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                <text>AN ANALYSIS OF CHOLERA INTERVENTIONS BY DEVELOPMENT&#13;
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                <text>JOHN MBWIRIRE</text>
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                <text>This study analysed the interventions undertaken in Harare Urban District that contributed to curbing of cholera from 2008 as well as current interventions toward prevention. A mixed method approach was used combining household survey, focus group discussions and interviews.&#13;
Interventions carried out were of great assistance (awareness and prevention education, provision of temporary and long term water&#13;
supplies, sanitation and case management) although challenges in terms of mainly resources and coordination were met. Inconsistent funding to carry on with cholera prevention is still a challenge and risk factors are still abounding with some key organisations lacking capacity to act and provide the information to be acted upon. Prevention work is on-going but there is still need to continuously educate people and restore&#13;
public health infrastructure and build capacity of local authorities, regular surveillance and early detection as well as working with communities to empower them as provided for in the recommendations given by respondents. An all stakeholders workshop is therefore recommended to ensure that resources are pooled together and disaster risk reduction carried out as a way of protecting people’s health and livelihoods.</text>
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                <text>EFFECTVENESS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMAN RIGHTS SUPPORTS PROGRAMMES OFFERED BY RESTORATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS ZIMBABWE IN DARWEDALE DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE.</text>
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                <text>This research study evaluates human rights support programmes offered by civic organizations in harsh political and economic community in a&#13;
hyper inflammatory environment. An evaluation of human rights support programmes with special reference to Restoration of Hum an Rights&#13;
Zimbabwe (ROHR Zim) was the main objective of this research study. A qualitative approach was used in the study focus using g roup&#13;
discussions and in-depth interviews as research instruments used. The study showed that human rights support programmes which were&#13;
offered after political, economic and social crackdown in a crisis ridden community using participatory approaches were quite effective and&#13;
timely relevant. In addition, more effort and commitment was needed to enhance and improve human rights support programmes. This&#13;
research study recommends that the importance of human rights and human rights support programmes should also include peace&#13;
education programmes for the literate and illiterate, young and adults, rich and poor.</text>
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                <text>AN UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMAN RIGHTS SUPPORTS&#13;
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DARWEDALE DISTRICT OF HARARE,ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>JOHN MBWIRIRE</text>
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                <text>The main objective of this study was to have an in-depth understanding of human rights and human rights support programmes offered by civic&#13;
organizations in harsh political and economic community in a hyper inflammatory environment. This was carried out with specia l reference to&#13;
Restoration of Human Rights Zimbabwe (ROHR Zim) as a case study. A qualitative approach using study focus group discussions and in-depth&#13;
interviews were the research instruments used. The study showed that human rights support programmes were offered after political, economic&#13;
and social crackdown in a crisis ridden community using participatory approaches. In addition, more effort and commitment wa s needed to&#13;
enhance and improve human rights support programmes in line with the technological and economical, socio -cultural and global trends.&#13;
Communities should also strive to improve human rights support programmes condition, which were generally bad in many societi es of&#13;
developing countries. This research study recommends that human rights activists, organizations and state departments should collaboratively&#13;
work together in coming up with human rights support programmes which are cultural specific utilizing available resources and expertise</text>
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                <text>CAUSES OF MARITAL CONFLICTS IN CHRISTIAN&#13;
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MASHONALAND EAST PROVINCE, ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>JOHN MBWIRIRE</text>
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                <text>This study investigates causes of marital conflicts in mainline and modern day Christian churches found in&#13;
Domboshava area. The study used a qualitative approach, using focus group discussions with church&#13;
members and in-depth interviews with church leaders. The findings of the study were that marital conflicts&#13;
were caused through natural problems as well as man-generated problems. If these problems arise, they&#13;
weaken marriage bond. Therefore, the study recommended that couples must promptly react constructively&#13;
to early warning signs of marital conflicts before they develop into bad signals of cohabitation</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies</text>
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                <text>WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES THAT INVOLVE COMMUNITIES&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>JONAH MUGUTI&#13;
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                <text> RITTAH KASOWE&#13;
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                <text>The aim of the study was to explore challenges faced by local authorities in the management of solid wastes, and to&#13;
establish the kind of linkages that exist between the ratepayers and local authorities. The study also focused on&#13;
discovering what information needs exist among urban ratepayers about waste disposal. A descriptive survey design&#13;
was used and involved informants from Bindura Municipality. These included council officials, ratepayers and the&#13;
business community. The main questions of pursuit were:&#13;
• What challenges face the town in its efforts to dispose of solid wastes?&#13;
• What information about waste disposal do ratepayers of the town have?&#13;
• What linkages should exist between local authority and ratepayers to ensure effective waste disposal?&#13;
The data collected were transcribed and themes developed in line with existing theories. Percentage frequencies were&#13;
also computed for the quantitative data. It was hoped that the results of the study would help to create baseline&#13;
knowledge for funding proposals in waste management. Community participation will also encourage entrepreneurs to&#13;
play a meaningful role in the town’s waste management programmes</text>
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                <text>Greener Journal of Environmental Management and Public Safety </text>
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                <text>REVITALISING TRANSFORMATIONAL GOVERNANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: PERSPECTIVES FROM KENYA&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>JOSEPH AKUMA MISATI&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>EDWARD ONTITA</text>
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                <text>Efficient delivery of public services in Kenya and other developing countries has for long been hindered&#13;
by highly centralised governments. Recognising the need to achieve high economic growth and reduce&#13;
poverty-related inequalities, Kenyans persistently pushed for enhanced decentralisation of governance and&#13;
development. In response, government has over time initiated numerous reforms, key among them the&#13;
Vision 2030 blue print and a new constitution aimed at strengthening institutional capacities to improve&#13;
service delivery, enhance economic governance and promote citizen participation. Despite the gains made,&#13;
more needs to be done to enhance maximum direct participation of citizens. This paper documents the&#13;
reforms and their resultant impact on social development in Kenya. It is argued that while decentralisation&#13;
is a multi-faceted concept comprising three key typologies: Devolution, De-concentration and Participation,&#13;
the prevailing decentralisation initiatives in the past ignored the key element of citizen participation&#13;
leading to “public departicipation”. It is recommended that mainstreaming transformational leadership,&#13;
prudent utilisation of devolved funds and institutionalisation of transformed and reformed national and&#13;
county governance structures characterised by high-level executive capability consistent with a rapidly&#13;
industrialising country is prioritised. Adoption of e-governance leading to honesty and transparency will&#13;
facilitate the necessary transformative platform for the public sphere.</text>
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                <text>AN IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT&#13;
FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING&#13;
THE DYNAMISM OF CULTURE&#13;
UNDER GLOBALIZATION:&#13;
EVIDENCE FROM ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>66 International Journal of Information Technology Project Management, 4(4), 66-81, October-December 2013&#13;
Copyright © 2013, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.&#13;
ABSTRACT&#13;
Culture has been analysed in information systems (IS) projects as one of the soft issues that cause project&#13;
failure. Increased outsourcing and collaboration call for an understanding of the dynamism of cultures in the&#13;
wake of global influences as a first step towards managing cross cultural Information Technology (IT) proj-&#13;
ects. In this study, the authors propose a way of assessing cultural dynamics in the context of trans-national&#13;
collaboration in IT projects. Using a mixed methods approach consisting of survey and semi-structured&#13;
interviews for collecting evidence in Zimbabwe, a framework for assessing the current state of communalist&#13;
culture is proposed. The study showed that in spite of the inroads of Westernization and Commercialization,&#13;
a culture of sharing prevails although it is affected by sensitivity to cost burden and inroads of individualism</text>
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        <name>Information Technology (IT)</name>
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                <text>This study sought to evaluate the effects of unemployment on youth career development in Gokwe Rural Community, Zimbabwe. Employing a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design, the research involved a population of 375 individuals, with a final sample size of 104 participants—90 for quantitative data (88 completed questionnaires) and 14 for qualitative insights. Sampling techniques included purposive, random and convenience sampling. Data were collected from youths, community members, ward councillors and Ministry of Youth officials. The findings revealed that high unemployment rates significantly contributed to psychological challenges, such as depression and anxiety, which adversely affect self-esteem and motivation. Economically, the study highlighted a concerning trend of stagnation, as educated youths often migrate to rural areas in search of better opportunities, further exacerbating local poverty. The results underscored the urgent need for targeted youth development programmes aimed at enhancing employability and providing psychological support to improve overall well-being</text>
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                <text>THE ROLE OF TURNITIN POLICY IN ACADEMIC&#13;
WRITING: A CASE OF ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Academics strive to produce quality academic writing. There is need to ensure that issues of&#13;
plagiarism are addressed to promote quality academic writing. Plagiarism means using some&#13;
one’s ideas without even acknowledging the source (en.writecheck.com/resources). In academic&#13;
writing plagiarism is a serious offence. It results in one loosing academic or professional&#13;
standing or failing assignments or courses (http:// www.examiner.com/ adult –education-in-&#13;
pittsburg/plagiarism-higher education. It is therefore imperative that academics make use of anti-&#13;
plagiarism software such as turnitin as it would assist them to avoid plagiarism. The study sought&#13;
to findout the role of turnitin in academic writing. A qualitative approach was adopted and a case&#13;
study design was employed. The case study allowed the researcher to focus on a particular&#13;
instance to get an in-depth understanding of the situation (Creswell, 2009).A purposive sampling&#13;
of 5 lecturers and 5 students was drawn. The lecturers revealed that they have been trained to use&#13;
the anti-plagiarism but were yearning for a clear policy since it would determine universal&#13;
acceptable percentage. The students on the other hand revealed that they have not been trained to&#13;
use it and would appreciate such training to promote production of quality assignments. It is&#13;
recommended that there be a turnitin policy used in faculties to promote quality academic&#13;
writing. Students on the other hand should be trained to use turn it in soft-ware in order to&#13;
produce quality assignments. Thus generally both students and lecturers should be encouraged to&#13;
use the anti-plagiarism software in all their academic writing</text>
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                <text>THE EFFICACY OF LEAN MANUFACTURING ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE. A&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>The impact of Lean Manufacturing (LM) on organisational performance is an ongoing&#13;
discussion globally. Zimbabwean companies have implemented LM tools for operational&#13;
performance across various industries. The Beverage industry has also been identified to be&#13;
focusing on initiatives such as developing products that are less expensive, sell better and faster&#13;
for it to remain competitive and reclaiming market shares, sales revenue and profitable in&#13;
today's global market. The primary goal of this study was to determine the efficacy and viability&#13;
of lean manufacturing processes at Zimbabwean Beverages production plants. The study used&#13;
a qualitative research methodology, which yielded in-depth, detailed and rich data from human&#13;
viewpoints and experiences resulting in a realistic understanding that was interpreted using the&#13;
participants' social and cultural context. A total of thirty participants were purposeful selected&#13;
based on their knowledge of the phenomenon under investigation. Physical face-to-face&#13;
interviews, Ms team interviews, and focus groups responded to semi-structured interviews in&#13;
data collection. Document analysis was used to collect data. The study found out that&#13;
Zimbabwean Companies have not fully adopted lean manufacturing because of scepticism&#13;
from management on the cost involved and the fear of losing jobs by the shop floor workers.&#13;
The study however unearthed that manufacturing companies would benefit from lean&#13;
manufacturing principles performance. Overwhelming evidence availed was that by&#13;
implementing lean tools such as JIT methods, the organizations would be able to cut waste,&#13;
reduce inventory holding costs and develop supplier relationships. TPM and VSM were found&#13;
to have the potential to improve productivity and quality. The study recommends that suitable&#13;
training programs should be designed to provide management with knowledge and skills to&#13;
apply the positive traits to incorporate the lean concept into the organizations. and through buy-&#13;
in from shop floor workforce increase company performance.</text>
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                <text>Primary schools that exist in disadvantaged rural areas in Zimbabwe face serious challenges in delivering equal educational opportunities to the learners. Learners in these areas generally do not perform well in public examinations at grade seven level. They show reduced tendencies to progress beyond compulsory education cycles and contribute more to wastage indicators such as dropping out of school. Using Rawls’ Distributive Theory of social justice (1971), this study explores how school heads deliver equal educational opportunities in selected disadvantaged rural primary schools in Bindura District of Zimbabwe. The study used a qualitative research approach conducting a case study to gather data through semi structured interviews. The participants were primary school heads, deputy heads and school chairpersons selected from five purposively sampled disadvantaged rural primary schools according to their performance status, that is, bottom performing schools in national examinations at Grade Seven level for the year 2024 (based on the Zimbabwe Schools Examination Council (ZIMSEC) rankings for Bindura District. For purposes of this study, a bottom performing school in the context of Zimbabwean schools is a pass rate below 25–30 for grade seven (7) examinations</text>
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                <text>THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONALS’ PERCEPTIONS ON&#13;
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                <text>This study was on the challenges encountered in the management of sport in universities in&#13;
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conducive environment for the development of university students sport. The study was&#13;
prompted by experiences of the researcher as a sports administrator, and also by reports that&#13;
confirmed the various challenges encountered in the management of sport in universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe. The challenges compromised the quality of performance of Zimbabwean&#13;
university sports teams at regional and international tournaments. During the study a mixed&#13;
methods approach, of both qualitative and quantitative paradigms, was employed, making it a&#13;
pragmatic approach, although the quantitative paradigm was dominant. The population of the&#13;
study was the Sports Directors of the eleven universities that were affiliated to the Zimbabwe&#13;
Universities Sports Association (ZUSA). The Sports Directors were chosen by purposive&#13;
sampling and responded to a questionnaire. Sports Team Captains, were also involved as&#13;
respondents to a different questionnaire. Students’ team coaches were involved as focus&#13;
group participants. The population also included players, supporters, officials and&#13;
administrators at the venues of the ZUSA Games. These were for observation purposes.&#13;
Opportunistic overt observations were done at three different venues of university games&#13;
over a period of one calendar year. These included one preliminary game, one ball games&#13;
final and one athletics final. The study found that management of sport in universities&#13;
encountered challenges that were related to lack of funding for sport, which generally&#13;
affected provision of resources; behaviour related challenges like cheating and indiscipline;&#13;
poor administration and lack of professionalism by coaches, officials and players. Besides,&#13;
attitude-related challenges among some university authorities, which led to trivialization of&#13;
university sport indicated by absence of clear sports policies and committees that represented&#13;
sport and, in some cases, lack of sports levy or specific funds. All these challenges negatively&#13;
affected the quality of university sport, thereby compromising performance of Zimbabwean&#13;
athletes at regional and international sports tournaments because the sport environment was&#13;
not conducive to the development of students sport. The study concluded that the various&#13;
challenges could be overcome by serious involvement and unity of purpose by all&#13;
iii&#13;
stakeholders who are the university authorities, sport management, sport officials, national&#13;
sports associations, the corporate world, alumni, the players themselves and the government&#13;
through various relevant departments. These should ensure that funding is availed for&#13;
university sport development and that formulation of effective policies on sport and their&#13;
implementation is done. Furthermore, the study established that there was need for sport&#13;
management, officiating and coaching workshops to improve university sport. Change of&#13;
attitudes through sports education would also go a long way in ensuring support and&#13;
participation that is indispensable in university sport</text>
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                <text>PUBLIC DEBT SERVICING IN ZIMBABWE: CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS&#13;
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                <text>Zimbabwe has been classified as being in debt distress and government debt has risen&#13;
substantially from just over 48% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2013 to an estimated&#13;
82% in 2017. Large fiscal deficits experienced by the country have partly been the result of an&#13;
elevated public wage bill, which continues to absorb more than 80% of revenue in the country.&#13;
More so, the deficits have also been financed through an overdraft facility at the Reserve Bank&#13;
of Zimbabwe (RBZ) bailouts of state-owned enterprises, and widespread mismanagement of&#13;
public funds. Zimbabwe is officially burdened with public debt of approximately US$17.5&#13;
billion of which US$14.043 billion is external debt stock alongside ZWL$2.235 trillion worth&#13;
of domestic debt. The total Public and Publicly Guaranteed (PPG) debt increased by 27.5%&#13;
from 2021 figure of US$13.722 billion which is an unusual increase in a single year only. This&#13;
research examines challenges associated with debt servicing in Zimbabwe as well as&#13;
implications of unsustainable public debt. Some identified challenges exacerbating public debt&#13;
include lack of compliance by the government with legislative provisions on borrowings,&#13;
public debt defaults, misappropriated public debts and fragmented public debt institutional&#13;
framework. High debt creates uncertainty, deterring investment and innovation, and has a&#13;
negative impact on economic growth. Unsustainable debt burdens compel governments to&#13;
spend more on debt servicing and less on public service delivery. It is therefore recommended&#13;
that, the government needs to establish a clear legal and organisational framework on public&#13;
debt, expand the revenue base and debts auditing.</text>
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                <text>INTERSECTING DIGITAL GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN&#13;
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                <text>The advent of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the internet has&#13;
revolutionalised the manner in which governments and citizens interact as well as service&#13;
delivery models. Digital tools have the potential to promote sustainable economic&#13;
transformation and development within the 21st Century by ensuring that governments attain&#13;
cost efficiency and effectiveness gains. The successful attainment of Agenda 2030 has become&#13;
a priority for all governments across the globe and Africa is no exception. There is&#13;
acknowledgement that the Agenda 2030 can be driven by digitisation efforts. However, there&#13;
is little scholarly evidence which indicates how digital tools can be incorporated in SDGs&#13;
implementation in Africa. The study adopted extant secondary qualitative literature as the&#13;
research method. Findings, conclusions and recommendations were drawn from documentary&#13;
books, journal articles, working papers and government reports. This study focused on&#13;
examining how ICTs can be incorporated in the SDGs’ implementation trajectory, progress&#13;
made and challenges being faced. The study findings established that despite progress made in&#13;
adopting ICTs by several African countries, most of them have failed to fully embrace ICTs in&#13;
driving the implementation of SDGs. African countries are facing underlying problems which&#13;
include digital divide, lack of political will, lack of skills and limited funding, among others,&#13;
which have been a hindrance towards their digitisation efforts. The study recommended that&#13;
governments in Africa have to invest in regulatory and policy frameworks, source adequate&#13;
funding for digital projects and educate the general populace on ICTs</text>
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                <text>Information Communication Technology (ICT) has been a significant contributor to the growth&#13;
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technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, Internet of Things&#13;
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adopting emerging technologies whilst small holder farmers and communal farmers are faced&#13;
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low capacity, among other challenges. To promote innovation and growth of digital agriculture&#13;
solutions, the government of Zimbabwe could consider enacting tax incentives for companies&#13;
and organisations developing services that drive rural adoption, especially among farmers and&#13;
other agricultural value chain actors</text>
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                <text>THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN REVENUE MANAGEMENT IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>The government of Zimbabwe has continued with the economic management of protectionism since independence in 1980, which was being used by the former colonial government. The new black government embarked on huge expenditure on capital (infrastructure) such as roads, schools and hospitals and this drove up government spending against government revenue. Despite efforts to optimise revenue, the nation’s socio-economic conditions have worsened and are marked by a high inflationary environment, low utilisation of industrial capacity and decreases in Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The financial flexibility is limited due to weak tax revenue performance amidst increasing current spending and a shrinking tax foundation. Poor revenue collections from the formal economy have compelled the government to resort to the taxation of the informal economy, but the big challenge is that the government seems reluctant to embrace technology for the taxation in this sector, yet technology has already advanced such that developing countries are already embracing emerging technology like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in revenue management. The research aims to evaluate the revenue structure in Zimbabwe, challenges affecting revenue generation in Zimbabwe and the role of AI in revenue optimisation. The research made use of extant qualitative research methods. Research findings indicate that revenue generation in Zimbabwe is mostly affected by complex tax system, capacity constraints, smuggling, corruption, low tax morale, inadequate information and inadequate checks and balance. The role of AI in revenue optimisation includes revenue forecasting, assessing economic conditions, real time policy adjustments, detecting fraud and corruption, identifying tax inefficiencies and optimizing resource allocation. It can be concluded that, by employing AI-driven predictive models, the government can allocate tax revenue more precisely to fund infrastructure projects, such as healthcare facilities, schools and roads, ultimately improving living standards and economic outcomes in underdeveloped regions.</text>
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                <text>KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES REGARDING&#13;
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                <text>HIV and AIDS have caused serious impacts on sustainable development in all sectors of the economy&#13;
including higher education. The need to assess risk in higher education in Africa is lacking. This piece of work&#13;
adds on to existing knowledge on HIV and AIDS among higher education institutions on knowledge, attitudes and&#13;
practices regarding the epidemic. An HIV and AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices analysis was conducted&#13;
among university employees. Data was collected using 100 questionnaires and 12 in-depth interviews from both&#13;
academic and non academic staff and descriptive statistics were used to analyse data from questionnaires and&#13;
thematic content analysis was carried out to analyse interviews. The results show that there are high knowledge&#13;
levels above 80% of HIV and AIDS, STIs among both academic and non-academic staff of all age groups and there&#13;
is no significant difference between age groups and job categories. Reported attitudes show low risk attitudes. This&#13;
however does not require that universities should not implement comprehensive HIV and AIDS programmes&#13;
because the impact of the epidemic can not be ignored.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research </text>
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                <text>EQUITY ON INFORMATION ACCESS OF LIBRARY SERVICES TO STUDENTS WITH SENSORY DISABILITIES AT SELECTED UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>This study examines equity of information access for students with sensory disabilities relating to visual and hearing impairments at university libraries in Harare, Zimbabwe, identifying barriers and opportunities for inclusive library services. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating surveys, interviews and observational assessments across three major university libraries: University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Open University, and Midlands State University (Harare Campus). The study involved 35 students with sensory disabilities, 15 library staff members and accessibility audits of physical and digital library environments. Findings reveal significant inequities in information access, with physical inaccessibility of libraries, lack of infrastructure to support assistive technologies, and inadequately trained staff being primary barriers. Digital accessibility gaps were particularly pronounced, with navigation difficulties, incompatibility with access tools and inadequate labelling of links preventing effective use of online resources. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between assistive technology availability and staff knowledge (r = .65, p &lt; .01), and strong negative correlations between accessibility improvements and academic challenges (r = –.60, p &lt; .01). The study provides actionable recommendations for university administrators and librarians to improve accessibility and ensure equitable information access. This is the first comprehensive study examining sensory disability accessibility across multiple university libraries in Zimbabwe, contributing to limited African literature on this topic.</text>
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                <text>THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN SHAPING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND BRAND&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>This study explored the role of social media in shaping consumer behaviour and brand&#13;
engagement among the youth in Masvingo, Zimbabwe. Using a mixed-methods paradigm, the&#13;
research combined quantitative data from 351 respondents and qualitative insights from 20&#13;
interviewees to examine how social media influences purchasing decisions, brand loyalty, and&#13;
consumer attitudes. A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure representation&#13;
across key demographic variables such as age, gender, and education level. Findings revealed&#13;
that social media platforms, particularly WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram, played a pivotal&#13;
role in shaping consumer behaviour, with 68% of the respondents acknowledging the direct&#13;
influence of social media ads and influencer recommendations. Thematic analysis highlighted&#13;
the importance of trust, authenticity, peer influence, and emotional connections with brands.&#13;
Additionally, the study identified platform-specific behaviours and contextual factors, such as&#13;
economic constraints and hybrid shopping preferences that shape consumer behaviour in&#13;
Masvingo. The results underscored the transformative role of social media in driving brand&#13;
loyalty and purchase decisions, offering valuable insights for marketers and businesses&#13;
targeting youth in emerging markets. </text>
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                <text>KNOWLEDGE AND UPTAKE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES BY ADULT RESIDENTS IN NESHURO GROWTH POINT, MWENEZI DISTRICT&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>This study investigated the knowledge and uptake of psychological services among adult residents of Neshuro growth point, Mwenezi District. It aimed to inform strategies for enhancing social integration through applied psychology within Neshuro community. The research is based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), which argues that individuals’ perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers to health behaviours influence their uptake of health-related services. Despite Zimbabwe’s growing emphasis on mental health, psychological services remain underutilised, particularly in rural areas. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the community's understanding of psychological services, factors influencing their utilisation and barriers to access. Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 80 adult residents aged 18 and above from Neshuro growth point. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews from 10 key informants, including local health workers, community leaders and social service professionals. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics to assess awareness levels and uptake patterns. Thematic analysis complemented by discourse analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Findings revealed low awareness of psychological services, with only 40% of respondents understanding their purpose. Chi-square tests highlighted significant associations between education levels and awareness (χ2=12.47, df=3, p=0.006). Thematic analysis identified stigma, cultural misconceptions and high cost as primary barriers. Discourse analysis further revealed how societal narratives perpetuate mistrust in formal psychological services. The study recommended targeted, culturally sensitive public health campaigns utilising trusted community leaders, integration of formal and informal healing systems and decentralised, affordable service delivery models to enhance psychological service utilisation in Zimbabwean growth points. As an innovative contribution, the study proposed the CACIM Framework, which offers a novel model for embedding formal psychological care within indigenous support structures.</text>
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                <text>PERSONAL ACCOUNTS OF TEACHERS ON FACTORS AFFECTING&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to determine what the factors affecting quality. The study was&#13;
basically qualitative. Personal accounts of teachers were sought yielding qualitative&#13;
data. The research employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of&#13;
263 teachers from four districts of Masvingo province in Zimbabwe was chosen using&#13;
the convenience sampling technique. The study found out that departmental members&#13;
were clear about the vision towards which they were working at, had a reasonable&#13;
understanding of what excellence entailed and hailed the department for teamwork.&#13;
However, they insisted that the need for staff growth, matching resources, research&#13;
culture, communication, tutorial package, incentives and proper assessment&#13;
management are prerequisites for departmental excellence in open and distance&#13;
learning. The study among others recommended that the idea of excellence be&#13;
pursued, backed by recourses, training, incentives and a research culture.</text>
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                <text>European Social Sciences Research Journal</text>
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                <text>A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF FACTORS HINDERING A- LEVEL STUDENTS&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to investigate factors hindering increased access to higher education in&#13;
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failing to get the opportunity to university education yet higher education is the driver to&#13;
knowledge creation, knowledge generation and innovation. The study employed the&#13;
qualitative methodology informed by the interpretive philosophy. The case study design was&#13;
employed in this study. Purposive sampling was employed to select information rich cases&#13;
who in this case are A-level students who were pursuing teacher training in colleges and dean&#13;
of students of colleges and universities. Open-ended questionnaires, semi-structured&#13;
interviews focus groups and document analysis were the data generation tools. For data&#13;
presentation and analysis, the constant comparative method was employed and themes were&#13;
generated. The major findings of the study were that high achieving students are training as&#13;
teachers yet they have points that qualify them to go to university. Policy issues, economic&#13;
challenges, culture, gender and discrimination emerged as issues hindering potential students’&#13;
access to university education. The study concluded that there are barriers hindering&#13;
Advanced-Level high achieving students’ access to university. In view of the conclusions&#13;
above, the study recommends that educational policy on access to universities, be interpreted&#13;
and implemented holistically. It is further recommended that the government avail funds and&#13;
resource materials towards access to university and more information on access be&#13;
disseminated to schools through, radios, newspapers and workshops. From the findings an&#13;
emergent model has been crafted to illuminate haze ideas on how to increase access to&#13;
university education in Zimbabwe</text>
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