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                <text>ACHIEVING QUALITY THROUGH BENCHMARKING IN ODL INSTITUTIONS OF&#13;
HIGHER LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF ODL INSTITUTIONS IN THE SADC REGION&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>CAXTON SHONHIWA</text>
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                <text>There was a lot of interaction about benchmarking in institutions of higher learning, but there&#13;
seemed to be no clarity on whether these institutions shared an understanding of the&#13;
benchmarking concept. There also did not seem to be a clear comprehension of what criteria the&#13;
institutions employed to measure benchmarking as a determinant of quality in higher education.&#13;
This lack of clarity motivated the study, and the motivation was irrevocably strengthened by the&#13;
encouragement some governments and international organisations made to their national&#13;
institutions of higher learning to adopt benchmarking as a quality enhancement mechanism. The&#13;
qualitative paradigm was adopted as it enabled the researcher to carry out an in-depth&#13;
interrogation of benchmarking practices in the study. The case study method facilitated the&#13;
researcher’s interaction with the benchmarking phenomenon within the context of the institution.&#13;
The population of the study was composed of all the ODL institutions in the SADC region, from&#13;
which a sample of three institutions, from three countries, was chosen. An average of five&#13;
participants was purposively selected from each institution because they possessed the required&#13;
data and these came from the ranks of Senior Management, Middle Management and Lower&#13;
Management. The researcher used in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, document&#13;
analysis and observation to generate the requisite data. The generated data were coded, analysed&#13;
and interpreted to arrive at findings and conclusions. The three institutions consciously practised&#13;
benchmarking. However, the institutions practised a different type of benchmarking from the&#13;
approaches contained in the review of related literature. The employees of one institution visited&#13;
other institutions on staff exchange programmes, as assessors and markers and to attend&#13;
academic gatherings at which information, experiences and new insights were shared. The&#13;
institutions belonged to professional associations for collaborative benchmarking purposes and&#13;
shared a common understanding of benchmarking. It was concluded that the three institutions of&#13;
higher learning consciously practised benchmarking but the practice was not formalised and not&#13;
documented, leading to the absence of a feedback loop. As a way forward, the three institutions,&#13;
and others, needed to formalise and institutionalise their benchmarking practices, and create a&#13;
feedback loop</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1992">
                <text>ZOU</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1993">
                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>Benchmarking</name>
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        <name>Open and  Distance</name>
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        <name>Quality assurance</name>
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                <text>SUPPORT STRUCTURES FOR SMALL TO MEDIUM&#13;
ENTERPRISES AND THEIR POTENCY&#13;
IN EMPLOYMENT CREATION IN&#13;
GREATER MAPUTO&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1985">
                <text>ALEN GEOFFREY SAWAYA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Small and Medium Enterprises are globally credited for creating employment especially for&#13;
the youth, and to an extent, contributing to the gross domestic product of nations.&#13;
Unemployment is a scourge in Mozambique and small and medium enterprises are seen as a&#13;
solution to this universal economic problem. The study sought to answer a fundamental&#13;
research question; first, whether or not the support structures from financial institutions,&#13;
government agencies, large firms and non-governmental organizations are sufficient for&#13;
sustainable development and growth of small and medium enterprises, and second, whether&#13;
small and medium enterprises that have received support, contribute to reducing&#13;
unemployment in Greater Maputo. The study adopted the quantitative approach employing&#13;
questionnaires as tools for data collection. The sample was chosen from the population of&#13;
small and medium enterprises in Maputo using stratified random sampling method. A total&#13;
of 550 respondents were selected from the seven administrative districts of Greater Maputo&#13;
and the interviews were conducted using the face to face method employing structured,&#13;
close ended questionnaires. The study found that support afforded to small and medium&#13;
enterprises was too little for the sustainable development of this important sector of the&#13;
economy. The major Achilles‘ heel among small and medium enterprises development was&#13;
not the lack of entrepreneurial drive, rather subdued competitiveness. The study&#13;
recommended that proactive steps be implemented to support small and medium enterprises&#13;
in Greater Maputo, especially manufacturing enterprises. Financial institutions, government&#13;
agencies, large firms and non-governmental organizations should take positive action to&#13;
supports especially start-up firms as they are the source of employment creation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1987">
                <text>ZOU</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1988">
                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>Employment creation</name>
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        <name>small to medium scale enterprises</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1979">
                <text>INVESTIGATING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION DYNAMICS IN EDUCATION: THE CASE FOR MANICALAND PROVINCE - ZIMBABWE</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1980">
                <text> MESHECK GODFREY SANGO</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Community participation has been adopted world wide as a means for improving the&#13;
quality of basic education in primary schools. The aim of this study was to investigate&#13;
how community participation dynamics influenced quality of basic education in rural&#13;
primary schools in Zimbabwe.&#13;
To begin with, insights were drawn from a review of literature that focussed on local&#13;
and international perspectives on community participation in providing education.&#13;
Literature revealed that community participation had some influence on quality of&#13;
basic education provided by schools. However, literature had also warned that the&#13;
relationship between community participation and provision of quality basic&#13;
education by primary schools was not an automatic one.&#13;
In carrying out this study, a qualitative paradigm was adopted and subsequently a&#13;
qualitative multiple case study design provided the methodological framework that&#13;
guided the study. The research sites were selected on the basis of relevancy to&#13;
purpose of the study as well as convenience of access to the researcher. Data were&#13;
generated through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Additional data&#13;
were gathered through non participant observation and scrutinising of relevant&#13;
documents in the selected primary schools. A grounded theory approach in which&#13;
themes were identified was used in analysing the research data.&#13;
The study found out that community participation was being influenced by economic&#13;
and financial dynamics, social dynamics, as well as cultural dynamics and&#13;
subsequently had some negative influence on various aspects of the quality of basic&#13;
education provided by the rural primary schools. Thus, the communities had not&#13;
provided adequate support on essential educational inputs, teaching and learning&#13;
processes, and on improving the scope of the primary schools’ curriculum.&#13;
And, based on these findings, recommendations to facilitate positive influence of&#13;
community participation on quality of basic education were made. There was need&#13;
for community level mediation by Ministry of education representatives from district&#13;
level offices to balance up financial participation among community members of&#13;
different income levels. In addition, the study recommended that the primary schools&#13;
could organise community participation orientation programmes for all new parents&#13;
joining them. And, schools could also create time for children to engage in school&#13;
organised study sessions in which they could do their ‘home work’ at school.</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1982">
                <text>ZOU</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1983">
                <text>2014</text>
              </elementText>
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      <tag tagId="903">
        <name>Community dymamics</name>
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      <tag tagId="902">
        <name>Community participation</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>Education</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1974">
                <text>INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AMONG THE MAUNGWE PEOPLE: MAKONI&#13;
DISTRICT - ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1975">
                <text>&#13;
GIFT RUPANDE</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1976">
                <text>The study interrogated the intergenerational transfer of indigenous medicinal knowledge and&#13;
the psychology underpinning indigenous healing among the Maungwe people of Makoni&#13;
District. The overarching research question was how do indigenous medical practitioners&#13;
(IMPs) transfer the knowledge of indigenous medicines to the younger generation? Limited&#13;
studies on establishing factors which affect transfer of indigenous medicinal knowledge&#13;
(IMK) were done. The transactional communication model, the Afrocentric and the social&#13;
learning theories were the theoretical frameworks used in this study. The researcher adopted&#13;
interpretivism as the philosophy underpinning this qualitative study and relativist ontology.&#13;
The researcher adopted the multi-sited ethnography as a research design. The sample&#13;
consisted of three focus groups, each comprising of five participants and ten IMPs. Data&#13;
generation methods used were in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations.&#13;
Results of this study could be significant to organizations such as Zimbabwe National&#13;
Traditional Healers Association (ZINATHA), the medical fraternity, policy makers, Makoni&#13;
community, and researchers. Transfer of IMK is through apprenticeship training by the parent&#13;
or relative or through the teachings of the grandparents at the “Dare” (the meeting place) or&#13;
through observations. Ancestor initiated dreams; apprenticeship as well as being taken and&#13;
taught indigenous medicines by the mermaid under water are some of the ways of acquiring&#13;
IMK. The conclusions from this study showed that IMK is mainly in the hands of healers and&#13;
elders who are in their late forties and older. Christianity, lack of documentation of&#13;
indigenous medical practices, modernity, the disintegration of the extended family, and&#13;
secrecy of indigenous medical practitices, are some of the factors which were found to be&#13;
negatively affecting intergenerational transfer of IMK. The study recommends that IMPs&#13;
should document IMK so that this knowledge is not lost to future generations. IMPs should&#13;
not be over retentive with IMK for the benefit of the youth and other members of the society.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1977">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1978">
                <text>2019</text>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="223">
        <name>Indigenous Knowledge</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="38">
        <name>Indigenous Knowledge Systems</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1969">
                <text>CHALLENGES TO THE CENTRALITY OF TEACHING PRACTICE IN THE STUDENT TEACHERS’&#13;
PROFESSIONAL GROWTH AND COMPETENT CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT IN THE MIDLANDS&#13;
PROVINCE OF ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1970">
                <text>ROSEMARY CHRISTINE NGARA</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1971">
                <text>The study endeavoured to investigate the nature of student teacher experiences and&#13;
challenges they faced when doing Teaching Practice (TP). Additionally, the study aimed to&#13;
propose ways by which problems in Teaching Practice could be overcome to enable&#13;
teacher educators and students to attain the desired outcomes from teaching practice in a&#13;
comprehensive and effective manne</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1972">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1973">
                <text>2015</text>
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      <tag tagId="901">
        <name>classroom management</name>
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        <name>teaching practice</name>
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                <text>AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE&#13;
EXCLUSION OF NON-FORMAL WORKERS FROM&#13;
THE MOZAMBICAN SOCIAL PROTECTION&#13;
SYSTEM&#13;
</text>
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                <text>DIONÍSIO CALISTO RECAMA</text>
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                <text>This thesis was an analysis of the factors influencing the exclusion of the non-formal workers&#13;
from the Mozambique Social Protection System (MSPS). It aimed at finding mechanisms&#13;
through which the MSPS could become more comprehensive and inclusive. The social&#13;
protection system only accommodates employees from the formal sector of the economy, which&#13;
constitutes the minority of the economically active population (EAP) and also of the&#13;
Mozambican people. So, in more than 25 million of Mozambicans, of which more than 15&#13;
million are above 15 years and are EAP, of which more than 87% are out of the formal sector&#13;
and, consequently, excluded from the MSPS. In this context, the research looked out to&#13;
understand why the MSPS excludes the non-formal workers? What are the implications of this&#13;
exclusion of the non-formal workers? How the excluded workers survive in situations of illness,&#13;
invalidity, old age or death? Which mechanisms can be adopted in order to make the MSPS&#13;
more comprehensive and inclusive? To constitute the sample, it was recurred to non-probability&#13;
sampling in its convenience and purpose type, in which had employees of the National Institute&#13;
for Social Security (NISS), Municipality Council of Maputo City (MCMC), non-formal&#13;
professional associations responsible and the non-formal workers, as the research participants.&#13;
To generate data, to the sample elements, the researcher administered a questionnaire and&#13;
interview containing closed and open-ended questions. To analyse and discuss data, it was&#13;
delimited to the use of interpretivism or constructivism approach in qualitative methodology.&#13;
For presentation, analysis and discussion, it was confined to the use of technical charts and&#13;
contends analysis. As guiding theories, the study recurred to the social protection and social&#13;
network theories. Through the use of the qualitative methodology, philosophy, procedures and&#13;
theories above, it was perceived that the MSPS managed by the NISS did not include the non-&#13;
formal workers because it lacked administrative organisation to include and manage them and&#13;
because bureaucratic aspects. The NISS considered all workers that were not working at&#13;
enterprises as the non-formal, without resources to contribute to the social protection system&#13;
and difficult to find them. However, some of them were salaried, clearly locatable, with enough&#13;
financial income to contribute to the system. Moreover, some of them were continuously in&#13;
relationship with some public institutions, namely, Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF),&#13;
Ministry of Industry and Trade (MIT), MCMC and National Institute for Statistics (NIS), which&#13;
licensed and afterwards, collected fees and tax, interacted constantly and collected important&#13;
information from them, and so on. Therefore, this exclusion, besides having no objectively real&#13;
and valid reasons, condemned these non-formal workers to social and economic vulnerability in&#13;
the future when they are at social and economic risk, such as maternity, sickness, invalidity, old&#13;
age and/or death. To minimise the impact of these situations, the excluded workers adopted&#13;
informal systems for social security or constitute professional associations, through which they&#13;
face the maternity, illness, invalidity, old age and death difficulties. That is why the NISS must:&#13;
(1) develop strategic tools for the institutional management, by which should be guided in all its&#13;
actions to cover all workers, the formal or non-formal; for that, the NISS can (2) create&#13;
partnership with the non-formal professional associations and public institutions which interact&#13;
with them, because they know who and where are then, their financial and economic conditions;&#13;
(3) consolidate the use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) to facilitate&#13;
the scanning and electronic storage process of historical information of the (not)submitted&#13;
contributions to reduce the contribution evasion and inactivity of employers and workers; and&#13;
(4) develop a training plan for their employees to identify with the strategic objectives and&#13;
challenges of the institution, just to mention a few proposals. Finally, Also, it is necessary to do&#13;
a feasibility study for (1) reimbursement of the Mozambican state with respect to its&#13;
contribution rate of the non-formal workers and other segments hitherto excluded; (2) create&#13;
fiscal mechanism to provide social pensions non-contributory, i.e., welfare pensions; (3) show&#13;
the possibility to define and regulate an explicit mechanism and purpose of upgrading the&#13;
amount of benefits that can be accrued from engaging non-formal workers into the social&#13;
protection system.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1967">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2018</text>
              </elementText>
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        <name>non-formal workers</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1959">
                <text>AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EXCHANGE RATE POLICY IN MOZAMBIQUE&#13;
FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ECONOMY DURING 2000 - 2010&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1960">
                <text>LUIS CIPRIANO HERCULANO QUEPE</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1961">
                <text>This study presents an assessment of the exchange rate policy, for sustainability of the&#13;
economy for Mozambique. The study covers the period (2000-2010). It begins with a&#13;
review of literature on the exchange rate policy and provides an updated background in&#13;
the Mozambican economy</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1962">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1963">
                <text>2014</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1954">
                <text>ACCESS TO TERTIARY EDUCATION AS A NATIONAL STRATEGY&#13;
FOR DEVELOPMENT:&#13;
THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY CASE&#13;
&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1955">
                <text>PRIMROSE KURASHA</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1956">
                <text>Development suggests a change of an irreversible nature, the characteristics of which are determined by&#13;
that which is being developed. This involves moving from an existing to an end state, through a process&#13;
(R.S. Peters and Hirst). As African countries seek to develop, the production of an enlightened or&#13;
educated community becomes critical. This development seeks to address the challenges of poverty,&#13;
conflict, disease (HIV/AIDS), to name but a few, at national, community, family and individual levels.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1957">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1958">
                <text>2003</text>
              </elementText>
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      <tag tagId="502">
        <name>national development</name>
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        <name>Tertiary education</name>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>AN EXPLORATION OF PERSONAL EXPERIENCES OF DEAF PEOPLE IN ACCESSING,&#13;
PARTICIPATING AND COMPLETING HIGHER EDUCATION IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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              <elementText elementTextId="1950">
                <text>PHILLIPA MUTSWANGA</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1951">
                <text>The study qualitatively employed the phenomenology design to explore the&#13;
experiences of the 32 participants selected through snowballing and purposive&#13;
sampling to establish the extent to which Zimbabwean Universities enabled deaf&#13;
people to access, participate and successfully complete their studies. Point of&#13;
saturation determined the sample size. Access to higher education [HE] is&#13;
currently recognised as a bridge to a fulfilling life for all people but its applicability&#13;
to deaf people was reported by several studies as insignificant despite the&#13;
influences of robust legislations. Narratives, in-depth interviews, non-participant&#13;
observations, focus group discussions and document analysis were used to&#13;
collect data which was further thematically analysed. Emerging patterns and&#13;
themes were then generated and triangulated to augment the findings.&#13;
Augmentation made the data trustworthy and creditable although its&#13;
generalisability was not representative enough because of the sample size, a&#13;
limitation which triangulation took care of. The findings were guided by the social&#13;
justice principles of the ubuntu philosophy and the symbiotic transformative&#13;
theory. The study participants argued that institutions of higher education did not&#13;
include deaf people [PWDs] in their plans and that benchmarked the formidable&#13;
barriers which made their participation remain insignificant. However, the study&#13;
noted other contributing factors as; unfocused visions of universities,&#13;
inappropriate teaching styles, unfriendly infrastructures, negative attitudes and&#13;
styles of leadership. Furthermore, deaf participants felt that universities’&#13;
deliberate delay to respond to their applications was meant to frustrate them and&#13;
make them lose hope in persuing the status of their applications. The study&#13;
recommended that universities should redevelop their policies and provisions&#13;
with deaf people in mind. Further studies recommended that monitoring tools be&#13;
design as a measure to determine the preparedness of universities to deaf&#13;
applicants.&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1952">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1953">
                <text>2016</text>
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        <name>Disability</name>
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        <name>higher education</name>
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        <name>visually impaired</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwe</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1944">
                <text>PREDICTING THE SPATIAL DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN–ELEPHANT&#13;
CONFLICT IN HWANGE DISTRICT&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1945">
                <text>FARAI MADZIMURE</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1946">
                <text>This study predicted the spatial determinants of human-elephant conflict in Victoria Falls town,&#13;
Hwange West communal area and the resettlement areas of Don Rovin, Mubiya and Kalala. The&#13;
study covered an elephant range of 4377km2. The non-experimental quantitative research design&#13;
was adopted for the study. Garmin GPS receiver, digitizing and observation instruments were&#13;
employed for collecting human-elephant conflict location data and spatial factors. Overlay&#13;
analysis was used to combine human-elephant conflict location data with the distance maps of&#13;
predictive spatial factors in ILWIS. Logistic regression was used to relate human-elephant&#13;
conflict data and distance values of predictive factors in SPSS. In Victoria Falls town, results&#13;
indicated that human-elephant conflict probability could be predicted significantly using distance&#13;
from the park boundary and settlements. Distance from the forest and elephants routes&#13;
significantly explained human-elephant conflict in the communal area of Hwange West. Human-&#13;
elephant conflict was significantly related with distance from the forest in the Resettlement areas.&#13;
These results suggest that the most important predictor of human-elephant conflict on this&#13;
particular landscape is distance from protected areas. Implementation of effective conflict&#13;
resolution strategies for the three areas requires stakeholders to take cognisance of the spatial&#13;
factors which are related to human-elephant conflict. In Victoria Falls town, results imply that if&#13;
elephants and humans are to co-exist with minimal conflict, there is need for land use planners to&#13;
focus on developing mitigatory measures which deter elephants to move freely from the park to&#13;
the residential areas. A deterrent method such as the installation of electric fence around Victoria&#13;
Falls town has a great potential of preventing elephants from entering settlements and&#13;
minimising human-elephant conflict. Such an approach is critical as results indicated that&#13;
distance from the park boundary significantly predict human-elephant conflict in Victoria Falls&#13;
town. Alternatively, town planners can consider vertical expansion of the built up area to prevent&#13;
encroaching into the park. For Hwange communal and resettlement areas, land use planners&#13;
should prevent settlement patterns that leave crop fields vulnerable to crop raiding. In Hwange&#13;
communal area, planning the position of fences and other human-elephant conflict measures&#13;
should consider the position of elephant routes. Alternatively, land use planners can consider&#13;
allocating land to other uses besides settlements and agriculture. Integrating the spatial&#13;
determinants of human-elephant conflict with land use planning has a great potential of offering&#13;
permanent solutions to the conflict problem. Further research should be conducted on monitoring&#13;
elephant movement patterns in the area using satellite linked GPS collars. This information can&#13;
enhance our understanding of the routes used by elephants when they move around the&#13;
settlements. This enhances our understanding of how elephants interact with spatial human land&#13;
use and natural factors. Such information is crucial in designing effective human-elephant&#13;
conflict resolution measures.</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1947">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1948">
                <text>2017</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>&#13;
A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABILITY&#13;
IN THE OPERATIONS OF ANGOLAN NON-GOVERNMENTAL&#13;
ORGANISATIONS (NGOs): A CASE STUDY OF ACTIVITIES OF NGOs SAVE&#13;
THE CHILDREN AND FUNDAÇÃO YME, FROM 2000 TO 2010&#13;
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                <text>FILIPE BULOLA PANGE</text>
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                <text>Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have gained an important role in development co-&#13;
operation during the last two decades. The development funding channelled through NGOs has&#13;
increased and the number of NGOs engaged in development activities, both in Africa and Asia,&#13;
has been growing. This qualitative case study set out to assess the critical challenges of&#13;
sustainability in the operations of Angolan NGO’s Social activities and the capacity building&#13;
process carried out by the NGO Save the Children and NGO Fundação YME, from 2000 to 2010&#13;
in Angola. This case study research was based on the organisation Save the Children and an&#13;
indigenous organisation, NGO Fundação YME, located and operating in Cabinda, Luanda,&#13;
Benguela, Huila and Namibe provinces of Angola. The aim was to evaluate the following major&#13;
research question: what are the underlying factors in the challenges of sustainability in the&#13;
operations of the national Angolan non-governmental organisations? The sub-questions were:&#13;
Why are foreign NGOs’ operations sustainable while local NGOs’ activities are non-sustainable?&#13;
Why does the challenge of sustainability in their operations continue to mount in indigenous&#13;
2&#13;
NGOs as shown by the non-sustainability of many NGOs in Angola? What are the mechanisms&#13;
or policies for sustainability used by successful NGOs? How do human, material and financial&#13;
factors enhance sustainable development outcomes in NGOs? What opportunities exist in&#13;
Angola for the realisation of sustainability of NGOs? To answer the above questions, a number&#13;
of qualitative methods and techniques were used to collect and analyse data. Among other&#13;
techniques that were used are:&#13;
Focus Group discussions with employees and volunteers, observations, key informant interviews&#13;
with different categories of participants depending on their roles and level of involvement in the&#13;
implementation of NGOs projects and also their experience in the implementation of donor aided&#13;
programs. These discussions were guided by different interviews scheduled with respective&#13;
participants. Conclusions drawn from the empirical study were among others, the major factors&#13;
contributing to the mounting challenges of sustainability of NGOs social activities in Angola,&#13;
were lack of effective leadership in the NGOs, poor strategic planning, poor vision and mission&#13;
statement. This research among others, recommended that there is need to provide for strategic&#13;
planning based on accurate information. Planning and managing the sustainability of NGOs&#13;
requires the availability of accurate and timely information that links together resource inputs to&#13;
NGO managerial outputs and process and appropriate indicators of the knowledge, skills, and&#13;
values acquired by the employees. Therefore, it was recommended that efforts should be made to&#13;
provide among others support reforms that focus on job training and management outcomes.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>non-governmental organisations</name>
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        <name>sustainable development</name>
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                <text>AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTS OF&#13;
SEXUAL VIOLENCE ON THE HEALTH OF&#13;
WOMEN IN GWERU URBAN&#13;
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                <text>PANGANAI TSITSI</text>
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                <text>Sexual violence could be a menace to the health of women, so this study sought to&#13;
investigate the effects of sexual violence on the health of women. The research&#13;
hypothesis was that there is no relationship between sexual violence and the&#13;
reproductive, psychological and physical health problems. The objectives were to&#13;
expose the types of sexual violence and how women react to it in addition to&#13;
establishing the prevalence of the psychological, physical and reproductive health&#13;
(including STI and HIV/AIDS) problems resulting from sexual violence. A mixed&#13;
methodology with a pragmatic approach was used to carry out the research. The&#13;
research design was the casual comparative method where two groups that is the&#13;
sample and control groups were selected to allow comparing of the results. The&#13;
purposive sampling method was used at Msasa Project and Gweru hospital to obtain&#13;
the sample group of 30 women who were sexually violated. The control group of 30&#13;
women who were not sexually violated was obtained by convenient sampling at Gweru&#13;
Hospital MCH department. The data was obtained by triangulating interviews, focus&#13;
groups and documentary analysis and analysed by descriptive statistics as well as using&#13;
the SPSS for ANOVA, t-test and chi square. The research revealed that sexual violence&#13;
does affect the health of women reproductively, psychologically and physically. The&#13;
prevalence of STI and HIV related to sexual violence was 0.33 and 0.37 respectively.&#13;
However the women were reluctant to report sexual violence because of their culture&#13;
which makes it difficult to define sexual violence. The researcher suggests that men be&#13;
educated on the rights of women and the effects of sexual violence and the&#13;
3&#13;
organisations dealing with women health issues should involve men. The women who&#13;
report sexual violence should also be assessed for psychological problems as it was&#13;
found to be the most common health problem associated with sexual violence. Abortion&#13;
should be made accessible to the victims of sexual violence so that they are not&#13;
burdened by an unwanted child</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1937">
                <text>ZIMBABWE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1938">
                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>sexual violence</name>
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        <name>women health</name>
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                <text>AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF AIRPORT SERVICE QUALITY ON&#13;
THE GROWTH OF TOURISM IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1930">
                <text>SHAMISO PRECIOUS NYAJEKA</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe is adorned with tourism growth antecedents such as ample flora and fauna,&#13;
spectacular scenery and cultural heritage sites yet the country continues to have an&#13;
underutilized tourism sector. Following years of steady growth, the sector embarked on a&#13;
downward trend in 1999. The global economic crisis, as well as the negative publicity and&#13;
political unrest following the Land Reform Programme, have been cited as major causes of&#13;
Zimbabwe‟s tourism slump. The signing of the Global Political Agreement in 2009&#13;
restored the country‟s economic and political sanity, setting the tourism sector on a&#13;
recovery path. Zimbabwe‟s tourism however, continues to perform below its potential,&#13;
necessitating the consideration of other factors that could possibly influence the sector‟s&#13;
performance. This study therefore, sought to establish the quality of services at Harare&#13;
International Airport and ascertain its role in tourists‟ decisions to travel to Harare. Basing&#13;
on the SERVQUAL model, questionnaires were developed and fully completed by 410&#13;
passengers and 75 representatives of the various customer service departments at the&#13;
Airport. To this end, the expectations and perceptions of respondents regarding the&#13;
SERVQUAL dimensions of reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy and responsiveness&#13;
were sought. The study revealed that for all five dimensions, actual services delivered&#13;
were below the expectations of passengers. Although services were not of a poor standard,&#13;
there was room for improvement. Airport service quality was however, of significance to&#13;
those travelling for reasons other than visiting friends and relatives. The Gap analysis&#13;
suggests that managers were misguided on the service priorities of passengers. It can&#13;
therefore, be concluded that Zimbabwe is capable of receiving more tourists by improving&#13;
airport service quality. For that reason, Government investment in airports should be&#13;
directed toward areas with the potential of raising service quality levels, thereby&#13;
encouraging the influx of visitors who are sensitive to airport service quality. Investment&#13;
in the human element of service delivery is also recommended to facilitate excellent&#13;
customer service at airports</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1932">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1933">
                <text>2016</text>
              </elementText>
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        <name>airport service</name>
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        <name>Quality assurance</name>
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        <name>tourism</name>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>A RESOLUTION FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROBLEM OF DROUGHT IN BULILIMA DISTRICT IN MATABELELAND&#13;
SOUTH PROVINCE OF ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>PIOS NCUBE</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Faced with recurrent droughts and other extreme weather events, subsistence farming&#13;
communities found in arid and semi-arid regions of the world have continuously utilized&#13;
inherent experiences and alternative livelihood sources to cope with adverse effects of an ever&#13;
changing climate. Clearly, there are two extreme ends in this narrative, with one extreme end&#13;
being climate change that has amplified the impact of extreme weather events such as drought&#13;
and the other extreme being the resilience of communities that are impacted by such weather&#13;
phenomena. Over the years, subsistence farmers have utilized their life experiences and&#13;
learning to cope with adverse effects of weather related extremes, yet such capabilities have&#13;
been overlooked in scientific research, policy and practice. There is a tendency to treat&#13;
subsistence farmers, who mostly are found in arid and semi-arid regions of the world; as&#13;
helpless victims of drought and other weather extremes, as passive recipients of knowledge.&#13;
Such farmers have over the years contributed to world knowledge through their experiential&#13;
learning by doing and they have perfected collaborative ways of building resilience to shocks.&#13;
More than 80% of their knowledge comes from daily experiences, insights and intuitions that&#13;
are then condensed into a complete world view capacities based resilience. These communities&#13;
have existed in such locations and regions without getting extinct.&#13;
Subsistence farmers in rural Zimbabwe in Bulilima district of Matabeleland South are&#13;
constantly at risk of drought and have lived with the recurrent phenomenon for many decades;&#13;
suffered food insecurity, livelihoods destruction, disrupted well-being because they are&#13;
dependent on rain-fed agriculture, yet they continue to live and exist in the same locations.&#13;
This study employed a Case Study method embedded in interpretivist paradigm and utilized&#13;
open ended household questionnaires and interview guide to generate data. Data generation&#13;
was guided by the principle of data saturation and data was analysed using emerging themes&#13;
on excel, human stories and through the use of NVivo.&#13;
The study revealed that participants were not passive victims of drought, as demonstrated by&#13;
various alternative livelihoods that they adopted in coping with the phenomenon. Some of the&#13;
adaptive coping strategies adopted by participants were; reduced meals per day, reliance on&#13;
casual labour, dependence on remittances, and to some extent participants utilized their own&#13;
production. Markets and wild fruits (wild foods gathering) also played a major role.&#13;
Participants were enterprising and innovative, and employed their indigenous knowledge&#13;
systems to predict weather patterns in the absence of conventional modern weather predictions.&#13;
The local communities adopted alternative livelihoods and income sources in order to cope&#13;
with drought</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1927">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1928">
                <text>2017</text>
              </elementText>
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        <name>Adaptation</name>
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        <name>Agriculture</name>
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        <name>Capacity</name>
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      <tag tagId="16">
        <name>Climate change</name>
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      <tag tagId="886">
        <name>coping mechanisms</name>
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      <tag tagId="887">
        <name>Disaster Risk</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="888">
        <name>Food insecurity</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="889">
        <name>Hazard</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>management</name>
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        <name>Resilience</name>
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        <name>Shocks</name>
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        <name>Vulnerability</name>
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                <text>A PROPOSED ECONOMIC HOUSEHOLD MODEL ON LAND ACQUISITION AND UTILISATION BETWEEN MALES&#13;
AND FEMALES IN A1 RESETTLEMENT SCHEMES IN ZIMBABWE, 2000-2002&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>TAVONGA NJAYA</text>
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                <text>AN ASSESSMENT OF THE INNOVATIVE MEASURES EMPLOYED BY SMALL TO&#13;
MEDIUM SIZE HOTELS IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to explore innovative measures employed by small to medium size&#13;
independent hotels. The study employed the interpretivist paradigm and used the qualitative&#13;
approach with a multiple case-study design. The population of the study comprised all the&#13;
managers and junior staff in five small to medium size independent hotels in Harare. The&#13;
sample of the study comprised fourteen managers and thirty junior staff purposively selected&#13;
from the hotels. Qualitative data were generated through focus group discussions and&#13;
qualitative interviews and were analysed for content using thematic analysis. Issues of data&#13;
trustworthiness were addressed. Credibility was achieved by adopting appropriate and well&#13;
recognised research methods while transferability was achieved through the provision of&#13;
background data to establish context of the study and to allow comparisons to be made.&#13;
Dependability was achieved through the use of “overlapping methods” and confirmability&#13;
was achieved through triangulation and provision of in-depth methodological description.&#13;
The study found that small to medium size independent hotels in Harare did not effectively&#13;
implement the innovative measures in the management of business. The study further&#13;
revealed that there were quite a number of major challenges faced by small to medium size&#13;
hotels in embracing innovation. The study recommends that SMEs must strategically plan for&#13;
innovation and effectively implement innovative measures. The study also recommends that&#13;
small to medium size independent hotels should address innovation in a more integrated and&#13;
systematic way and should use strategic measures to improve their operations. Further&#13;
studies need to be conducted across a number of industries and the results should be&#13;
compared across different industries and in the same industry over time.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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                <text>AN ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTIONS AND EXPECTATIONS OF STUDENTS&#13;
TOWARDS THE QUALITY OF SERVICE DELIVERY IN OPEN AND&#13;
DISTANCE LEARNING: A CASE OF THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
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                <text>DANIEL NDUDZO</text>
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                <text>The study sought to analyse the expectations and perceptions of students towards the&#13;
quality of service delivered through Open and Distance Learning (ODL). The study&#13;
focused on learners at the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU). The Zimbabwe Open&#13;
University has, since 2008, been facing several challenges which, if not properly&#13;
addressed, threatened the acceptability of qualifications acquired through Open and&#13;
Distance Learning and consequently the survival of the University. This study sought to&#13;
assess the expectations and perceptions of the students towards the quality of service&#13;
delivered through Open and Distance Learning. This study employed the case study&#13;
research design which falls within the qualitative research methodology. The sample of&#13;
330 students was selected through cluster sampling of the ten Regional Centres of the&#13;
Zimbabwe Open University. The respondents were selected through convenience&#13;
sampling. Data generation was done through a questionnaire survey, focus group&#13;
discussions and observation</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>higher education</name>
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        <name>Open and Distance Learning</name>
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        <name>Quality assurance</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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                <text>THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH, POVERTY AND INCOME&#13;
INEQUALITY:&#13;
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE PRO-POOR GROWTH OF SOFALA PROVINCE&#13;
DURING THE PERIOD OF 1996-97 AND 2002-2003&#13;
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                <text>IBRAIMO HASSANE MUSSAGY</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Mozambique like many other developing countries has faced lack of information and&#13;
sometimes there is no detailed information about the poverty and inequality at district levels.&#13;
This research investigates the quality of growth in Sofala province, a province which is&#13;
located in the central region of Mozambique. Since the quality of growth comes from the&#13;
analysis of poverty and inequality indicators, the research specifically investigates the&#13;
relationship between growth, poverty and inequality thorough an assessment of the pro-poor&#13;
growth of Sofala province during the period of 1996 to 1997 and 2002 to 2003</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1911">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1912">
                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>Growth</name>
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        <name>poverty</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Department of Counselling</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF&#13;
OFFENDER REHABILITATION POLICIES IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>GRANISIA MASONA MUSANGO</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of offender&#13;
rehabilitation policies in Zimbabwe prisons in light of the efforts by stakeholders to&#13;
reform offenders. The primary objective of the study was to establish the extent to&#13;
which the correctional services are curbing ex-convicts from committing crimes. The&#13;
study was also aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation policies&#13;
implemented in Zimbabwe towards addressing the problem of re-offending.&#13;
Furthermore, the study sought to identify the reasons why released offenders continue&#13;
to commit crimes despite their participation in various rehabilitation programmes&#13;
during their period of incarceration. The methodology of the study was centred on the&#13;
interpretivist philosophy as practised in qualitative research methods. The study&#13;
participants included prisoners who were first time offenders, prisoners who were re-&#13;
arrested, prison officers who supervise the rehabilitation programmes and NGOs&#13;
responsible for various rehabilitation programme concerning prisoners. Data was&#13;
primarily generated through face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, focus&#13;
group discussions and participant observation which were inevitable in this study by&#13;
nature of being a qualitative research where the researcher is the prime instrument of&#13;
data generation. Secondary data was sought from documents analysed from Harare&#13;
Central, Chikurubi Farm and Chikurubi Female Prisons records and statistics offices&#13;
and other stakeholders. The findings of the study revealed a host of challenges that&#13;
stall effective policy implementation chief among them being the deplorable living&#13;
conditions in the prisons. The negative attitude perspectives and stigma , among other&#13;
things, were seen to be the reasons for offenders getting into a vicious circle of re-&#13;
offending. The study recommended stakeholder cooperation in policy&#13;
implementation, monitoring and evaluation among other things</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1906">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1907">
                <text>2016</text>
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        <name>Offender</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF HIV AND AIDS&#13;
IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1901">
                <text>MUPA PAUL</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1902">
                <text>This study investigated how quality assurance ensures quality teaching and learning of&#13;
HIV and AIDS in schools in Zimbabwe. The study was prompted by the continuous&#13;
increase in the spread of the HIV and AIDS pandemic which, in most cases, is under&#13;
reported. Primary school pupils are the window of hope and need proper teaching so that&#13;
from the early ages, they learn behaviour patterns which fight against the spread of the&#13;
epidemic. Using analytical framework drawn from Peter Senge (1990)’s systems theory&#13;
in quality assurance, the study examined the extent to which quality assurance practices&#13;
can improve the teaching and learning of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwean primary&#13;
schools. From global perspectives on the HIV and AIDS phenomenon, it has been argued&#13;
that quality assurance practices should be instituted to capacitate accountability&#13;
approaches towards self-regulation and continuous improvement in schools</text>
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        <name>teaching and learning</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>ENHANCEMENT OF ACCESS AND INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH&#13;
VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1897">
                <text>EMMANUEL T. MUNEMO</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1898">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1899">
                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>access and inclusion</name>
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        <name>electoral process</name>
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        <name>visually impaired</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>N ASSESSMENT OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING&#13;
BIRTH TRAUMA AND ITS DIDACTIC IMPLICATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF PRIMARY&#13;
SCHOOL CHILDREN IN BULAWAYO AND MATABELELAND REGIONS.&#13;
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                <text>NTOMBIYENDABA MUCHUCHUTI</text>
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                <text>This qualitative case study involved an assessment of neuropsychological development&#13;
following birth trauma and its didactic implications. The aim was to evaluate how brain&#13;
injuries occurring before, during and after birth affect the children’s mental ability. In the&#13;
study, 20 purposively selected children born at Mpilo Central Hospital, United Bulawayo&#13;
Hospitals, Gwanda Provincial and Tsholotsho District Hospital Maternity centres were used&#13;
as the research participants. Their parents, the school heads, class teachers, the school&#13;
psychologists, the nurses and doctors were used as information sources for the required data.&#13;
Document analysis of medical and school records and Standardised non-verbal tests&#13;
triangulated the data sources. Major findings were that: Children with Traumatic Birth&#13;
Injuries (TBI) were among learners in mainstream schools and some of them were not&#13;
benefiting from the teaching methodologies and curricula in schools. The children had&#13;
challenges in cognitive and behavioural domains which manifested in memory, mastery, poor&#13;
performance in Mathematics and English and they had behavioural problems. Most of them&#13;
set in the bottom 10 of the class. Most teachers had problems with teaching children with&#13;
TBI. The study made the following recommendations: revision of policies and statutory&#13;
instruments governing medical practise; resuscitation of maternal health systems in the&#13;
country; mainstreaming inclusion in teacher-education; improvement of teaching and learning&#13;
conditions; and observing reasonable teacher-pupil ratio. Collaboration of multi-sectoral&#13;
alliances in the education of children with TBI is encouraged if the traumatised children are to&#13;
benefit from time in school. Further research should focus on collaborative research in mental&#13;
health and effective schooling of children with TB</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2013</text>
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                <text>PEACEBUILDING AND CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION: A&#13;
STUDY OF TRADITIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF CONFLICT&#13;
TRANSFORMATION IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>MBWIRIRE JOHN</text>
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                <text>Beginning from the early 2000s, communities in Zimbabwe witnessed the worst forms of&#13;
politically motivated violence by state agents as well as civilian on civilian clashes at grassroots&#13;
levels. Efforts to resolve contemporary Zimbabwean politically motivated conflicts are proving&#13;
difficult if not impossible. This is caused by the efforts which are mainly top-down and&#13;
conventional in nature. The application of local traditional awareness and procedures in conflict&#13;
resolution and conflict transformation has been very negligible as many prefer the contemporary&#13;
law court system. The study assessed the effectiveness of traditional institutions in peacebuilding&#13;
and conflict transformation in Mashonaland Central Province at grassroots levels. The study&#13;
adopted a mixed methods approach in obtaining data from the field. A targeted population of 518&#13;
634 people above the age of 18 which included traditional leaders’ council and community&#13;
members was used. A sample comprising five traditional chiefs who were key informants&#13;
participated through in-depth interviews, 65 members of the chiefs’ council members&#13;
participated through focus group discussions and 250 community members were respondents to&#13;
questionnaires. The study found that traditional institutions were not effective when dealing with&#13;
politically motivated conflicts. Traditional institutions were effective in dealing with other forms&#13;
of conflicts emanating from land disputes and social disputes. Considerably, traditional practices&#13;
of peacebuilding and conflict transformation are cultural and community specific. Despite facing&#13;
economic, social, political and land challenges as well as having operational weaknesses,&#13;
traditional institutions have practical mechanisms of promoting peaceful co-existence at&#13;
grassroots levels. The study recommended that traditional institutions should be mainstreamed in&#13;
all processes of conflict management, peacebuilding and conflict transformation. This should be&#13;
done in accordance with the value system of the specific community or people in question</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2017</text>
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                <text>KEY LEADERSHIP FACTORS CRITICAL TO SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS&#13;
VIABILITY IN VOLATILE OPERATING ENVIRONMENTS: &#13;
A CASE STUDY OF ECONET WIRELESS ZIMBABWE LIMITED (1998-2017)&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>DOUGLAS MBOWEN</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This study was conducted to appreciate, fully, what leadership factors drive business&#13;
viability in volatile, unpredictable, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) environments with the&#13;
broader focus being on establishing the key leadership themes and factors influencing business&#13;
viability in an identified VUCA environment, namely Zimbabwe from 1998-2017. The study&#13;
made use of interpretive phenomenology as its paradigm, and was premised on qualitative,&#13;
single explorative and interpretive case study design and methodology. Data were generated&#13;
by the researcher through interviews, focus group discussions, with participants having been&#13;
purposively sampled. The analysis of the data made use of the modified Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen&#13;
method as described by Moustakas (1994), which resulted in the emergence of seven central&#13;
themes considered as essential ingredients for fostering resilience and viability for businesses&#13;
operating in VUCA environments. Based on the findings and discussions thereof, the&#13;
researcher then amended the “Attributional resilience model” by Gibson and Tarrant (2010)&#13;
and proposed what he has termed the Leadership-Driven Resilience Model (LDRM), which&#13;
theoretically proffers possibilities for business leaders to develop coping strategies in response&#13;
to difficult business operating environments. Recommendations for future research enquiry,&#13;
include the need to look at multiple case studies and be able to undertake comparisons on&#13;
viability dynamics across different organisations in VUCA environments. Further&#13;
recommendations are also directed towards governments to more effectively respond through&#13;
policy so as to ease off pressures as well as threats that VUCA environments thrust upon&#13;
businesses and for businesses operating in VUCA environments to consider viability factors&#13;
established in the study and then incorporate them into their strategy and operational planning&#13;
so as to guarantee survival as they navigate the difficult operating environments.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1884">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2018</text>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text> AN INVESTIGATION INTO FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH&#13;
TAX EVASION IN THE ZIMBABWE INFORMAL SECTOR: A&#13;
SURVEY OF MBARE MAGABA INFORMAL TRADERS&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>&#13;
CUTHBERT MASARIRAMBI</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>African nations are taking the route of small to medium enterprises (MSMEs) and&#13;
the contribution of micro enterprises to national development can no longer be&#13;
ignored or taken for granted. The contribution of SMEs to national budgets has&#13;
been curtailed by the phenomenon of tax evasion, yet little is known about factors&#13;
associated with this phenomenon. This study was an investigation into factors&#13;
associated with tax evasion in the Zimbabwe informal sector and it was a survey of&#13;
Mbare Magaba Informal Traders. The study was carried out from November 2011&#13;
to October 2013 and a systematic sample of 150 informal traders working in&#13;
makeshift shelters at Mbare Magaba was selected. Questionnaires were used to&#13;
collect data and the methodology of the study was quantitative as it employed the&#13;
survey research design</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>Business management</name>
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        <name>small to medium scale enterprises</name>
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