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                <text>AN EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING SERVICES&#13;
OFFERED TO STUDENTS IN GWANDA URBAN AND PERI-URBAN&#13;
SECONDARY SCHOOLS&#13;
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                <text>SANITARY PROVISIONS FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN&#13;
THE 21ST CENTURY AND BRIDGING THE GAP THROUGH&#13;
COLLABORATIVE RESEARCHES&#13;
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                <text>GILLIET CHIGUNWE&#13;
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                <text>SCHISTOSOMIASIS AN ISSUE IN FLOOD PRONE AREA OF&#13;
DAMBAKURIMAWARD 1, MUZARABANI DISTRICT OF&#13;
ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>ANYWAY KATANHA &#13;
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                <text>The study focused on community, perception of schistosomiasis during floods. Random sampling was used to select the&#13;
respondents. A Sample of 100 household was chosen to respond to questionnaires and a focus group interview of the community&#13;
members was done. The study embraced the entire Dambakurima Ward 1 and its nearest health Centre. Questionnaires, field&#13;
observation and interview were used, as data collection instruments. The study established that schistosomasis is the most prevalent&#13;
diseases during floods and other factors like religious beliefs contributed to the spread and effects of the diseases in Dambakurima&#13;
Ward, as people have high frequent contact with polluted water bodies that harbor the parasites. The study also established that the&#13;
community were aware of the high prevalence of schistosomiasis problems in the area, but lacked the knowledge on how to control it.&#13;
Hence in their ignorance, present themselves again to multiple infections after successful treatment.Focus group discussions revealed&#13;
that 80% of the respondents linked the high prevalent of schistosomiasis to climate change and there was evidence of uncoordinated&#13;
approach among the various stakeholders, who try to help these community to reduce parasitism density among the population. Though&#13;
there is a nearby clinic, access to information and education has been a challenge because of religious reasons. The study recommends&#13;
total involvement of all stakeholders in the control of the disease. Mass screening of the group should be done followed by treatment.&#13;
Well structured awareness campaigns should be done before the onset of rain season. The study recommends environmental education&#13;
which focus on climate change, disease control and understanding of indigenous knowledge discourse like the use of phytolacca&#13;
dodecandra which is a plant that grows naturally</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)</text>
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                <text>SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES AND THEORETICAL PARADIGMS IN SOCIAL&#13;
SCIENCES&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>DR S.B.M. MARUME&#13;
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                <text> R.R. JUBENKANDA</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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                <text>SELECTED SOCIAL POLICY ISSUES: ACCESS TO AND USE OF POTABLE WATER BY&#13;
PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN NYAKATONDO AND FOYA VILLAGES (MOUNT&#13;
DARWIN DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE)&#13;
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                <text>TOM TOM&#13;
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                <text>The purpose of the study was to analyse access to potable water by people with disabilities in&#13;
Nyakatondo and Foya villages in Mount Darwin district. This district is located in Mashonaland&#13;
Central Province in Zimbabwe. The study was influenced by the lack of empirical studies on water&#13;
and disability and the acute potable water problems in the two villages. The researchers applied&#13;
ethnography to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the problem. The study aims to improve&#13;
the access to potable water by people with disabilities in the two villages. This overall aim can only&#13;
be achieved through appropriate understanding of the factors constraining access to potable water&#13;
by people with disabilities. The study shows that access to potable water is a serious development&#13;
problem in the two villages and generally the northern and north eastern parts of the district due to&#13;
low rainfall levels, low underground water levels and salty water. These problems imply that potable&#13;
water poverty is high in the two villages and the other parts of the district. The existence of merely&#13;
one borehole for each of these two villages that is located far from the villages poses potable water&#13;
challenges for people with disabilities and everyone else. Prioritisation of water development and&#13;
convenient water delivery are key recommendations for the transformation of the wellbeing of people&#13;
with disabilities and everyone else. The improved water services in the villages should also entail the&#13;
designing and redesigning of water facilities to enhance accessibility, access, usability and safety for&#13;
people with disabilities</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Social Science and Economics Invention (IJSSEI</text>
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        <name>Access</name>
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                <text>SEX/AGE OF KID/LAMB AND DAM AGE/PARITY AND MANAGING DAM NUTRITION AS DETERMINANTS OF MORTALITY IN SMALL RUMINANTS&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>NEVER ASSAN</text>
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                <text>Mortality is one of the prime after effect on viability of commercial&#13;
goat and sheep meat production efficiency, through its consequential&#13;
compromised ewe/doe performance and economic losses in production.&#13;
Several factors are potential determinants of kid/lamb mortality such as&#13;
birth type, sex and age, birth weight, dam’s milk yield, parity order, dam&#13;
age, dam weight and condition etc. However, the present review will&#13;
focus on sex/age of kid/lamb, dam age and parity, and dam&#13;
nutrition/season as determinants of kid/lamb mortality. Although results on the influence of sex on mortality has been inconsistent, several studies have reported a trend where mortality rates have been sex biased in goat and sheep. Male kids/lambs have lower survival rates and higher mortality hazard ratios as compared to female kids/lambs.&#13;
Mortality is highest during the initial phase of kid/lamb life and have a propensity to decline as age progresses. Kids/lambs delivered to low parity order dams have low chances of survival due to poor maternal instinct. The advancement of maternal behavior gets better with parity order, as parity order progresses maternal instinct is consolidated. On the other hand, improvement in dam nutrition will enhance dam milking capacity which has been associated with high survivability of kids/lambs. This entails understanding of nutritional management of dams becomes an essential tool to curtail mortality in goats and sheep. Kidding/lambing season should coincide with seasonal availability of high quality forage to feed nursing dams hence high survivability of kids/lambs. The present discussion will give an insight on the influence of sex/age, dam parity and dam nutrition/season as determinants of mortality in goat and sheep meat production</text>
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                <text>Scientific Journal of Crop Science</text>
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                <text>SEX, AGE OF ANIMAL AND WEIGHT AT SLAUGHTER AS EXPLANATORY VARIABLES FOR CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY PROPERTIES IN GOATS AND SHEEP PRODUCTION&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>NEVER ASSAN</text>
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                <text>Slaughtering kids/lambs at specified age and weight of&#13;
specialized goat and sheep meat breeds might promote high muscle&#13;
deposition and a desirable carcass fat cover, culminating into meat&#13;
with a more adequate nutritional profile and health properties for&#13;
human consumption. In this case, animal factors such as sex, age and&#13;
weight at slaughter play a central role as the primary explanatory&#13;
variables on meat yield and quality of carcass parameters in goat and&#13;
sheep production. The discussion on determinants of carcass and&#13;
meat quality properties is complex given that the diversity of goat&#13;
and sheep meat breeds, both early and late maturing is considerable,&#13;
over and above exploited as is the practice in non-identical&#13;
production systems. Of interest goats and sheep in most cases are&#13;
accordingly slaughtered at different weights and age, and on the&#13;
other hand, specific markets have preferred sex of animal for&#13;
slaughter. However, taking cognisance of the above, carcass and&#13;
meat parameters are influenced by various non-genetic effects,&#13;
hence the knowledge on these factors and their interactions&#13;
becomes of paramount importance in order to produce desirable&#13;
meat quality for specified markets and consumers’ preference. A&#13;
linear relationship between carcass yield with age at slaughter has&#13;
been reported in goats and sheep, there is a tendency of carcass&#13;
weight increasing as the age of the animal increases. Sex dependency&#13;
on carcass and meat parameters has been inconsistent in goats and&#13;
sheep, however, most studies show that sex greatly influence carcass&#13;
and meat quality properties. Compromised dressing percentage in&#13;
goats and sheep due to higher slaughter weight, could be explained&#13;
by the lightest animals lacking perfectly developed digestive tracts.&#13;
Against this background, age at slaughter explicitly influences meat&#13;
quality, particularly with regards to tenderness of meat derived from&#13;
young animals. The differential carcass status in young and mature&#13;
animals is due to increased fat deposition in older animals than in&#13;
younger ones, while fat tissue increases with increased slaughter&#13;
weights. Complexity of determination of desirable carcass and meat&#13;
parameters is ascribable to interaction of many variables, hence it is&#13;
imperative to appreciate the role of each component by&#13;
appropriately factoring their influence in any slaughter decision,&#13;
where animals could be slaughtered at given age and weight to meet&#13;
specified objectives of a particular market requirements. Producers&#13;
operating in different production systems might not duplicate factors&#13;
such as age, weight and sex of slaughter because they utilise&#13;
different genotypes, and the prescribed nutritional regime in non-&#13;
identical production systems will weigh heavily on the outcome of&#13;
carcass and meat parameters. The interaction of all these factors&#13;
(genotype and non-genetic factors) at different levels as influenced&#13;
by the market expectations will decide the economics of goat and&#13;
sheep meat production. This present review will give an insight on&#13;
some non-genetic effects that influence carcass and meat quality&#13;
properties namely sex, age and weight at slaughter&#13;
&#13;
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1239">
                <text>Scientific Journal of Review</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2020</text>
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        <name>Age</name>
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      <tag tagId="132">
        <name>Carcass</name>
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        <name>Goat</name>
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      <tag tagId="133">
        <name>Meat</name>
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        <name>Sex</name>
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        <name>Sheep</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>SHUTTING THEM OUT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION IN ZIMBABWEAN POLITICS - A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1242">
                <text>E.S. GUDHLANGA</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1243">
                <text>Journal of Third World Studies</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1244">
                <text>2013</text>
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      <tag tagId="595">
        <name>Women in politics</name>
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      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Zimbabwe</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>DR. S. B. M. MARUME&#13;
</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1247">
                <text> R. R. JUBENKANDA&#13;
 </text>
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                <text>C. W. NAMUSI</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>It is recognized that Public Administration and Business Administration are both academic subjects and both deal with&#13;
human behaviour. Although they share the use of certain auxiliary subjects as specialties or as tools, they have distinct fields of study&#13;
and subject matter. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the areas of similarities or commonness, on the one hand, and, on the&#13;
other hand and differences between them. Amongst the most significant difference between them is the milieu</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1250">
                <text>SIMILARITIES, DIFFERENCES, FACTORS AND POINT OF VIEW</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1251">
                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>differences</name>
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        <name>factors and point of view.</name>
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      <tag tagId="599">
        <name>similarities</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="81">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>ISSUES AND CONCERNS IN PRO POOR COMMUNITY BASED CATTLE BREEDING PROGRAM IN BULILIMAMANGWE DISTRICT OF ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>A. NCUBE&#13;
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                <text>A.B. DUBEA</text>
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                <text>C.T. KHOMBEA&#13;
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                <text>N. ASSAN</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Cattle rearing plays a crucial role in the semi arid communal&#13;
areas of Zimbabwe, as a result any developmental strategy that is&#13;
aimed at improving household livelihood in these areas should target&#13;
cattle production. The objective of the study was to assess the&#13;
impact of introducing improved indigenous cattle beef breeds in&#13;
Bulilima District of Matabeleland South in Zimbabwe. The study was&#13;
carried out in Masendu ward comprising of six villages of Luvuluma,&#13;
Mambo, Tjeboroma, Makumbi, Thandawani and Muke. A random&#13;
sample of 13 livestock farmers were selected from participants of the&#13;
Kellogg Foundation communal areas indigenous cattle (Tuli, Afrikaner&#13;
and Nguni) improvement program through a donation of improved&#13;
indigenous beef cattle bulls. Semi-structured questionnaires were&#13;
used to collect data on household demographics, socioeconomic&#13;
factors, herd structure, management practices and constraints in&#13;
cattle breeding program. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed&#13;
using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 2008) computer&#13;
software in order to generate descriptive statistics such as means&#13;
and frequencies or percentages. The study revealed an interesting&#13;
scenario on household demographics; the majority of the farmers&#13;
had formal education, with only 7.7% not having attained any formal&#13;
education. As a result of Kellogg Foundation bull donations some&#13;
farmers (15.4%) increased their herd size to more than 30 cattle&#13;
which improved their social status in the areas. Farmers interviewed&#13;
showed that they were motivated to keep improved breeds with&#13;
least more than half of the farmers reporting that the bulls to a&#13;
certain extent increased the number of cows serviced within the&#13;
community herds. Poor animal condition was reported in cattle herds&#13;
due to the inadequate supply of both water and nutrition, the latter&#13;
being caused by lack of good grazing. It was noted that government&#13;
support was necessary in infrastructure development in order to&#13;
improve community based cattle breeding programs. The need to&#13;
organise market to encourage smallholder farmers to sell their&#13;
animals was also cited. There was a belief that better prices were&#13;
achievable at local markets if the communal herd was genetically&#13;
improved for important economic traits. Therefore, the key&#13;
conclusion was that communal farmers had a positive perception on&#13;
improving the communal cattle herds. This warranted a multi-&#13;
sectoral approach to address different challenges that militate&#13;
against high cattle productivity in communal areas</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1258">
                <text>Scientific Journal of Animal Science</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1259">
                <text>2015</text>
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        <name>Cattle breeding</name>
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        <name>Community based</name>
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                <text>SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF MALE CIRCUMCISION AS&#13;
PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST HIV/AIDS IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1261">
                <text>ANTONY CHIKUTSA &#13;
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                <text>PRANITHA MAHARAJ </text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1263">
                <text>The World Health Organisation recommended the scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision&#13;
(VMMC) as an additional HIV prevention method in 2007 and several countries with high HIV prevalence rates&#13;
including Zimbabwe have since adopted the procedure. Since then researchers have been preoccupied with&#13;
establishing the level of knowledge and acceptability of circumcision in communities that did not traditionally&#13;
circumcise. Despite evidence to suggest that knowledge and acceptability of voluntary medical male circumcision is&#13;
high, there is also emerging evidence that suggest that uptake of circumcision among men has been below&#13;
expectations. The purpose of this study was thus to investigate people’s representations of male circumcision&#13;
that may influence its uptake.</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
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                <text> BMC Public Health</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1265">
                <text>2015</text>
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        <name>HIV prevention</name>
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        <name>Male circumcision</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>SOCIAL SERVICES IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE FAST TRACK LAND REFORM&#13;
PROGRAMME (FTLRP): THE CASE OF MUPFURUDZI FARM (SHAMVA DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE)&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>TOM TOM</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1268">
                <text>The impacts and outcomes of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) are varied, complex&#13;
and often misunderstood due to lack of empirical studies. The researcher sought to understand the state of&#13;
social services and social services needs in the aftermath of the FTLRP at Mupfurudzi farm in Shamva district.&#13;
A mixed methods approach was applied and the study shows that the land beneficiaries at the farm are&#13;
experiencing problems in accessing quality education, health care, transport services and potable water. The&#13;
land beneficiaries are not passively experiencing these problems; they are actively responding to these&#13;
problems through social organisation and agency. However, the land beneficiaries’ efforts should be&#13;
complemented by the other development actors. All the stakeholders on community and national development&#13;
should network and collaborate on social services delivery to the new farming communities and Zimbabwe at&#13;
large. Appropriate policy interventions should be informed by empirical studies</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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        <name>agrarian reform</name>
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        <name>development</name>
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                <text>SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF COMMERCIALIZATION&#13;
OF SMALLHOLDER RABBIT PRODUCTION IN MT DARWIN&#13;
DISTRICT OF ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>DELIWE SYLVESTER&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>CLAYTON MASHAPA&#13;
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                <text>A study was conducted to analyze the socio-economic factors influencing commercialization of rabbit production in&#13;
communal areas of Mt Darwin district of Zimbabwe. A study sample of 85 smallholder rabbit farmers was randomly&#13;
selected across the study area. Data were collected by means of questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and&#13;
inferential statistics. Results revealed that 81.2% of respondents had attained some form of education and 63.5% had&#13;
more than 6 years of rabbit farming experience. It was also observed that access to agricultural extension services,&#13;
rabbit producer price, agricultural education and experience in rabbit keeping significantly (P &lt; 0.05) influenced&#13;
commercialization of rabbit farming by the farmers. It was concluded that improved access to agricultural extension&#13;
services by a farmer, good rabbit producer prices, level of agricultural training attained by a farmer and years of&#13;
rabbit farming experience of a farmer ease farmer’s ability to adopt commercial rabbit production and hence a higher&#13;
production level. It was recommended that Zimbabwe national government create an enabling environment that&#13;
promotes adequate technology transfer to farmers. Also, an investment in agro-industries that deal with the value&#13;
chain components of rabbitory could be embarked upon by the government in order to improve on value-addition by&#13;
farmers which would in-turn lead to more favourable prices</text>
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                <text>Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>Commercialization</name>
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        <name>farmer</name>
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        <name>rabbitry</name>
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        <name>Smallholder</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="161">
        <name>Socio-Economic</name>
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                <text>INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE REVISED EDITION&#13;
SOCRATIC DIALECTICS AND THE BANKING CONCEPT OF&#13;
EDUCATION: A COMPARATIVE PARADIGM&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>DR. FRANCIS EKANEM&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>DR. THERESA F. EKANEM&#13;
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                <text>MR. EMMANUEL I. ARCHIBONG</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In the domain of teacher-student interaction, via educational process, the ideal pedagogical praxis has&#13;
been in dispute. For instance, while Socrates regarded his role as a mid-wife, who helps others bring to&#13;
birth their innermost ideas, thus making education an extracting affair, its polar counterpart is the banking&#13;
model where knowledge is deposited on the students akin to a doctor-patient relationship. The implication&#13;
of these two contrasting views is that education becomes active on one hand, and passive on the other,&#13;
and either overtly, or covertly, this system has formed a sublime practice, in most countries, educational&#13;
objectives. This paper examines the two systems of education with a view to comparatively exposing its&#13;
tenets, thus opening us further to re-assessing our hitherto held method whether it has really captured the&#13;
essence of education, thereby envisaging a paradigm-shift.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1284">
                <text>Zimbabwe International Journal of Open &amp; Distance Learning</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2011</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="81">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>SOURCES AND CAUSES OF CONFLICT THAT EXIST BETWEEN LOCALS AND&#13;
REGULATORY BOARDS ON BIO-DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT:&#13;
A CASE FOR BINDURA RURAL/URBAN DWELLERS AND THE FORESTRY&#13;
COMMISSION&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>RITTAH KASOWE</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The study sought to establish sources and causes of conflict that exist between locals and regulatory boards on&#13;
bio-diversity management in Bindura rural/urban dwellers and the Forestry Commission. According to&#13;
Zimbabwean laws, community is the owner of environment hence they have to control it .The society seem to&#13;
be economically and socially forced by the situation to destroy their environment for example the erratic power&#13;
cuts in urban set up force urban residence to depend on natural energy that is firewood for their domestic use.&#13;
The community however continues to compete in the cutting of trees expediting the destruction of the&#13;
environment. The forestry commission preserves the environment by stipulating measures against the&#13;
destruction of forests. (Forestry Commission Act). This however is a source of conflict since the community&#13;
claims it owns the forests and should depend on it whilst the forestry commission’s legislative board guards&#13;
against the destruction of the environment. The significance of the study was to come up with solutions of&#13;
reducing deforestation and preserving the environment without causing conflict amongst regulatory boards and&#13;
the community. The study was a descriptive survey which sought to establish views and perceptions of&#13;
randomly selected concerned parties in the bio-diversity management and preservation. The main questions&#13;
raised in this scenario were, was the community aware of their rights pertaining to cutting of trees in the forests?&#13;
How best could the Forestry Commission Act be incorporated so as to inform the community? How can the&#13;
conflict that do exist between the Forestry commission and the community be resolved</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1289">
                <text>Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>Bindura dwelle</name>
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        <name>deforestation</name>
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        <name>environment</name>
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        <name>orestry commission</name>
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  <item itemId="207" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>MORINGA (MORINGA OLEIFERA) LEAF EXTRACTS INHIBIT&#13;
SPORE GERMINATION OF ALTERNARIA SOLANI, CAUSAL&#13;
AGENT OF EARLY BLIGHT DISEASE OF TOMATO (SOLANUM&#13;
LYCOPERSICUM)&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>CULVER MVUMI</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1293">
                <text>ELIZABETH NGADZE&#13;
</text>
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                <text>DIANA MARAIS</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1295">
                <text> ELSA S DU TOIT </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1296">
                <text>BRIGHTON M MVUMI</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Alternaria solani is highly infective and can sporulate on tomato at 13.2 × 10 6 spores mL−1. The fungicidal effect of&#13;
Moringa oleifera leaf chloroform and aqueous extracts (MLCE and MLAE, respectively) was investigated in vitro&#13;
to determine the inhibitory effect on germination of spores (conidia) of A. solani. Mixtures of spore suspension&#13;
and MLCE, as well as MLAE (1:1), were prepared and dropped on slides by micropipette with 20 μL spore&#13;
suspension of A. solani and 20 μL of MLCE and MLAE. The two treatments, MLCE and MLAE, were applied at&#13;
four concentrations (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg mL−1) and compared with negative (distilled water; no extracts)&#13;
and positive (diflucan, a commercial fungicide) controls with five replicates. The two extracts showed relatively&#13;
high inhibitory effects on the germination of conidia from the lowest to the highest concentration. Germination&#13;
of conidia decreased with increase in the concentrations of the extracts. The study showed that 250 mg mL−1 is&#13;
the optimum concentration for both MLCE and MLAE. The highest concentration inhibited germination (0.0%)&#13;
in both extracts. Based on the results from the present study, MLCE and MLAE are both effective in inhibiting&#13;
germination of A. solani conidia</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1298">
                <text>South African Journal of Plant and Soil</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2017</text>
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        <name>conidia germination</name>
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      <tag tagId="616">
        <name>early blight</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="617">
        <name>Moringa oleifera leaves</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="618">
        <name>solvents</name>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="81">
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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                <text>STORAGE TEMPERATURE AFFECTS FRUIT QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF&#13;
BER (ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA LAMK.) IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>LOVEJOY TEMBO&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1302">
                <text> Z. A. CHITEKA&#13;
I</text>
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                <text>RENE KADZERE&#13;
 </text>
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                <text>FESTUS K. AKINNIFESI&#13;
</text>
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                <text>F. TAGWIRA</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Fruit utilization is affected by quality attributes and shelf life. The quality of Jujube or Ber (Ziziphus&#13;
mauritiana Lamk.) fruits after harvest depends on storage conditions used. In this study, different&#13;
storage temperatures and durations were evaluated to determine the appropriate storage conditions of&#13;
fresh fruits of Z. mauritiana. Three storage temperature levels, low (5oC), intermediate (15oC) and&#13;
ambient (22oC) were evaluated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks storage durations. Fruits stored at low&#13;
temperature lost only 48% of their weight during the entire 12 week storage period while the fruits&#13;
stored in the ambient and intermediate temperature ranges lost 70 and 75% of weight, respectively. At&#13;
three weeks of storage, more than 40% of fruits had shrivelled under the ambient and intermediate&#13;
storage temperatures compared to only 3% under the low storage temperature. It is concluded that cold&#13;
storage condition can prolong the shelf life of Z. mauritiana fruits</text>
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                <text>STRATEGIES AND APPROACHES TO SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Livestock is a dominant agricultural activity in Sub Saharan&#13;
Africa, which is generally considered a key asset for most rural&#13;
population and contribute to the livelihoods and nutrition of purely&#13;
subsistence households. This discussion is a synthesis of possible&#13;
strategies to consider for sustaianble livestock production, focusing&#13;
on issues of climate change, gender, smallholder livestock support&#13;
and use of indigenous knowledge systems, and how these may&#13;
influence livestock production. There are many measures which&#13;
need to be explored with the aim of making the livestock systems&#13;
become driving forces of sustainable agricultural development. One&#13;
of the major factors responsible for the declining livestock&#13;
productivity in the region is the relegation to the background of the&#13;
contributions of women in the issues of livestock production. On the&#13;
other hand, climate change and variability is now widely regarded&#13;
as the most serious challenge facing Sub Saharan Africa, with&#13;
consequences that go far beyond the effects on the environment,&#13;
hence affecting most communities indiscriminately. Despite the&#13;
negative impact of climate change on livestock production and&#13;
biodiversity conservation, poor resources peasant famers are&#13;
incentivized to engage in these activities because of the wide&#13;
spectrum of benefits accrued, such as cash income, food, manure,&#13;
draft power and hauling services, savings and insurance, and social status and social capital. Since time immemmorial, indigenous&#13;
livestock knowledge systems have been used in smallholder livestock&#13;
farming sector, while strengthening livestock productivity. These are&#13;
some of the key aspects in promoting livestock development,&#13;
through economically and socially empowering local communities,&#13;
and consequently providing a way to enable rural communities to&#13;
break the cycle of poverty. In this discussion, some of the strategic&#13;
steps that can be adopted for future sustainable livestock&#13;
production, include and not limited to the following: promotion of&#13;
gender equality and equity in livestock production systems in terms&#13;
of equal access to livestock productive resources, boosting climate&#13;
change mitigation startegies, and empowering women in livestock&#13;
production decision making.</text>
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                <text>284&#13;
Scientific Journal of Animal Science</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>STRATEGY FOR A SUSTAINED QUALITY DELIVERY MODE OF ODL PROGRAMMES FOR&#13;
MASSIVE ENROLLMENTS AND E-LEARNING: THE CASE FOR ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>GABRIEL KABANDA</text>
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                <text>The market dynamics in distance education has precipitated phenomenal growth opportunities in enrollments and&#13;
e-learning. The purpose of the paper was to develop a strategy for sustained quality delivery mode of distance&#13;
education progammes that precipitate massive enrollments and e-learning in an open and distance learning (ODL)&#13;
institution using Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) as a case study. There is an increase in public accountability for&#13;
higher education which compels institutions to demonstrate quality within the programmes and processes, including&#13;
those provided online. The strategy for massive enrollments and e-learning is developed and this includes a mobile&#13;
strategy and mobile web framework. How the landscape of quality assurance has been changed by the emergence of&#13;
MOOCs is discussed. The methodology used is qualitative and focus groups were used as research designs in the case&#13;
study of Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU). Triangulation and peer review was used to test the validity of the&#13;
data. Strategic directions were developed to inform the new key result areas, goals, objectives, strategies and priorities&#13;
for the university for the period 2015-2020</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Higher Education</text>
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                <text>STRATEGY AND QUALITY ASSURANCE AT THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
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                <text>DR PRIMROSE KURASHA&#13;
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                <text>PROF TAKAWIRA C. GWARINDA&#13;
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                <text>Zimbabwe International Journal of Open &amp; Distance Learning</text>
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                <text>STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING OF UBIQUITOUS LEARNING AT ZIMBABWEAN SCHOOLS&#13;
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                <text>GABRIEL KABANDA </text>
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                <text>The study tested the application of structural&#13;
equation modelling (SEM) to ubiquitous learning of selected&#13;
Zimbabwean schools. The purpose of this study was to explore&#13;
the effect of diffusion factors toward ubiquitous learning in&#13;
Zimbabwe. The main hypothesis being tested was: “ ICT&#13;
facilities have a positive effect on the diffusion and adoption of&#13;
ubiquitous learning in Zimbabwean schools”. Three models&#13;
fundamental to SEM are confirmatory analysis, causal modes&#13;
and measurement models. A good model is parsimonious,&#13;
theoretically justifiable and reproduces the underlying&#13;
correlation matrix based on the constraints imposed. The&#13;
methodology used is quantitative where the research design is&#13;
a survey method. The SEM is a comprehensive&#13;
methodological approach that allows the analysis of the&#13;
relationships between observed variables and unobserved/&#13;
latent factors. A questionnaire and a scale were administered&#13;
to heads of computer studies to 15 selected Zimbabwean&#13;
schools in May 2012.&#13;
The successful Presidential E-learning programme is the&#13;
national beacon, vision and national policy direction that&#13;
should be pursued by all schools, colleges and universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe. All the schools surveyed were aware of the&#13;
Presidential e-learning programme. However, the adoption&#13;
and diffusion of the national e-learning programme exhibited&#13;
disintegrated efforts in implementation of computerization&#13;
projects, marginally high digital divide, cyber-bullying among&#13;
school pupils, inadequate cyber-security technical measures, a&#13;
huge appetite for computer training, computer literacy rate&#13;
for teachers ranging from 5% to 80% in some of the schools,&#13;
little evidence of integration of e-learning into the school&#13;
curricula, and shocking levels of inadequate networked&#13;
computing facilities</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering</text>
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                <text>STUDENT RETENTION AS A FUNCTION OF THE QUALITY OF LEARNER SUPPORT IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS AT THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
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                <text>DAVID CHAKUCHICHI</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1331">
                <text>Student retention is critically linked to the quality of service in open and distance learning (odl).&#13;
Peterson (1997) points out that students will form favourable perceptions regarding the quality of&#13;
their experience and decide to persist. Student retention could therefore be viewed as a function&#13;
of the learners’ perception of the quality of service and support. Low student retention rates have&#13;
a negative impact on the perception of the institution. It is, therefore, pertinent to enhance the&#13;
student retention rate in odl. The study used tinto’s model of student retention as a theoretical&#13;
base which underpins the need to satisfy students’ social and educational needs in order to retain&#13;
them. The study is a descriptive survey utilising multistage purposive sampling in order to include&#13;
students across faculties and regions. The questionnaire and in-depth interviews were the meth-&#13;
ods of data collection. The results indicated that, student retention was affected by a fees’ prizing&#13;
policy that did not take into consideration the students’ ability to pay and lack of timely supply of&#13;
learning materials. It would appear that students’ retention as a function of the affordability fac-&#13;
tor, was affected by the negative macro-economic environment existent in zimbabwe at the time&#13;
of the study</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe International Journal of Open &amp; Distance Learning Volume</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>SUBSIDIARY LEGISLATION AS A VITAL COMPONENT OF&#13;
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                <text>DR. S. B. M. MARUME&#13;
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                <text>C.W. NAMUSI&#13;
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                <text> N. C. MADZIYIRE&#13;
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                <text>Administrative law is the law relating to the administration of the State. Administration is the systematically detailed and&#13;
practical implementation of the policies of the central government aimed at the smooth running of the entire State</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>Administrative law</name>
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        <name>and court controls.</name>
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        <name>primary and subsidiary legislation</name>
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        <name>statutory instrument</name>
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                <text>INFLUENCE OF SUCKLING AND/OR MILKING METHOD ON YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN&#13;
DAIRY ANIMALS&#13;
&#13;
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          <element elementId="39">
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                <text>N. ASSAN</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Achieving the maximum marketable milk yield with a high fat&#13;
and protein content is desirable to producers to increase farm&#13;
profitability. The present discussion points to the fact that rearing&#13;
systems and milking method used affect either milk yield or milk&#13;
composition during the entire lactation. Increased milk production&#13;
elicited by suckling is probably due to the additional stimulus of the&#13;
mammary gland, and is associated with improved mammary&#13;
development through regulation of secretion of hormone during&#13;
this period with markedly increase in milk. Dairy farmers can take&#13;
advantage of suckling stimulus as a management tool combined with&#13;
stipulated frequency of machine milking to increase milk production.&#13;
Restricted suckling may increase total milk production without&#13;
reducing milk available for human consumption or sale. The present&#13;
discussion explores the consequences of different milking methods&#13;
and/or suckling in dairy production enterprises for improving yield&#13;
and milk composition in dairy animals</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1345">
                <text>1&#13;
Scientific Journal of Zoology</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2015</text>
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      <tag tagId="113">
        <name>composition</name>
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        <name>Milking</name>
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        <name>Suckling</name>
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        <name>yield</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>SUNFLOWER BASED RATIONS FOR SMALL-MEDIUM MILK PRODUCING DAIRY COWS</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1348">
                <text>N.T. NGONGONI &#13;
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                <text>C. MAPIYE  &#13;
</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1350">
                <text>M. MWALE &#13;
 &#13;
</text>
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                <text>B. MUPETA &#13;
</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1352">
                <text> M. CHIMONYO</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Two dairy concentrates (ram press sunflower and sunflower heads) were formulated locally and&#13;
their effects on the performance of crossbred dairy cows were compared with that of a commercial dairy&#13;
concentrate. There were no significant differences in body condition and milk production responses by&#13;
crossbred dairy cows to sunflower based diets compared to commercial dairy concentrates (p &gt; 0.05). It was&#13;
suggested that the sunflower based rations can be used as cheaper alternatives to conventional dairy&#13;
concentrates. The ram press sunflower cake, in particular is an option that may be used by smallholder dairy&#13;
farmers to formulate local dairy concentrate, which influence dairying to a similar extent as the commercial&#13;
dairy concentrate but cheaply. More research is required to determine fermentation patterns, rumen microbial&#13;
protein synthesis, true intestinal digestibility and absorption of nutrients from sunflower-based diets at the&#13;
small intestines in crossbred dairy cows</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1354">
                <text>Pakistan Journal of Nutrition</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2009</text>
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        <name>milk yield</name>
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        <name>sunflower heads</name>
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