13;
requirements, respectively; the vines being additionally used for propagation, but root tuber yield is greatly&#13;
affected by vine harvesting frequency. This study aimed at assessing the potential effect of vine harvesting&#13;
frequency of sweet potato German 11 cultivar on attributes of root tuber yield under sprinkler irrigation after 140&#13;
days from planting. Treatments used consisted of vine harvesting once (VHO) at 8 weeks after planting, 2 times&#13;
(VH2T) at 8 and 10 weeks after planting; 3 times (VH3T) at 8, 10 and 12 weeks after planting; and 4 times&#13;
(VH4T) at 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12 weeks and at 14 weeks after planting. No vine harvesting was the control.&#13;
Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Results&#13;
revealed that vine harvesting frequency had a relative effect on all root tuber yield attributes of sweet potato. The&#13;
lower the vine harvesting frequency the higher the yield obtained. Vines harvested once (VHO) at 8 weeks&#13;
significantly (P&lt;0.001) increased root tuber dry matter (DM) (29.3%) and total root tuber yield (14.5 t ha-1) as&#13;
compared to VH4T, and also gave optimum results in all the root tuber yield parameters measured. Based on the&#13;
results, optimum German 11 cultivar production capacity is achieved when vine harvesting for livestock feeding&#13;
and propagation is done only once at 8 weeks</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1709">
                <text>International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2018</text>
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        <name>German 11</name>
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      <tag tagId="812">
        <name>Nutritional requirements</name>
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        <name>Propagation</name>
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        <name>Root tuber yield</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>VIABILITY OF SMALLHOLDER DAIRYING IN WEDZA, ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>PLAXEDIS IVY ZVINOROVA&#13;
 </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1698">
                <text>TINYIKO EDWARD HALIMANI &#13;
</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1699">
                <text>RENNETH T. MANO&#13;
</text>
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                <text> NOBBERT TAKARWIRWA NGONGONI</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Viability differences in smallholder dairy farming&#13;
are a result of differences in access to markets and services.&#13;
It is hypothesized that innovations that improve productivity&#13;
and market linkages also improve returns and viability. The&#13;
viability of smallholder dairying in Wedza was characterised&#13;
by interviewing 52 households using semi-structured ques-&#13;
tionnaires. Information on demographics, production, mar-&#13;
keting, livestock numbers, assets and constraints was&#13;
obtained. Farmers were resource-constrained with differen-&#13;
ces in access to resources. The highly resourced farmers had&#13;
higher milk output and numbers of livestock. Almost 40 %&#13;
of the households were female-headed, and these dominated&#13;
the poor category. Household sizes ranged from 4 to 13&#13;
persons. Milk off-take was low (3.7±0.53 l/cow/day), due&#13;
to various constraints. Only rich farmers had viable enter-&#13;
prises in purely financial terms. Per litre cost of milk was&#13;
more than selling price (US$0.96) for most farmers except&#13;
the relatively rich. Operating ratios were 1.7, 0.6, 1.4 and&#13;
1.1 for the poor, rich, sub-centre and milk collection centre&#13;
farmers, respectively. This means incomes from the dairy&#13;
activities did not cover costs. Sensitivity analysis indicated&#13;
that increases in total variable costs and labour reduced&#13;
returns. Milk production and viability were influenced by&#13;
access to resources and markets.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Trop Anim Health Prod</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1703">
                <text>2013</text>
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      <tag tagId="810">
        <name>Mixed crop–livestock production</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="808">
        <name>Resource-driven farming systems</name>
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      <tag tagId="809">
        <name>Sensitivity analysis</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>VALUE STATEMENTS DIFFER FROM FACTUAL STATEMENTS&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>DR. S. B. M. MARUME&#13;
</text>
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                <text>R.R. JUBENKANDA &#13;
</text>
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                <text>W. NAMUSI &#13;
</text>
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                <text>N. C. MADZIYIRE</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1693">
                <text>In axiology it is customary to make a clear distinction between facts and values. A corresponding&#13;
distinction is made between value statements and factual statements. This distinction constitutes the subject of&#13;
this article</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1694">
                <text>International Journal of Engineering Science Invention</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2016</text>
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        <name>and values</name>
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        <name>axiology</name>
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        <name>custom</name>
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                <text>UTILIZING INTERVENTIONIST - PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH STRATEGIES IN&#13;
ESTABLISHING THE EFFICACY OF E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGY IN OPEN AND&#13;
DISTANCE LEARNING.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>DAVID CHAKUCHICHI</text>
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                <text>Research in open and distance learning (ODL), in an era of technological&#13;
advancement, e-learning innovations, social inclusion and multiculturalism,&#13;
should essentially take cognisance of the cognitive situates of the participants.&#13;
The interventionist participatory approach, grounded in the critical inquiry&#13;
research paradigm. was found to be most appropriate in establishing efficacy of&#13;
e-learning technology since it is open, descriptive, critical, interactive and&#13;
eclectic while fostering the co-construction of meanings by both researchers&#13;
and participants. Most importantly, interventionist participatory approaches&#13;
enable ODL practitioners and participants to be active in analyzing issues and&#13;
finding solutions to their problems in the face of e-learning technology. E-&#13;
learning which involves the students’ interface with a whole range of information&#13;
computer technology creates a new culture in ODL. Online programmes are fast&#13;
becoming the norm for a student population that lacks the requisite skills. E-&#13;
learning therefore presents anxieties as students try to fit in the new ODL&#13;
environment. Appropriate evidence based research strategies are therefore&#13;
imperative in order to establish the efficacy of the e-learning technology in the&#13;
context of the ODL practitioner and students. Traditional research strategies still&#13;
ignore the complex interaction between technological interventions and learner&#13;
capacities to utilize them. In ODL, both practitioners and participants need to be&#13;
integral in the process of problem analysis, development of solutions and the&#13;
strengthening and formation of initiatives which give the ODL students a voice&#13;
to define the efficacy of the e-learning innovations at their disposal. The&#13;
interventionist-participatory research strategies take into consideration the role&#13;
and complexities of the social contexts of the ODL learner and the potential for&#13;
influencing ODL practices, products and programmes. Thus interventionist&#13;
participatory strategies are well placed as evidence based research strategies to&#13;
evaluate the efficacy of e-learning technology and in the transformation of ODL&#13;
theory and practice</text>
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                <text>Distance association of Southen Africa (DEASA)</text>
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                <text>2010</text>
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        <name>e-learning</name>
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                <text>UTILIZING FORENSIC ACCOUNTING TOOLS FOR ENHANCING FRAUD&#13;
PREVENTION AND DETECTION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: AN EXAMINATION OF ZIMBABWEAN LOCAL AUTHORITIES&#13;
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                <text>SILIBAZISO ZHOU (P009156A)</text>
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                <text>Fraud poses a significant challenge to the public sector in Zimbabwe, with severe consequences.&#13;
Local authorities are tasked with developing effective strategies to combat fraud. This study aimed&#13;
to investigate how the application of forensic accounting techniques can enhance fraud prevention&#13;
and detection within Zimbabwe's public sector, focusing on local authorities crucial for achieving&#13;
Zimbabwe’s Vision 2030. Operational objectives were outlined, and quantitative data was&#13;
collected. Drawing on pragmatism as the research philosophy, information was gathered from a&#13;
representative sample of 280 participants, including accountants, internal auditors, forensic&#13;
specialists, administrators, and law enforcement officials within local authorities. A structured 5-&#13;
point Likert questionnaire was employed, guided by the Reasoned Action theory. Through&#13;
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), a Structural&#13;
Equation Modelling (SEM) approach assessed the impact of forensic accounting's fraud prevention&#13;
and detection techniques, alongside forensic accounting services, on actual fraud prevention and&#13;
detection mechanisms in urban local authorities. The results indicated that the use of forensic&#13;
accounting's fraud detection techniques had the most significant influence, followed by prevention&#13;
techniques and then forensic accounting services. The study concluded that local authorities&#13;
leveraging forensic accounting for detection and prevention are better equipped to unearth and&#13;
prevent fraudulent activities. Challenges were identified, including educational, political, and legal&#13;
obstacles hindering the effectiveness of forensic accounting. To address these issues, the study&#13;
recommends that local authorities prioritize the adoption of forensic accounting techniques as a&#13;
primary defense against fraud. It suggests enhanced training for External Auditors and internal&#13;
auditors in fraud investigation over traditional auditing methods. Additionally, it calls for&#13;
governmental reassessment of existing laws and regulations, emphasizing the urgent need for the&#13;
Forensic Accounting Act and whistle-blowing legislation. The study also proposes a forensic&#13;
accounting fraud detective tool tailored for local authority use.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2024</text>
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        <name>Forensic accounting tools</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwe Local Authorities</name>
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                <text>USING LIVELIHOOD PROFILES FOR ASSESSING CONTEXT IN ICT4D RESARCH:&#13;
A CASE STUDY OF ZIMBABWE’S HIGHVELD PRIME COMMUNAL&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>SAM TAKAVARASHA JR&#13;
</text>
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                <text>GILFORD HAPANYENGWI&#13;
</text>
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                <text>GABRIEL KABANDA</text>
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                <text>The importance of context specific ICT4D innovation has been highlighted in Information&#13;
Systems research by the short-comings of a-contextual innovation. This has often been&#13;
accepted without due understanding of how to develop context specific interventions. There&#13;
is therefore a need for a framework that elucidates ICT4D contextualisation and guides the&#13;
development of context specific interventions. This should be useful to practitioners that are&#13;
constantly advised to develop context specific artefacts without any clarity of how to do so.&#13;
Using evidence from Zimbabwe this paper proposes the use of livelihood profiles for&#13;
identifying the livelihood issues that matter in a particular locality and Sen’s Capability&#13;
Approach for assessing the opportunity freedoms to exploit the local livelihoods. This is&#13;
presented as a systematic way of establishing the context under which ICT4D interventions&#13;
will be deployed. The study uses focus groups under an interpretivist paradigm to investigate&#13;
contextual issues in Zimbabwe Highveld Prime Communal livelihood zone. The study found&#13;
a politically polarised contextual setting characterised by poor agricultural finance,&#13;
ineffective crop and livestock markets, unrewarding labour markets against a good&#13;
agricultural climate that is affected by cyclical droughts. As a result the study posits that&#13;
ICT4D innovations for the zone must be designed to operate under these realities and&#13;
limitations</text>
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                <text>USING ECUMENICAL EXPERIENCES TO RESPOND TO NEW PUBLIC LIFE CHALLENGES</text>
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                <text>JOHN GAGA&#13;
&#13;
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</text>
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                <text>BEKITHEMBA DUBE</text>
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                <text>The description of the history of the church in Zimbabwe highlights the presence of a visibly&#13;
united church that has been actively involved in supporting public life since the colonial era.&#13;
The division within the Christian community is not a recent phenomenon but has existed&#13;
throughout colonial history. The Zimbabwe Heads of Christian Denominations (ZHOCD)&#13;
serves as an umbrella organisation that aims at re-uniting Christian efforts of Catholic,&#13;
Protestant, Evangelical, and Indigenous traditions, in order to have a collective influence on&#13;
democratic processes in Zimbabwe. The ZHOCD takes a combative approach towards state&#13;
tyranny and is proactive in seeking solutions for public life challenges. This active engagement&#13;
is beneficial for national agendas, that allow citizens to freely choose and join political parties&#13;
of their preferences. The individual actions and activities of the ZHOCD members contribute&#13;
towards the overall work of the churches in Zimbabwe. This demonstrates religious confidence&#13;
in addressing the political and economic impacts on human well-being. By fulfilling its mission&#13;
and tasks, the ZHOCD actively participates in the shaping public life in Zimbabwe</text>
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        <name>political violence</name>
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        <name>public life</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwe Heads of Christian Denominations</name>
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&#13;
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                <text>Many years of experience point to the general statement that the usefulness and beauty of&#13;
philosophy lies not so much in the answers that it provides to problems, but in the question which it rationally&#13;
poses</text>
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