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                <text>THE IMPACT OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON COMPETITIVE&#13;
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                <text>MENARD ZHOU</text>
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        <name>competitive advantage</name>
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                <text>REVENUE CONSTRAINTS ON THE&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected domestic revenue mobilization&#13;
capacity of governments in Africa which significantly affected Sustainable&#13;
Development Goals (SDGs) implementation trajectory. This chapter focused on&#13;
examining the impact of the pandemic on sources of revenue more familiar for&#13;
African states which are income taxes, customs duty, value added tax, toll gate&#13;
fees, external finances and local government incomes. The chapter adopted a&#13;
qualitative case study approach through documentary search of books, journal&#13;
articles, government reports and working papers focusing on the implications of&#13;
the pandemic on revenue mobilization and effects on SDGs. Moreover, cases of&#13;
illicit financial flows, smuggling of goods, tax evasion and fiscal corruption due to&#13;
COVID-19-related restrictions have contributed toward low revenue mobilization&#13;
capacity of African countries. Owing to this, SDGs funding declined as evidenced&#13;
by poor health service delivery (Goal 3), unequal access to education especially in&#13;
rural isolated communities (Goal 4), and poor waste management and water&#13;
reticulation services (Goal 6). These challenges have amplified poverty and&#13;
inequality levels in these countries as well as reducing the quality of standard&#13;
of living. The chapter findings indicate that, the success of smoothly&#13;
implementing SDGs in African countries will largely depend on boosting their&#13;
own domestic revenues. Following an in-depth analysis of the research findings,&#13;
this chapter recommends governments to introduce tax reforms such as&#13;
expanding their revenue base and there is need to improve transparency and&#13;
accountability on revenue collection to reduce corruption and tax evasion. Con-&#13;
clusions can be drawn that the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened economic&#13;
woes which has resulted in low productivity capacity and revenue loss in these&#13;
African countrie</text>
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                <text>INVESTIGATION OF THE STRATEGIES TO REGULATE THE USAGE OF AI CHATBOTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: HARMONIZING PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATION AND COGNITIVE&#13;
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                <text>This study investigates the strategies for regulating the usage of AI&#13;
chatbots in higher education to harmonize pedagogical innovation and&#13;
cognitive skill development among graduate students. The study adopts a&#13;
qualitative methodology that involves semi-structured interviews with 12&#13;
lecturers from 11 Zimbabwean universities. The findings reveal that although&#13;
AI chatbots present opportunities to enhance learning experiences and cognitive&#13;
skill development, their usage by graduate students presents challenges that&#13;
require regulation. Negative perceptions of using AI chatbots by graduate&#13;
students included cheating, plagiarism, and reduced interaction. Positive&#13;
perceptions had research flexibility and cheapness. To regulate AI chatbot&#13;
usage in higher education, lecturers employed active learning strategies and&#13;
tailor-made coursework. At the same time, universities implemented Viva Voce&#13;
and AI software detectors to discourage cheating and plagiarism. The study&#13;
contributes to the literature on AI chatbots in education by highlighting the&#13;
importance of cultural and social factors in their integration. The findings&#13;
provide practical implications for educators and institutions in regulating the&#13;
usage of AI chatbots in higher education, thus promoting cognitive skill&#13;
development while avoiding their negative impact</text>
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                <text>ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TRAINING: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN THE ZIMBABWEAN MINING INDUSTRY&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Artificial intelligenceis Each and every aspect of our society has been changed by artificial intel-&#13;
ligence. Artificial intelligence still a new phenomenon in Zimbabwe. The main thrust Each and&#13;
every aspect of our society has been changed by artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is&#13;
still a new phenomenon in Zimbabwe. The main thrust of this research was to understand the&#13;
opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in training activities in the mining industry.&#13;
This study was guided by understand training activities that can be transformed by artificial&#13;
intelligence. The study determined the challenges of using artificial intelligence in training. The&#13;
investigator obtained data through telephone interviews that were conducted with 10 participants&#13;
from the Zimbabwe Mining Industry. The investigation employed judgemental, convenient and&#13;
snowball sampling. The study found that there is low use of artificial intelligence in the training&#13;
activities, but there are activities that can be undertaken by artificial intelligence that include&#13;
induction, online training, and refresher courses. Expensiveness, lack of skills, loss of jobs, cul-&#13;
tural and ethical implications were found to be challenges associated with the use of artificial&#13;
intelligence in the employee appointment process. Efficiency, effectiveness, enhanced trainee&#13;
experience, reduced costs and organisation brand were found to be benefits of employing artifi-&#13;
cial intelligence in training. The study recommends partnerships to be developed among mining organisations, higher and tertiary education, and technology enterprises to develop artificial intelligence software that can cost-effectively meet the needs of trainers.</text>
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                <text>EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN ZIMBABWE'S&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>CHARLES MASSIMO1&#13;
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                <text>Despite persuasive heuristics and pragmatic promotion for the use of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)&#13;
to infuse dynamism into public sector infrastructure development, little is known about their progress in&#13;
Zimbabwe's state universities. This study traces the evolution and validation of PPPs as an alternative&#13;
funding option for the development of educational infrastructure in Zimbabwean state universities and&#13;
compares it with other traditional funding options. This descriptive qualitative research methodology,&#13;
grounded in constructivist research philosophy and bolstered by a multiple case study research design&#13;
collected data through in-depth key informant interviews. Nineteen key informant participants were&#13;
selected through criteria and critical purposive sampling techniques, while secondary data was sourced&#13;
from relevant literature. This study established that there has been a low uptake and implementation&#13;
inertia of educational infrastructure PPPs in Zimbabwean state universities since their adoption and&#13;
standardization in 2010. Although the concept was introduced back in 1998 and initial PPP frameworks&#13;
were developed in 2004, it wasn't until 2010 that serious emphasis was placed on adopting them in&#13;
Zimbabwean state universities. Various justifications were identified for the adoption of PPPs in this&#13;
sector and PPPs emerged as a viable alternative to traditional funding sources such as the national&#13;
budget, institutional funds and loan financing. PPPs were viewed as a sustainable approach that could&#13;
help state universities bridge their infrastructure gaps. The study recommends that state universities&#13;
adopt a business oriented approach and operate as social enterprises if they are to attract a significant&#13;
pool of quality private investors in PPP arrangements.</text>
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                <text>CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF&#13;
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                <text>A weakness of the extant Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) literature to date has been its&#13;
normative approach to the subject, creating in effect, a 'one size fits all view' of the&#13;
preconditions or Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for the implementation of PPPs yet they vary&#13;
with the context and sector. This study challenges the existing prominent CSFs model for the&#13;
implementation of PPP which it perceives to be broader and biased towards economic&#13;
infrastructure in rich industrial nations and excludes the realities of post-colonial third world&#13;
countries. The research developed a refined sector-specific Educational Infrastructure Critical&#13;
Success Factor Model (EICSFM) that will inform effective implementation of educational&#13;
infrastructure PPPs in Zimbabwe state universities. Validated suggestions from research&#13;
participants were compared to the existing model used to guide this study and results showed&#13;
that some of the suggested CSFs for PPPs in Zimbabwe state universities tallies with this extant&#13;
widely accepted CSFs model for PPPs, whereas some differ. The new suggested emerging&#13;
sector-specific CSFs for effective implementation of PPPs in state universities include; the&#13;
need for state universities to have absolute autonomy, the establishment of institutional PPP&#13;
Committees, state universities to be creative and aggressive, vibrant leadership at state&#13;
universities, universities to have good business orientation, the establishment of innovative&#13;
PPPs models for educational infrastructure projects (social infrastructure projects), the creation&#13;
of project bankability and attractiveness to investors, the need for political will and creation of&#13;
trust. Comparing such suggestions to the extant CSFs model, the study concluded that even&#13;
though some these preconditions for successful implementation of PPPs may be similar to&#13;
some of the existing ones, their application is not similar but context-based. The study thus&#13;
recommends governments avoid a ‘one size fits all’ perception and approach, but rather encompass sector-specific considerations when adopting and implementing PPPs as an alternative funding option for infrastructure development.</text>
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                <text>INVESTIGATION OF THE STRATEGIES TO REGULATE THE USAGE OF AI CHATBOTS IN&#13;
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SKILL DEVELOPMENT&#13;
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                <text>This study investigates the strategies for regulating the usage of AI&#13;
chatbots in higher education to harmonize pedagogical innovation and&#13;
cognitive skill development among graduate students. The study adopts a&#13;
qualitative methodology that involves semi-structured interviews with 12&#13;
lecturers from 11 Zimbabwean universities. The findings reveal that although&#13;
AI chatbots present opportunities to enhance learning experiences and cognitive&#13;
skill development, their usage by graduate students presents challenges that&#13;
require regulation. Negative perceptions of using AI chatbots by graduate&#13;
students included cheating, plagiarism, and reduced interaction. Positive&#13;
perceptions had research flexibility and cheapness. To regulate AI chatbot&#13;
usage in higher education, lecturers employed active learning strategies and&#13;
tailor-made coursework. At the same time, universities implemented Viva Voce&#13;
and AI software detectors to discourage cheating and plagiarism. The study&#13;
contributes to the literature on AI chatbots in education by highlighting the&#13;
importance of cultural and social factors in their integration. The findings&#13;
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                <text>This study investigates the strategies for regulating the usage of AI&#13;
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qualitative methodology that involves semi-structured interviews with 12&#13;
lecturers from 11 Zimbabwean universities. The findings reveal that although&#13;
AI chatbots present opportunities to enhance learning experiences and cognitive&#13;
skill development, their usage by graduate students presents challenges that&#13;
require regulation. Negative perceptions of using AI chatbots by graduate&#13;
students included cheating, plagiarism, and reduced interaction. Positive&#13;
perceptions had research flexibility and cheapness. To regulate AI chatbot&#13;
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and AI software detectors to discourage cheating and plagiarism. The study&#13;
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                <text>AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN DERIVATIVES USAGE AND KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS IN BOTSWANA&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The study evaluated derivative usage of 21 firms listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) in relation to&#13;
five key financial indicators that included financial gearing, solvency, liquidity, profitability, and firm size. A&#13;
logit regression model was run on the data covering year 2019 to the year 2021. The logit model revealed at 99%&#13;
level of confidence that, a firm’s derivative usage is significantly and positively related to its financial gearing as&#13;
measured by non-current liabilities to total equity (D/E) ratio. The study also revealed that usage of derivatives&#13;
by firms listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) had no significant relationship with solvency ratio (as&#13;
measured by total liabilities to total assets ratio), firm size (as measured by total assets) and liquidity ratio (as&#13;
measured by cash and cash equivalents to total assets). However, the research observed a significant and&#13;
negative association between derivative usage and profitability ratio (as measured by Profit Before Interest and&#13;
Taxation (PBIT) to Average total assets ratio). It was further noted that listed firms in Botswana are only using&#13;
employee options, collateral based swaps, interest rate swaps, and foreign exchange swaps to hedge risks. Hence&#13;
the study recommends policy makers to institutionalize derivative markets that offer a variety of products that&#13;
include futures derivative contracts which are currently not in use in the market. The establishment of derivative&#13;
market in Botswana will reduce an over-reliance on financial borrowing from the banking sector and government&#13;
agencies by local investors, domestic firms, and multinational firms in Botswana. The use of derivatives also&#13;
reduces the weighted average cost of capital and hence increases firm’s market value</text>
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                <text>THE EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DERIVATIVESMARKETS AND MARKET FACTORS IN ZIMBABWE AND BOTSWANA&#13;
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                <text>The study evaluated the association between financial markets and financial stability (as measured by bank&#13;
credits to deposits), financial efficiency (as measured by bank costs to income ratio), financial access (as&#13;
measured by bank accounts per 1000) and financial depth (as measured by bank deposits to GDP). A&#13;
Generalised Linear Model (GLM) was run from the year 2009 to the year 2021. The GLM revealed at 99% level&#13;
of confidence that, the financial markets are significantly and positively related to financial efficiency as&#13;
measured by bank costs to income ratio. It is further observed that financial markets with higher bank costs to&#13;
income ratio catalyses derivative usage. However, in contrast the financial markets were observed to have a&#13;
negative significant relationship with the other constructs used in the model at 99% level of confidence. The&#13;
results of the document review exposed the reason for non-use of derivatives as unique to each market relating&#13;
possibly to differences in economic, political, financial infrastructure, market infrastructure, legal and regulatory&#13;
and market timing. More so document analysis revealed that an evolving benefit of derivatives is enabling&#13;
channelling of capital to sustainable investments. It is recommended that promotion of financial efficiency in the&#13;
financial markets must be the main thrust of the policy makers through the establishment of properly functioning&#13;
derivative markets in Zimbabwe and Botswana. Further policy makers must implore the use of sustainability&#13;
linked derivatives (SLDs) in their markets as a vital option to allocate capital to environmentally friendly&#13;
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                <text>The study explores the transformative power of utilizing machine learning and artificial intelligence&#13;
for early fraud detection among banks in Harare, Zimbabwe using qualitative research. Data&#13;
were collected through document reviews and in-depth interviews with bank internal auditors&#13;
and senior management. The study addressed three key research questions, namely, examining&#13;
internal auditors’ understanding of machine learning and artificial intelligence tools/systems for&#13;
fraud detection; understanding internal auditors’ perceptions on the effectiveness of machine&#13;
learning and artificial intelligence-based fraud detection systems; and identifying major challenges&#13;
faced by internal auditors during implementation of artificial intelligence fraud detection systems.&#13;
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face to face and online. Findings from the study demonstrated strong consensus among internal&#13;
auditors on the potential power of machine learning and artificial intelligence in detecting fraud at&#13;
an early stage. In addition, the study revealed the potential benefits of utilizing machine learning&#13;
algorithms and artificial intelligence which includes enhanced speed in identifying anomalies,&#13;
improved accuracy, and the ability to detect fraud early, thereby enabling management to come&#13;
up with internal control mechanisms which can prevent fraud. Successful implementation of&#13;
machine learning and artificial intelligence-powered fraud detection systems require adequate&#13;
training and support from the organization’s leadership, and ethical considerations.</text>
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                <text>DETERMINANTS OF BOARD DIVERSITY FOR FIRMS LISTED ON THE ZIMBABWE STOCK EXCHANGE&#13;
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                <text>Board diversity is a topical discourse in firm governance and&#13;
management. Diversity came up as a way of eliminating&#13;
discrimination in employment and making sure there is equality,&#13;
inclusion and affirmative action in the way firms do business. Board&#13;
diversity has produced mixed results in relation to firm performance.&#13;
On the one hand, diversity enables good governance to take place,&#13;
ensures satisfaction of stakeholders and the firm to attain&#13;
competitive advantage. Contrary, diversity may come with&#13;
difficulties in communication, boardroom fights and decreased&#13;
productivity among a plethora of negative contributions. The study&#13;
investigates the various factors that affect board diversity from a&#13;
Zimbabwean context.&#13;
The Zimbabwe Stock Exchange’s 35 firms’ data is analysed to&#13;
estimate the relationship between board diversity and firm&#13;
performance. The study employed the quantitative methodology to&#13;
establish factors that influence board diversity on firm performance&#13;
of thirty-five (35) firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange&#13;
using panel data collected over the period 2009 – 2015.&#13;
The major factors that promote diversity are firm size, liquidity,&#13;
leverage, operating experience (years listed), market share (Tobin’s&#13;
Q) and being in the service sector. On the other hand, board size,&#13;
being in the food, financial, real and industrial and manufacturing&#13;
sectors negatively and significantly influence diversity.&#13;
Based on the above results, the study recommends that companies&#13;
should come up with diversity-enabling policies to enhance firm&#13;
performance.</text>
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                <text>University of Sistan and Baluchestan</text>
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                <text>ESTIMATING A LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL ON THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE ON DERIVATIVE MARKETS&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>WILBERT KUDAKWASHE CHIDAUSHE&#13;
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                <text>The study explored the role of Artificial intelligence on the stability, efficiency, depth, and access&#13;
of derivative markets during the period 2009 to 2021. The study used mixed method research.&#13;
Cross sectional data of 60 countries from North America, Latin America and the Caribbean,&#13;
Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Sahara Africa, South&#13;
and Central Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific. Simple random sampling was used to select the 60&#13;
countries according to their Government Artificial Intelligence Index. Logistic regression was&#13;
applied on the cross-section data to determine the effect of Artificial Intelligence on derivative&#13;
markets in terms of financial efficiency, financial depth, financial access, and financial stability.&#13;
The proven role of Artificial Intelligence on derivative markets is to enhance financial inclusion&#13;
and financial stability through the provision of derivative trading platforms. The results of the&#13;
study showed that the use of Artificial intelligence on derivative markets is significantly and&#13;
positively related to financial access as measured by the percentage of digital payments. Further,&#13;
the test revealed that the use of Artificial Intelligence on derivative markets is significantly and&#13;
negatively related to financial stability as measured by stock price volatility. The study showed&#13;
that there was no effect on financial depth and efficiency arising from the use of Artificial Intel-&#13;
ligence on derivative markets. The study recommended that governments should put in place&#13;
adequate financial infrastructure as well as vibrant regulations prior to the use of Artificial&#13;
Intelligence on the derivative markets to avoid systemic risk build ups.</text>
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        <name>Government Artificial Intelligent Readiness Index</name>
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                <text>BOARD SIZE VERSUS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: A THEMATIC APPROACH&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>ONESMO GUTI, </text>
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                <text>ASHLEY MASHAYAMOMBE</text>
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                <text>SIPIWE SIBANDA</text>
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                <text>This paper seeks to examine the effects of board size upon firm’s financial performance. Board characteristics include&#13;
outside directors, board size, gender diversity and board diligence. This paper concentrated upon the board size’s effect&#13;
upon firm performance. The two corporate governance theories: namely, stewardship theory; and resource dependence&#13;
theory were utilised. This paper made use of analysing and sy nthesising literature from various sources in a bid to&#13;
expose the views of various writers upon the effects of Board size on firms’ financial performance. The qualitative&#13;
methodology was applied through the thematic analysis approach. Both the deductive and inductiv e approaches were&#13;
utilized to enjoy the benefits of the thematic approach. This enabled robust coding technique</text>
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                <text> International Journal of Research Publications (IJRP.ORG)</text>
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                <text>RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY WEIGHT AND LINEAR BODY MEASUREMENTS AT&#13;
VARIOUS STAGES OF PERMANENT TOOTH ERUPTION IN INDIGENOUS¬MATEBELE FEMALE GOATS OF Z IMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>NEVER ASSAN&#13;
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                <text>MICHAEL MUSASIRA&#13;
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                <text>MAPHIOS MPOFU&#13;
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                <text>NICHOLAS M WAYERA4 &#13;
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                <text>KWENA MOKOENA5&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>THOBELA LOUIS TYASI</text>
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                <text>his study aimed to evaluate the influence of dental age on predicting body weight (BWT) using Linear&#13;
body measurements (LBM) in 168 indigenous Matebele goat females of Zimbabwe. LBM and BWT were recorded at&#13;
various stages of permanent incisor eruption (PE): second pair (I2), third pair (I3), fourth pair (I4), full mouth (FM),&#13;
and broken mouth (BM). The LBMs were measured using a ruler and centimeter-calibrated tailor’s tape, while BWT&#13;
was measured using an electronic weighing scale in kilograms. The correlation between BWT and LMBs was assessed&#13;
using Pearson’s correlation and regression were used for data analysis. The highest correlation was observed between&#13;
body length (BL) and rump height (RH) (r = 0.70), while BWT and heart girth (HG) showed a significant correlation&#13;
(r = 0.68) (p&lt;0.05) at I2 stage. Simple regression models demonstrated good predictive power on BWT at the FM&#13;
stage for HG (R2 = 74%), BL (R2 = 65%), and WT (R2 = 53%) (p&lt;0.05). The predictive power of multiple regression&#13;
models for I3 was slightly reduced when non-significant components were removed. The findings suggest that HG is&#13;
the best predictor of BWT during the I3 to FM tooth eruption phases, supporting genetic improvement and selection&#13;
of replacement females based on LBM. The study concludes that dentition-based age determination influences the cor-&#13;
relation between BWT and LBMs in female indigenous goats, with the strongest correlation observed between I2 and&#13;
I4 eruption periods. Combining HG and RH can optimize body weight prediction for I3 females by reducing variables&#13;
in the model. The results highlight the importance of dentition-based age estimation and morphometric feature-based&#13;
body weight prediction in small ruminants, particularly in small-scale animal agriculture where scales and record-keep-&#13;
ing are often lacking</text>
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                <text>Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>POSTPARTUM ANOESTRUS IN EXTENSIVELY MANAGED BEEF COWS</text>
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                <text>SOUL WASHAYA, </text>
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                <text>CLARICE P. MUDZENGI, </text>
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                <text>VIMBAI GOBVU,&#13;
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                <text>TAKUDZWA MAFIGU </text>
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                <text>RATCHEL MUTORE&#13;
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                <text>Cows should produce a calf every year, unfortunately, communal beef cows&#13;
face unique and numerous challenges, which often preclude achieving this goal.&#13;
In this review, we describe the lack of ovarian activity in beef cows as influenced&#13;
by endocrine, behavioral, psychological and environmental factors, in order to&#13;
promote pragmatic interventions for cattle productivity under communal produc-&#13;
tion systems. Following parturition, cows undergo a significant period of sexual&#13;
quiescence that varies widely and, nutritional deficiencies, suckling, hormonal&#13;
imbalances and stress have been implicated. The resumption of estrous cycles&#13;
postcalving in these cows exceeds the 80-day mark. This delay is predicated on the&#13;
lack of the positive feedback effects of estradiol on luteinizing hormone, circu-&#13;
lating concentrations of metabolic hormones and growth factors. These delays&#13;
decrease conception rates and increase calving to conception intervals, common in&#13;
extensively managed beef cows. The production conditions inadvertently surmise&#13;
producers to become hesitant to use assisted reproductive technologies that are&#13;
known to improve efficiencies. In addition, feed supplementation, which is nonex-&#13;
istent in such production systems, is a strategy readily leveraged by beef and dairy&#13;
producers in commercial systems. Options for treating cows with an extended PPI&#13;
are germanely going forward</text>
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                <text>IntechOpen</text>
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        <name>altruism</name>
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        <name>ovarian cyclicity</name>
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                <text>REAL ESTATE AND PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN THE&#13;
CITY OF BEIRA, MOZAMBIQUE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>TOWINDO TICHAONA</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this thesis was to make an analysis of the challenges facing the real&#13;
estate and properties management industry in the city of Beira, Mozambique. This&#13;
research features both Policy Formulation and Management areas of study. In light of&#13;
this research, there is one major question that had to be considered: “What are the&#13;
challenges being faced by property owners, property seekers, property management&#13;
regulators, and real estate agents during the course of their business activities in the&#13;
city of Beira?”&#13;
This qualitative research was based on the premise that valuable data were collected&#13;
through conducting face-to-face interviews among the thirty participants in this study.&#13;
The thirty participants were made up of eight informal real estate agents, eight property&#13;
owners, eight property seekers, three formal real estate agents, and three local&#13;
government officials (property regulators). Six participants were purposively sampled&#13;
from each of the five major residential areas in the city of Beira.&#13;
The interviewees were asked about the major challenges affecting the real estate and&#13;
properties management industry. All the collected data were organized for entry into the&#13;
Qualitative Data Analysis Computer program. This is an Excel Spread Sheets based&#13;
program, whose results are summarized in a Pivot Table.&#13;
The results following this research show that the City of Beira is being faced with real&#13;
challenges whereby the property industry is being managed haphazardly. The study&#13;
revealed that there is little government or official private sector control to oversee the&#13;
industry. The study recommends the urgent need for the local government and the&#13;
private sector to intervene in the property management activities through setting up an&#13;
active national or local real estate board, and or local real estate committee. This board&#13;
or committee should serve to come up with laws and specific guidelines for these real&#13;
estate and properties management activities</text>
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                <text>ZOU</text>
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                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>Beira</name>
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        <name>Real Estate management</name>
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                <text>STRATEGIES OF DEVELOPING CONFLICT RESOLUTION SKILLS&#13;
FOR ENHANCING TEACHING, LEARNING AND PEACE IN&#13;
ZIMBABWEAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THE MIDLANDS&#13;
PROVINCE: A CASE STUDY OF GWERU AND SHURUGWI&#13;
DISTRICTS.&#13;
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                <text>THONDHLANA SAIDEN</text>
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                <text>The main objective of the study was to establish the extent to which the development of&#13;
Conflict Resolution Skills was being fostered in the Gweru and Shurugwi District Primary&#13;
Schools. The study was triggered by the observed conflict among teachers and students and&#13;
there appeared a need for conflict resolution skills development among primary school&#13;
leadership, teachers and children in the districts under study. Indicators showed that teachers&#13;
and school heads needed training in conflictresolution, there was lack of acomprehensive&#13;
conflict resolution programme in primary schools. Religion and culture appeared to play a&#13;
divisive role in conflict resolution. Therefore, the purpose of this study wasto find out the&#13;
extent to which conflict resolution skills development was being fostered in primary schools.&#13;
The study was grounded in interpretive paradigm and used a case study design to understand&#13;
the phenomenon. Documentary analysis, open ended questionnaires, focus group and in-depth&#13;
interviews were used to collect data. The purposive sampling and snowballing techniques&#13;
were used to identify participants who included 30 school heads, 227 teachers, 180 children, 2&#13;
district education officers, 2 conflict resolution experts, 20 student teachers and 3 teachers’&#13;
college lecturers. The study was underpinned in the strategies of conflict resolution skills&#13;
development theories. The theories advocated for the use of strategies such as establishing a&#13;
cooperative context, negotiation, peer mediation, arbitration, use of the curriculum, academic&#13;
controversy, whole school cultural change, cultural exploration, use of a religious framework&#13;
and resorting to multiculturalism and inter-faithism. The objective was to come up with a&#13;
comprehensive conflict resolution programme that would enhance learning, teaching and&#13;
peace Findings revealed that most of the syllabuses contained aspects of conflict resolution&#13;
skills development except for human rights, multiculturalism and gender education.&#13;
Management practices were bureaucratic and dictatorial, the teachers’ colleges had material&#13;
which was quite relevant but it left out information on mediation and academic controversy.&#13;
Another finding showed that culture and religion played a divisive role and school structures&#13;
showed reduced ability for supporting the development of conflict resolution skills. The study&#13;
concluded that; religion and culture are playing a divisive role, there is little existence of a&#13;
culture ofconflict resolution in classroom manangement and management practices, there are&#13;
various types of conflicts occurring in the primary schools like inter-personal and inter-group,&#13;
assessment leaves a lot to be desired and teacher’s colleges have made concerted efforts to&#13;
address conflict resolution since 2010. In view of the above findings, it is recommended that&#13;
workshops related to the development of conflict resolution skills should be mounted among&#13;
teachers, leadership and pupils, ministry of education provide schools with guidelines on&#13;
conflict resolution, non – examinable subjects to be taught, cluster to pool resourvces together&#13;
and heads and education officers should guide teachers on the implementation of the&#13;
curriculum with emphasis onconflict resolution.</text>
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                <text>ZOU</text>
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        <name>conflict resolution</name>
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                  <text>Department of Educational Studies</text>
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                <text>TOWARDS ACHIEVING QUALITY EDUCATION&#13;
IN POST COLONIAL ZIMBABWE: CHALLENGES&#13;
AND OPPORTUNITIES: A CASE STUDY OF&#13;
BANKWE CLUSTER IN MBERENGWA&#13;
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                <text>GEORGE NERVOUS SHAVA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The thesis presented to the Zimbabwe Open University grew out of the concerned efforts and&#13;
contributions of multiple actors who made their contributions some without knowing the&#13;
significance of their participation. I am especially indebted to my Supervisor Dr. Njini,&#13;
former Zimbabwe Open University Regional Director for Matabeleland North and my Co-&#13;
Supervisor Dr. Chaibva from the National University of Science and Technology. I wish to&#13;
Thank them for their support and contributions in the preparation of this documen</text>
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                <text>2011</text>
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        <name>Education</name>
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        <name>Mberengwa</name>
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        <name>Post-colonial Zimbabwe</name>
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        <name>Quality assurance</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="52">
                  <text>Department of Physical Education and Sport</text>
                </elementText>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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                <text>FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO INJURIES AMONG HANDBALL PLAYERS&#13;
IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS: A CASE STUDY OF MASVINGO PROVINCE,&#13;
ZIMBABWE.&#13;
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                <text>CHIMONERO PRINCE</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sport injury has become an inescapable occupational menace in physical and sporting circles&#13;
due to the current high entry of people into sport for competition and entertainment reasons.&#13;
This inclination has seen a shift of interest from therapeutic process towards more of injury&#13;
protective mechanisms with regard to players’ physical uprightness. This study aimed at&#13;
identifying the main risk factors that contributed to injury occurrence during training and&#13;
competition in Masvingo Province tertiary handball between 2014 and 2015. It sought to&#13;
determine and examine the relationships between external and athlete-triggered risk factors,&#13;
injury outcomes and their impact on player performance. This study was an epidemiological&#13;
prospective cohort design with 153 college players, 18-30 years drawn from ten male and&#13;
female handball teams of Masvingo Province. It was conducted with the view to recommend&#13;
plausible preventive safe playing environments from the existing high cumulative injury&#13;
incidences players experienced. A total of 242 incidental injuries players sustained were from&#13;
contact and non-contact situations. Contact injuries were greater in matches than training in&#13;
both gender but with high figures being reported in females than men. Most injuries were&#13;
located in lower limb than upper limb appendages. The most vulnerable sites were the knee,&#13;
ankle/foot, shoulder, wrist, fingers, elbow and hip. The principal injury mechanisms that&#13;
significantly contributed to injury sustenance were plant and cutting, shooting, blocking,&#13;
turning, landing and dribbling. Findings were that injury occurrence is related to the interface&#13;
between externally and athlete-related risk factors implying that injury occurrence is not&#13;
confined to a single inciting factor, but to a host of variables. Handball training regimes need&#13;
to focus on basic proprioceptive, sensomotoric, and neuromuscular aspects to address the&#13;
frequently injured body limps. Exercise-based injury prevention programs, education on&#13;
injury aetiology, identification of injury trends and situational risk factors, should be&#13;
iii&#13;
practically instituted and ingrained as correctional concerns by coaches and associations in&#13;
handball.</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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                <text>CHALLENGES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SPORT IN UNIVERSITIES IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>KAVES ZVAPANO</text>
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                <text>This study was on the challenges encountered in the management of sport in universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe and how these could be overcome. The purpose of the study was to create a&#13;
conducive environment for the development of university students sport. The study was&#13;
prompted by experiences of the researcher as a sports administrator, and also by reports that&#13;
confirmed the various challenges encountered in the management of sport in universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe. The challenges compromised the quality of performance of Zimbabwean&#13;
university sports teams at regional and international tournaments. During the study a mixed&#13;
methods approach, of both qualitative and quantitative paradigms, was employed, making it a&#13;
pragmatic approach, although the quantitative paradigm was dominant. The population of the&#13;
study was the Sports Directors of the eleven universities that were affiliated to the Zimbabwe&#13;
Universities Sports Association (ZUSA). The Sports Directors were chosen by purposive&#13;
sampling and responded to a questionnaire. Sports Team Captains, were also involved as&#13;
respondents to a different questionnaire. Students’ team coaches were involved as focus&#13;
group participants. The population also included players, supporters, officials and&#13;
administrators at the venues of the ZUSA Games. These were for observation purposes.&#13;
Opportunistic overt observations were done at three different venues of university games&#13;
over a period of one calendar year. These included one preliminary game, one ball games&#13;
final and one athletics final. The study found that management of sport in universities&#13;
encountered challenges that were related to lack of funding for sport, which generally&#13;
affected provision of resources; behaviour related challenges like cheating and indiscipline;&#13;
poor administration and lack of professionalism by coaches, officials and players. Besides,&#13;
attitude-related challenges among some university authorities, which led to trivialization of&#13;
university sport indicated by absence of clear sports policies and committees that represented&#13;
sport and, in some cases, lack of sports levy or specific funds. All these challenges negatively&#13;
affected the quality of university sport, thereby compromising performance of Zimbabwean&#13;
athletes at regional and international sports tournaments because the sport environment was&#13;
not conducive to the development of students sport. The study concluded that the various&#13;
challenges could be overcome by serious involvement and unity of purpose by all&#13;
iii&#13;
stakeholders who are the university authorities, sport management, sport officials, national&#13;
sports associations, the corporate world, alumni, the players themselves and the government&#13;
through various relevant departments. These should ensure that funding is availed for&#13;
university sport development and that formulation of effective policies on sport and their&#13;
implementation is done. Furthermore, the study established that there was need for sport&#13;
management, officiating and coaching workshops to improve university sport. Change of&#13;
attitudes through sports education would also go a long way in ensuring support and&#13;
participation that is indispensable in university sport</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2017">
                <text>ZOU</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2018">
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                <text>A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL FOR CEREAL&#13;
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                <text>The study addressed the challenges of low cereal production in the Central Region of&#13;
Mozambique. There is a persistent low level cereal production as evidenced by acute hunger&#13;
prevailing in the region, despite the condusive environment, example favourable climatic&#13;
conditions and good fertile soil for cereal production in this region.&#13;
The study sought to close the knowledge gap left by the scarcity of research in this area. More&#13;
specifically, this study investigated the main causative factors for the low production of cereals&#13;
in this part of the country. The study utilized the qualitative research paradigm, and multiple&#13;
technical methods were used in the investigation including interviews, field observation,&#13;
document review, questionnaires and group discussion as the main method of data collection.&#13;
Data were analysed and categorized for common themes and patterns. The central theme of the&#13;
analysis highlights the overall cereal production of the central region of Mozambique in relation&#13;
to the other regions. The findings revealed that cereal production in the central region of&#13;
Mozambique is very low due to a number of different interrelated number of factors, among&#13;
others lack of new or modern farming techniques such as irrigation, use of high yielding varieties&#13;
of seeds and utilization of mechanical power for cultivation of cereals on a large scale.&#13;
The concluding discussion addresses the implications for improving training approaches to&#13;
farmers, to help them develop valid and coherent personal-practical theories that match with&#13;
production reality. It also concludes that grain production in the central region of Mozambique is&#13;
low due to lack of new technologies, lack of quality seed, lack of funding for this sector by&#13;
government and gross under utilization of natural resources as most of the work is done&#13;
manually hence low grain production.&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="2012">
                <text>ZOU</text>
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                <text>ENTREPRENEURSHIP CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES IN&#13;
ZIMBABWEAN UNIVERSITIES&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2005">
                <text>STEPHEN MWENJE</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The thesis evaluated entrepreneurship curriculum implementation in Zimbabwean&#13;
universities. The thesis was prompted by shortfalls in capacitating students to create&#13;
entrepreneurial opportunities. The thesis was informed by the philosophy of pragmatism&#13;
and underpinned by theories of opportunity discovery and creation. Review of related&#13;
literature brought evidence on applicability of opportunity discovery and creation&#13;
theories. The study was a mixed method research that adopted a concurrent mixed&#13;
methods design. The population comprised of students and lecturers in 16 universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe. Two parallel samples were used. The quantitative sample was stratified and&#13;
random, with 94 lecturers and 235 students from all programmes, while the qualitative&#13;
sample was purposive, comprising lecturers and students from entrepreneurship degree&#13;
programmes. Questionnaires collected data for the quantitative inquiry while semi-&#13;
structured interviews and documentary reviews generated data for the qualitative inquiry.&#13;
Descriptive statistics presented and analysed quantitative data while thematic analysis&#13;
was used on qualitative data. Validity and reliability validated quantitative methods,&#13;
while trustworthiness validated qualitative methods. Triangulation synthesised theories&#13;
and methods while bracketing and member checking guided researcher’s values. Results&#13;
established limited incorporation of entrepreneurship curriculum into degree&#13;
programmes. Curriculum strategies were deficient in generating venture creation. The&#13;
study concluded that degree programmes fell short in capacitating students to search and&#13;
create entrepreneurial opportunities. The study proposed a model to incorporate&#13;
entrepreneurship curriculum into degree programmes. The study recommended that&#13;
university senates, deans and chairpersons develop action oriented entrepreneurship&#13;
curriculum. The study recommended research that consider university mandates.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2007">
                <text>ZOU</text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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        <name>Enterprenuership</name>
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        <name>strategies</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwean Universities</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1999">
                <text>i&#13;
STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE TEACHER MOTIVATION IN SATELLITE&#13;
SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE RESETTLEMENT AREAS OF MATABELELAND&#13;
NORTH PROVINCE&#13;
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                <text>FUNGAI SITHOLE</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The main purpose of this study was to determine strategies to improve satellite school teachers’&#13;
performance and their job satisfaction in the resettlement areas of Matabeleland North Province.&#13;
The study was guided be the following three objectives: To determine factors affecting&#13;
motivation among teachers in secondary satellite schools in Matabeleland North Province; To&#13;
establish the effects of teacher motivation on job satisfaction and performance among teachers at&#13;
secondary satellite schools in Matabeleland North resettlement; To identify motivation strategies,&#13;
that can be employed to enhance teachers’ job satisfaction and performance in secondary satellite&#13;
schools in the resettlement areas of Matabeleland North Province. A multiple case study Method&#13;
was used in the study. A sample of 22 participants was selected carefully from the target&#13;
population using a homogenous, purposive sampling method. The 22 participants comprised 15&#13;
teachers (5 per school) who took part in Focus Group Discussions (FGDs).Interviews included 2&#13;
Teachers in Charge (TICs), 3 District Education Officers and 2 teachers’ representatives (one&#13;
from PTUZ and the other one from ZIMTA). Three FDGs of five participants per group and&#13;
seven interviews with the Teachers in Charge of the schools were conducted. The D.E.Os, as&#13;
well as teachers' representatives were among the interviewed participants. When I was analysing&#13;
the data, I read repeatedly the transcripts. Preliminary themes were then identified, and classified&#13;
the quotations according to themes. The quotations were then discussed making an analytic&#13;
comparison to arrive at an interpretation and conclusion. The major findings were: Lack of&#13;
appropriate teachers’ accommodation; lack of staff rooms and classrooms; economic factors;&#13;
lack of teaching and learning resources; unfair treatment by mother schools; Health and safety;&#13;
transport infrastructure; water and sanitation; availability of shops and police stations; calibre of&#13;
pupils, social factor, government policies and work overload. Major conclusions were: the&#13;
government should directly allocate resources to satellite schools without allocating via the&#13;
mother schools; satellite school teachers deserved economic incentives due to the hardships they&#13;
were experiencing. Major recommendations were that: the Ministry of Primary and Secondary&#13;
Education should provide resources direct to these satellite schools rather than allocating&#13;
indirectly through the mother schools; the communities should find means of developing their&#13;
satellite schools and not wait up to the government. The study is summarised by a 7 points&#13;
teachers' motivation model which suggests that teachers' job satisfaction and performance in&#13;
satellite schools could be attained if the following motivational factors are observed:&#13;
accommodation; teaching and learning resources; remuneration; social factors as well as health&#13;
and safety. The main recommendation was that the responsible Ministry should adequately&#13;
motivate satellite school teachers so as to enhance their job satisfaction and performance.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2002">
                <text>ZOU</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2003">
                <text>2017</text>
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        <name>Resettlement areas</name>
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        <name>Teacher motivation</name>
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                <text>WORKPLACE COUNSELLING AS A REMEDY FOR BURNOUT:&#13;
A CASE STUDY OF OPERATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION SECTOR&#13;
RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES IN MIDLANDS REGION OF ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="1995">
                <text>SHEPHERD SHUMBA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1996">
                <text>The study investigated whether workplace counselling was a remedy for burnout&#13;
which operational nongovernmental organisation (NGO) employees experience. The&#13;
study was prompted by the fact that in Zimbabwe there is no recommended solution&#13;
to the problem of burnout. This study was premised on the qualitative research design&#13;
rooted in the interpretivist paradigm and was conducted in four operational NGOs&#13;
responding to humanitarian emergencies in Midlands Region of Zimbabwe. The&#13;
sample was made up of 8 participants from management, 22 employees from field&#13;
staff to get a total of 30 participants purposively sampled. Data were generated&#13;
through open ended questionnaires, interviews, observation and document analysis.&#13;
Ethical considerations were met through seeking permission and informed consent&#13;
from the selected NGOs and participants. Grounded theory was used as the basis for&#13;
the analysis. The results were centred on four themes which were causes of burnout,&#13;
current methods being used to prevent and treat burnout and their shortfalls and&#13;
counselling as a means to deal with burnout. The findings showed that participants&#13;
knew what burnout is and indicated that it is characterised by exhaustion, lack of&#13;
enthusiasm and motivation and feeling 'drained. Findings on causes of burnout&#13;
indicated that overworking and irrational thinking were some of the major causes of&#13;
burnout. The research results also indicated that burnout negatively affects&#13;
employees, resulting in diminished accomplishments, reduced efficacy, absenteeism,&#13;
physical illness, reduced commitment and professionalism. On current methods of&#13;
treatment of burnout, results indicate that employees largely rely on generic&#13;
counselling, natural approach and medication. However, participants pointed out that&#13;
burnout cannot be treated by medicine since it is not an infectious illness. Moreso,&#13;
drugs cannot change irrational thinking that promotes burnout and drugs whip the&#13;
adrenals. Findings showed that counselling can treat burnout through behaviour&#13;
modification and change in lifestyle. Hence, it can be concluded that counseling is a&#13;
remedy for burnout. The first key recommendation is that workplace counselling&#13;
should be provided by NGOs to employees as a remedy to burnout that employees&#13;
experience and counselling should be theory driven for it to be effective and&#13;
professional. I further recommend that medical treatment be used to treat symptoms&#13;
of burnout.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1997">
                <text>ZOU</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1998">
                <text>2017</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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        <name>non-governmental organisations</name>
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        <name>workplace counselling</name>
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