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                <text>ACCESS AND INCLUSION OF INMATES TO EDUCATION THROUGH OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING MODE&#13;
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                <text>INSURING TOBACCO CROP BY MT DARWIN DISTRICT SMALLHOLDER&#13;
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                <text>DELIWE  TEMBACHAKO </text>
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                <text> GILLIET  CHIGUNWE</text>
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                <text>In recent years, tobacco farming has taken an increase among smallholder farmers in&#13;
Zimbabwe. High and immediate payments made by buyers of tobacco have caused this shift&#13;
to tobacco farming especially in Mt Darwin district of Zimbabwe. Hence even after the&#13;
Zimbabwe land acquisition and distribution around the year 2000, more small-holder farmers&#13;
both in the newly resettled farmland and communal areas have taken up tobacco farming as a&#13;
lucrative cash crop. Previously it was a preserve of commercial farmers. Of interest to note is&#13;
that Commercial farmers insured the crop to guard against natural hazards and risks. In recent&#13;
years, climatic risk has grown considerably in Zimbabwe especially in the Dande valley and&#13;
Mt Darwin district has not been spared. Consequently, the insurance, reinsurance, and&#13;
financial markets in Zimbabwe have been noted to contribute to hedging against more natural&#13;
hazards. Whilst such insurance facilities are there, some farmers who have lost crops against&#13;
natural hazards in Mt Darwin were noted not to have insured their crops. The study sought to&#13;
answer the following questions; Are smallholder farmers in Mt Darwin aware of the&#13;
importance of insuring tobacco? What views do these farmers have towards tobacco&#13;
insurance? What factors hinder some farmers from adopting tobacco insurance? Descriptive&#13;
survey design was used for this research. Convenient sampling was used to select 5 wards out&#13;
of 34 wards and random sampling of 50 farmers was made. Raw data gathered from&#13;
questionnaires was analysed by using descriptive techniques. Findings indicated that farmers&#13;
are not quite aware of the risks in tobacco production and they view insuring the crop as not&#13;
necessary. They are not conversant with the issue of crop insurance thus lack of much&#13;
experience in tobacco production as well as minimized loss of the crop to natural hazards&#13;
were significant factors thwarting farmers from insuring tobacco</text>
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                <text>AARJMD VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2 (JULY 2015) ISSN : 2319 - 2801&#13;
Asian Academic Research Journal of Multidisciplinary</text>
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                <text>INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON DHS IN AFRICA</text>
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                <text>The DHS program has conducted nationally-representative surveys worldwide, including Africa, since the mid-1980s.&#13;
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been a special issue of a journal focusing on analysis of DHS data. The idea for a special issue on the theme of DHS&#13;
in Africa emerged during the 2013 DHS Fellows program. It was determined that the African Population Studies&#13;
Journal, as the only peer-reviewed bilingual journal of population studies in Africa, would be the most appropriate&#13;
host for a special issue. On behalf of the team from the Zimbabwe Open University, I approached the Editor-in-Chief&#13;
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                <text>INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GOVERNMENT</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>What is Government in Political Science? What precisely does it cover? These are some of the&#13;
questions that spring to the mind of thee student faced with a choice of study at the university or college in the&#13;
social and humanistic sciences. Political Science is an unknown field to the first-year student who has had&#13;
nothing to do with it at high school, and the first thing we have to do is to define and explain what the term&#13;
‘government’ covers.&#13;
At first glance, the question seems a simple one, and one likely to give little trouble to anyone&#13;
acquainted with the subject. Yet, the fact is that despite centuries of scientific investigation and inquiry into the&#13;
nature of government, no satisfactory definition has yet been suggested. This journal article makes a&#13;
contribution to define and explain the term ‘government’</text>
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                <text>PEDAGOGIC POSSIBILITIES OF ICTS AND TECHNOLOGY AFFORDANCES IN AN INCREASINGLY NETWORKED ENVIRONMENT IN SUPPORT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT</text>
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                <text>The research project seeks new opportunities/ directions of learning and teaching in an increasingly&#13;
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development. The research agenda is aimed at studying how interconnected information and&#13;
communication technologies (ICTs) can expand the reach of educational opportunities and improve&#13;
learning outcomes as technology affordances. The main research question is - What are the pedagogic&#13;
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                <text>AFRICAN CONTEXT FOR TECHNOLOGICAL FUTURES FOR DIGITAL&#13;
LEARNING AND THE ENDOGENOUS GROWTH OF A KNOWLEDGE&#13;
ECONOMY&#13;
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                <text>GABRIEL KABANDA</text>
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                <text>The Southern African countries, embodied as the Southern African Development Community (SADC)&#13;
region, face sustainable development problems and low global competitiveness. Innovation in the&#13;
education sector presents a promissory note that can stimulate an endogenous growth of the&#13;
knowledge economy and reduction of poverty. Technological futures in digital learning are largely&#13;
influenced by complexity, simulation and modeling, and decision-making capabilities. The paper is&#13;
purposed to develop an endogenous growth model for a knowledge economy for SADC countries&#13;
where digital learning is the engine for sustainable growth with its associated technological futures and&#13;
complexity. The learners in ubiquitous learning environments are able to access the various contents&#13;
on the Web, search the electronic databases, interactively communicate with instructors and other&#13;
learners and obtain knowledge anytime and anywhere through wireless technologies. The diffusion&#13;
discourse and the social embedded innovation can achieve a desirable impact in development, mainly&#13;
through ICTs for development (ICT4D). Social media is one area that has introduced complexity in the&#13;
digital learning environment. Chaos Theory is used to seek understanding of the aperiodic behaviour in&#13;
deterministic, non-linear dynamical systems in a digital learning environment and the design thereof.&#13;
The Lorenz attractor for such a learning environment is innovation that brings solutions and relevancy&#13;
to the developmental agenda, with Lyapunov exponents expressed by divergent trajectories of ICT4D.&#13;
The Jacobian matrix grows exponentially with each technology that goes through diffusion and&#13;
adoption. The Neo-classic theory of growth is about technical progress premised on exogenous factors&#13;
and driven by labour, capital and technology. Technology diffusion in SADC is not exogenous. The&#13;
endogenous growth theory is a model of long-run economic growth that emphasizes that technological&#13;
change is influenced by economic incentives and a great diversity of resources in an African&#13;
environment, which largely supports innovation, an embodiment of knowledge in capital and learning&#13;
by doing. The mixed method methodology is used in this research, which is a research study of the&#13;
SADC region countries. Mixed methods often combine nomothetic and idiographic approaches in an&#13;
attempt to serve the dual purposes of generalisation and in-depth understanding—to gain an overview&#13;
of social regularities from a larger sample while understanding the other through detailed study of a&#13;
smaller sample. The methodology used was largely qualitative on human capital development and&#13;
technology diffusion, and quantitative on GDP and Infodensity covering 18 countries in East and&#13;
Southern Africa. The 18 countries covered by the qualitative study are South Africa, Angola, Bostwana,&#13;
Burundi, D.R. Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda,&#13;
Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. An endogenous model for sustainable economic&#13;
growth is developed through panel data analysis. Panel Data is a data set that contains repeated&#13;
observations over time, i.e., observations on multiple phenomena observed over multiple time periods&#13;
for the same firms, individuals, households, enterprises, countries, or any set of entities that remain&#13;
stable through time. An endogenous model for a knowledge economy for SADC countries is proposed.</text>
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                <text>Basic Research Journal of Engineering Innovation</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>Chaos Theory</name>
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        <name>digital learning environment</name>
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        <name>endogenous growth model</name>
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        <name>ICT4D</name>
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        <name>Knowledge economy</name>
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        <name>sustainable development</name>
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        <name>technological future</name>
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                <text>KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES REGARDING&#13;
HIV AND AIDS AMONG UNIVERSITY EMPLOYEES&#13;
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                <text>KUDAKWASHE SITHOLE</text>
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                <text>SEKAI NOREEN GORE </text>
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                <text>KUDZANAYI GONDO</text>
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                <text>HIV and AIDS have caused serious impacts on sustainable development in all sectors of the economy&#13;
including higher education. The need to assess risk in higher education in Africa is lacking. This piece of work&#13;
adds on to existing knowledge on HIV and AIDS among higher education institutions on knowledge, attitudes and&#13;
practices regarding the epidemic. An HIV and AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices analysis was conducted&#13;
among university employees. Data was collected using 100 questionnaires and 12 in-depth interviews from both&#13;
academic and non academic staff and descriptive statistics were used to analyse data from questionnaires and&#13;
thematic content analysis was carried out to analyse interviews. The results show that there are high knowledge&#13;
levels above 80% of HIV and AIDS, STIs among both academic and non-academic staff of all age groups and there&#13;
is no significant difference between age groups and job categories. Reported attitudes show low risk attitudes. This&#13;
however does not require that universities should not implement comprehensive HIV and AIDS programmes&#13;
because the impact of the epidemic can not be ignored.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research </text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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        <name>university employees.</name>
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                <text>DISTANCE EDUCATION&#13;
AN EMPOWERING&#13;
DISCIPLINE OR JUST A PASSING RAGE: A CASE OF ODL INSTITUTIONS IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>THOMAS M. KAPUTA&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>JUDITH TAFANGOMBE</text>
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                <text>This study is on graduates’ perceived feelings on how Distance Education (DE) offering institutions in Zimbabwe&#13;
have empowered them. We asked the question: Is DE an empowering discipline or a passing rage which is being&#13;
used by most institutions as a raison d’être. The development of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institutions in&#13;
the world has largely been done by conventional Universities. Distance educators agree that distance education&#13;
includes both distance learning and teaching. With the advent of changes in industry’s demand for more qualified&#13;
personnel that may need to be trained whilst on the job, conventional universities and colleges have failed to cope.&#13;
The economies of scale of this approach saw many people getting qualifications whilst they were on the job.&#13;
Governments who are the recipients of most of the graduates get concerned when most of their people are not&#13;
educated. This has resulted in the development of the single and dual mode institutions of distance education to a&#13;
large extent with the latter preceding. In this study which was carried out in the beginning of 2013. A qualitative&#13;
research paradigm was used focusing on the graduates of DE from both conventional and ODL institutions. This was&#13;
a phenomenological design because it dwelt on a careful description and analysis of the participants’ life world and&#13;
the meaning extracted thereof. Participants who included graduates, employers and lecturers were conveniently&#13;
selected from the different institutions in Zimbabwe. The sample consisted of ten graduates from eight institutions.&#13;
We used an on line open ended interview schedule, personal accounts and document analysis to collect data. This&#13;
provided us with an opportunity to look at different worldviews of the empowerment phenomenon. The findings&#13;
show mixed reactions from graduates on their empowerment status. Fierce competition is rife between institutions&#13;
raising ethical, business and quality issues. We recommend that policy be put in place to fine tune this DE to&#13;
empower all graduates regardless of their institution</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="511">
                <text>Greener Journal of Educational Research</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>discipline</name>
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        <name>empowering</name>
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        <name>qualitative research</name>
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        <name>single and dual modes</name>
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                <text>ZIMBABWEAN INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS (ZIK)&#13;
- IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CURRICULUM &#13;
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                <text>RITTAH KASOWE </text>
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                <text>First part of the paper, examined conceptual issues associated with Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IK),&#13;
including the nature of the intersection between Science and IK. We reflected on methodological pluralism, and&#13;
knowledge production. Intellectual property rights and empowerment are examined. We then explored the&#13;
multiple linkages between IK and the curriculum, in terms of needs, goals, teaching strategies and instructional&#13;
resources. We reflect on anticipated outcomes and methods of evaluation. We also discussed the role of the&#13;
library media center, and the library consultant, in curriculum planning with respect to IK. Our emphasis was on&#13;
those components of IK which describe, explain, predict and try to negotiate nature. Firstly we explore some&#13;
curriculum models and approaches relevant to our discourse, and various dimensions of teaching, learning and&#13;
researching Zimbabwe Indigenous Knowledge (ZIK), through the use of 'oral traditions' and other&#13;
methodologies. Secondly we provided specific instructional guidelines on African Traditional Medicine,&#13;
Mathematics and Food Processing, Selected readings and multimedia resources are identified along with&#13;
current instructional and research challenges. We specified whether ZIK, has specific implications for&#13;
democratization, community empowerment, nation building, sustainable development, capacity building and&#13;
intellectual development in Zimbabwe and Africa as a whole, in the 21st century.</text>
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                <text>Prime Research on Education (PRE</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>INTEGRATING ON-LINE LEARNING INTO TRADITIONAL OPEN AND&#13;
DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) PROGRAMMES: CHALLENGES AND&#13;
PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN SUB SAHARAN UNIVERSITIES&#13;
</text>
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                <text>RITTAH KASOWE </text>
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                <text>STEPHEN MWENJE</text>
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                <text>Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development has helped Open and Distance&#13;
Learning (ODL) universities world wide reach out to many global students through on line programmes.&#13;
Many ODL institutions in developed countries have registered success in their on-line programmes. In&#13;
Africa integrating on line learning into existing traditional programmes has legged behind. It is&#13;
therefore critical to find out how best on- line programmes can be effectively integrated into existing&#13;
traditional programmes. It is also critical to identify ways not to affect the integrity of successful&#13;
programmes currently being offered through traditional modes. This paper seeks to investigate the&#13;
views of stratified randomly selected students; tutors’ and former students on how best to implement&#13;
on-line learning into traditional ODL programmes at the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) Data will be&#13;
gathered through interviews and questionnaires. The findings of this study shall provide answers to the&#13;
challenges emanating from staffs and students’ ICT skills</text>
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                <text>Global Advanced Research Journal of Educational Research and Review </text>
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                <text>ENHANCING QUALITY OF UNIVERSITY E-LEARNING PROCESSES:&#13;
STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION IN A BLENDED LEARNING&#13;
ENVIRONMENT AT THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY (ZOU)&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>STEPHEN MWENJE</text>
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                <text>Increasing competition from transnational Universities has forced many Universities in Africa to provide (ODL)&#13;
through -learning technologies. In many cases E-learning is provided in partnerships with external providers or&#13;
exclusively as foreign online programmes. Such E-learning provisions are not indigenous to receiving students&#13;
as they are transplants from the source countries. However, universities in Africa have to become competitive&#13;
by improving the quality of their programmes through blending traditional systems with e -learning. Quality&#13;
enhancement of technology based teaching systems is a challenge especially to universities in the Sub-&#13;
Saharan Africa seeking to add E-learning to their traditional systems to attract and retain students. This study&#13;
seeks to explore stakeholder participation strategies that can be utilized to enhance the quality of blended&#13;
learning services at the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU). A case study methodology was used to gather data&#13;
from a randomly selected ZOU Students and tutors from the University’s two of the ten regions. Questionnaires&#13;
and interviews were used as main data collection instruments. The findings of this study shall contribute to&#13;
theory and practice of university e-learning and quality enhancement</text>
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                <text>Prime Research on Education (PRE)</text>
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                <text>BUILDING SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION FUTURES FOR THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN SUB-CONTINENT</text>
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                <text>RITTAH KASOWE </text>
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                <text>An assessment of effects of gender on affective organizational commitment of teachers in Zimbabwe.&#13;
In Zimbabwe there has been an outcry on poor performance of students at all levels. It has been noted&#13;
that yearly students’ O level percentage pass rate has declined up to 19.5 % in 2011 to 18.4% in&#13;
2012. This has raised concern amongst the stakeholders. Previously low performance has been&#13;
attributed to inadequacy of resources and poor remuneration. In 2009 the Ministry of Education Art&#13;
Sports and Culture introduced incentives to lure the teachers so that they help the majority of&#13;
people in the country until the employer had adequate funds to cushion teachers’ salaries. In 2010 -&#13;
2011 primary schools were given books and sports kits by the UNICEF under the ETF programme&#13;
and secondary schools in 2012. However this has not made a positive impact on pupil performance.&#13;
Most of the blame has been put on teachers’ affective commitment to their work. Considering that the&#13;
majority of teachers are females, the main question is whether gender is related to affective&#13;
organizational commitment of teachers’ performance in Zimbabwe? Employee affective commitment&#13;
is important because high levels of it leads to several favorable organizational outcomes. This is a&#13;
descriptive survey where data will be collected from stratified random sampled teachers using qu&#13;
estionnaires and interviews</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="534">
                <text>International Journal of Current Research&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>Affective organizational commitment gender.</name>
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        <name>Organizational commitment</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>STUDENT INVOLVEMENT IN ENHANCING STUDENT, RETENTION,&#13;
PERSISTENCE AND SUCCESS IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING&#13;
AT ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="537">
                <text>STEPHEN MWENJE &#13;
</text>
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                <text>RITTAH KASOWE&#13;
</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The study sought to establish how student involvement could enhance student retention, persistence and&#13;
success in Open and Distance Learning at Zimbabwe Open University for it to become a world class&#13;
university. Open and Distance Learning (ODL) systems in Sub-Saharan Africa institutions are grappling with&#13;
fiscal challenges of low state funding and low student numbers against a background of increasing&#13;
proliferation. African ODL systems are pursuing world class visions to effectively determine and monitor&#13;
variables that affect student retention, persistence and success. With Open and Distance Learning, students&#13;
are now being considered as the largest stakeholders. Investing time and money in learning, Open and&#13;
Distance Learning institutions ought to orient partnerships to retain their students throughout the course of&#13;
their learning. This research sought to find out how student persistence and success in Open and Distance&#13;
Learning could be enhanced through customer feedback approaches at the Zimbabwe Open University. The&#13;
case study survey design was used to gather data from randomly selected forty final year students and ten&#13;
alumni members. The interview and the questionnaire were used as data collection instruments. The study&#13;
established that assignments contribute much to students’ persistence and success to learning, hence the&#13;
commenting need to be thorough. Tutorial sessions were found to be theoretically based and lacking&#13;
practical activities, and some concepts in modules were viewed difficult to be conceptualized by students.&#13;
Academic advisory services being given to students were enhancing learning; however, they lacked the&#13;
social aspects.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>African Educational Research Journal</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>distance learning.</name>
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        <name>student involvement</name>
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        <name>student persistence</name>
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        <name>Student retention</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>OBSTACLES TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HIV/AIDS CURRICULUM IN&#13;
GURUVE DISTRICT SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ZIMBABWE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="543">
                <text>RITTAH KASOWE</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="544">
                <text>The aim of this present study was to investigate constraints faced by secondary school teachers&#13;
in the teaching and learning of HIV/AIDS education in Guruve District in Mashonaland Province&#13;
of Zimbabwe. Specifically, it focused on HIV/AIDS content, evaluation of the subject, teacher&#13;
qualifications, availability of resources, methodology as well as syllabus interpretation. The&#13;
quantitative methodology was used and the descriptive survey design employed. The population&#13;
consisted of all the 840 secondary school teachers in the district. Random sampling was used to&#13;
select the 200 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The study revealed that&#13;
teachers were finding it very difficult to discuss sex related issues with children. The study also&#13;
revealed that teachers lacked the knowledge and confidence to teach HIV/AIDS education. The&#13;
study recommends that teachers should be given proper training in the teaching of HIV/AIDS&#13;
education. There is also need for teachers to be provided with relevant and adequate resources to&#13;
effectively guide pupils on this subject</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="545">
                <text>IJRDO-Journal of Educational Research</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>2017</text>
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        <name>Constraints</name>
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        <name>Learning</name>
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        <name>secondary school teachers</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="547">
                <text>ZIMBABWEAN DIABETICS' BELIEFS ABOUT HEALTH AND&#13;
ILLNESS: AN INTERVIEW STUDY&#13;
</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="548">
                <text>KATARINA HJELM &#13;
&#13;
</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="549">
                <text>ESTHER MUFUNDA</text>
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      <tag tagId="239">
        <name>diabetic</name>
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      <tag tagId="238">
        <name>health sciences</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwe</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>MAIZE-COWPEA INTERCROPPING AND WEED&#13;
SUPPRESSION IN LEAF STRIPPED AND DETASSELLED&#13;
MAIZE IN ZIMBABWE</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="551">
                <text> R.D. KATSARUWARE&#13;
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                <text>I. O. MANYANHAIRE</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>A study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of cowpea (Vigna anguiculata) varieties&#13;
for maize-cowpea intercropping in leaf stripped and detasselled maize at the University&#13;
of Zimbabwe Farm during the 2005/6 cropping season. A Randomized Complete Block&#13;
Design (RCBD 4*3*2 factorial experimental design was adopted. Three factors that&#13;
included cowpea variety, cropping system and detasselling/leaf stripping were used for&#13;
the design. Trailing and climbing varieties invested more dry matter to vegetative growth&#13;
than the new upright bushy cultivars that invested most of their dry matter in grain yield.&#13;
Leafstripping and detasselling significantly increased cowpea grain and maize yields.&#13;
Sole cowpea grain yield was significantly higher than grain yield from their respective&#13;
intercrops. Weed density significantly (P&lt;0.01) decreased at 6 weeks after crop&#13;
emergence (WACE and at maize physiological maturity (PM), and biomass decreased at&#13;
6 (WACE) and maize (PM) respectively. Weed density was reduced in the intercrops&#13;
when maize was intercropped with CBC3, BEB and L. Landrace. In contrast R.ex-Mbare&#13;
was not effective in suppressing weeds when intercropped with maize. Leafstripping and&#13;
detasselling maize at anthesis can be used by smallholder farmers to increase the&#13;
productivity of maize and cowpea</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="554">
                <text>Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>2009</text>
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        <name>adaptability</name>
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        <name>detasselled.</name>
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        <name>intercropping</name>
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        <name>leafstripped</name>
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      <tag tagId="243">
        <name>productivity</name>
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                <text>MOBILE MONEY IN ZIMBABWE: INTEGRATING MOBILE&#13;
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INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROCESSES&#13;
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                <text>The emergence of mobile money in Zimbabwe has proved very popular as organisations across sectors&#13;
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research, seeks to establish whether and how the organisations involved meet the operational&#13;
integration component of the strategic alignment model. Specifically operational fit between&#13;
organisational and mobile infrastructure and processes through determining mobile money&#13;
infrastructure and processes and the associated organisational infrastructure and processes within a&#13;
mobile money ecosystem. The research established that a number of institutions have tried to redesign&#13;
and repackage the product, but not all were successful. The failure was attributed to improper alignment&#13;
between the available technologies and organisational processes and infrastructure. The research&#13;
further exposes that operationally integrated organisations ensures that alignment components&#13;
involved are adequate and well reinforced through adequate governance structures, however skills&#13;
does not necessarily have to be adequate but must be present.</text>
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                <text>HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH ON&#13;
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                <text>EFFICACY OF LANTANA (LANTANA CAMARA) EXTRACT APPLICATION&#13;
AGAINST APHIDS (BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE) IN RAPE&#13;
(BRASSICA NAPUS) OVER VARIED PERIODS OF TIME&#13;
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                <text>African Journal of Biotechnology</text>
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                <text>DETERMINATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF SINIGRIN GLUCOSINOLATES IN ALTERNARIA&#13;
SOLANI SUSCEPTIBLE TOMATO ( SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM ) LEAVES TREATED WITH&#13;
MORINGA ( MORINGA OLEIFERA ) LEAF E…&#13;
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                <text>CULVER MVUMI&#13;
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                <text>ELIZABETH NGADZE&#13;
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                <text>DIANA MARAIS</text>
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                <text>Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The study investigates the presence and quantity of anti-&#13;
microbial sinigrin glucosinolates in tomato leaves after&#13;
spraying them with moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract&#13;
(MLAE). Moringa concentrates (0.5, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.5 kg L�1&#13;
(w v�1&#13;
)) were prepared. Distilled water was the control.&#13;
Sampled tomato leaves were air-dried, freeze-dried and&#13;
extracted firstly using pure methanol in a hot water bath&#13;
and then pellet re-extracted using 5 mL of hot aqueous&#13;
methanol (70% v v�1 ). An ion exchange column, and sul-&#13;
phatase was used to achieve glucosiodesulphonation. High&#13;
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed&#13;
in the identification and quantitative analysis of the sinigrin&#13;
glucosinolates. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves&#13;
treated with MLAE revealed highly significant (p &lt; .001) con-&#13;
tent of sinigrin glucosinolates. The sinigrin standard and the&#13;
desulphated sinigrin glucosinolates had a 7 s retention time&#13;
difference; 5 kg L�1 (w v�1&#13;
) resulted in a superior amount of&#13;
sinigrin in tomato leaves as compared to all the other MLAE&#13;
concentrations. The study reveals that spraying MLAE on&#13;
putatively diseased tomato leaves donates specific quantifi-&#13;
able glucosinolates like sinigrin, which may be involved in&#13;
defense against tomato diseases and, hence, recommends&#13;
use of 5 kg L�1 (w v�1&#13;
) for the highest sinigrin defense tag.</text>
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                <text>SIGNIFICANCE OF LITTER SIZE, DURATION OF DRY PERIOD AND STAGE OF PREGNACY ON&#13;
MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION IN DAIRY ANIMALS&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>Scientific Journal of Review</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>The factors influencing the amount and composition of&#13;
produced milk can be divided into two groups, namely internal&#13;
and external factors. This is very important to remember when&#13;
evaluating the milk quality and in the improvement of milk yield&#13;
and composition in a dairy enterprise. Of the external factors it&#13;
is possible to mention a few, litter size, duration of dry period&#13;
and stage of pregnancy. The present discussion explores the&#13;
significance of litter size, duration of dry period and pregnancy&#13;
on milk yield and composition in dairy production. In goats and&#13;
sheep dams bearing twins or triplets had higher milk yield than&#13;
single bearing dams, and this significant increase in milk&#13;
production in these dams that carried twins and triplets was&#13;
followed by an increase in lactation length. Due to the amount&#13;
of milk animal produce, the drying-off process is often more&#13;
complicated for dairy animals (cattle, goats and some sheep).&#13;
However, this period is essential to enables dams to regain the&#13;
body condition needed to support the subsequent pregnancy&#13;
and lactation. The majority of dairy animals dry off&#13;
spontaneously because of the aforementioned natural decrease&#13;
in daily milk production. The length of dry period influences&#13;
milk production in the subsquent lactation, with shortening of&#13;
the dry period showing a markedly negative effect on milk&#13;
performance of dams. Lactating animals should have an opportunity to rest and regenerate mammary tissue between&#13;
lactations. For optimal dairy animal performance in the next&#13;
lactation, lactating animals should have an opportunity to rest&#13;
and regenerate mammary tissue between lactations. The&#13;
amount of produced milk and its composition are influenced by&#13;
the stage of pregnancy, in the first half of pregnancy it is not&#13;
possible to observe any pronounced changes while in the&#13;
second stage of pregnancy can observe a gradual decrease in&#13;
milk production as well as an imcrease in levels of individual&#13;
milk components. During pregnancy and the first few days&#13;
postpartum, milk supply is hormonally driven – this is called the&#13;
endocrine control system. This implies that in the course of&#13;
lactation, changes in milk production are caused by changes in&#13;
activities of the endocrine system that are caused by hormones&#13;
sectreted by pitiutary gland (hypophysis cerebi) and placenta.&#13;
During the latter part of pregnancy, the mammary gland is&#13;
making colostrum, but high levels of progesterone inhibit milk&#13;
secretion resulting reduced milk yield. Progesterone influences&#13;
the growth in size of alveoli and lobes; high levels of&#13;
progesterone inhibit lactation before birth. Progesterone levels&#13;
drop after birth; this triggers the onset of copious milk&#13;
production. Estrogen stimulates the milk duct system to grow&#13;
and differentiate. Like progesterone, high levels of estrogen&#13;
also inhibit lactation, while the hormone prolactin must be&#13;
present for milk synthesis to occur.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>EFFECT OF MORINGA EXTRACT ON GROWTH AND&#13;
YIELD OF MAIZE AND COMMON BEANS&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>CULVER MVUMI</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="592">
                <text>FANUEL TAGWIRA </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="593">
                <text>ALBERT ZVENHAMO CHITEKA&#13;
</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="594">
                <text>An evaluation on the potential benefit of using Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a&#13;
growth hormone on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and maize (Zea mays)&#13;
was done. Trials were carried out in the greenhouse and field. In the greenhouse,&#13;
five treatments were used: control (M0, only water applied), second control (ME,&#13;
only ethanol applied), moringa extract (in 80% ethanol) applied (on leaves) once at&#13;
2 weeks from emergence (M1), moringa extract applied at 2 and 4 weeks from&#13;
emergence (M2), and moringa extract applied every 2 weeks to maturity from two&#13;
weeks from germination (M3). The same treatments were adopted in the field&#13;
except ME, which was considered unnecessary after observing the results of the&#13;
greenhouse experiment. Results showed that moringa extract increased growth&#13;
and yield of beans in both greenhouse and field, and of maize in the field. However,&#13;
the extract showed no significant effect on DM yield, root DM or plant height of&#13;
maize in the greenhouse. The highest DM and root weight, height and crop yields&#13;
in greenhouse and field experiments for beans, and for maize in the field only, were&#13;
obtained at M3. The study recommends the application of extract at M3</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="595">
                <text>Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="596">
                <text>2013</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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        </elementContainer>
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      <tag tagId="267">
        <name>common beans</name>
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      <tag tagId="129">
        <name>growth hormone</name>
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      <tag tagId="266">
        <name>maize</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>Moringa oleifera leaf extract</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="599">
                <text>SOYA BEAN &amp; MAIZE VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="600">
                <text> GIDEON CHIUKIRA</text>
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                <text>SANDRA JURU</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="602">
                <text>The purpose of the presentation is to highlight and recommend promising agricultural chains that&#13;
can be developed to give meaningful economic benefits to small holder farmers. This will be&#13;
anchored on sustainable partnership with the private sector. This paper will aim to analyze and&#13;
assess the leading agriculture value chains which can be done in partnership with NGOs.This&#13;
will act as guide to government in formulation of policies that would facilitate the springing up&#13;
of small holder based viable value chains, which can have potential to yield increased&#13;
production, incomes and employment through enhanced participation and involvement of small&#13;
holder farmers. The value chains study includes maize, dairy and soya beans. The data was&#13;
collected through desk review and interviews with the small holder farmers and stakeholders in&#13;
value chains additions. Value chains addition is the way to go if the Land Reform is to record&#13;
resounding successes for the small holder farmer.</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="603">
                <text>Agriculture Value Chain Analysis </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="268">
        <name>agricultural analysis</name>
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      <tag tagId="266">
        <name>maize</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="269">
        <name>soya beans</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="270">
        <name>value chain</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="604">
                <text>COMPARISON OF GROWTH AND YIELD ADAPTABILITY INDICATORS&#13;
OF TWO MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) CULTIVARS UNDER PLANTING&#13;
BASIN TECHNIQUE IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="605">
                <text>STEPHEN MUTUNGWE&#13;
 </text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="606">
                <text>CULVER MVUMI&#13;
&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="607">
                <text>SEKAI ANNASTASIA MANYIWO</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="608">
                <text>Vol. 16(1), pp. 51-57, 4 January 2017&#13;
DOI: 10.5897/AJB2015.15134&#13;
Article Number: 34843B162248&#13;
ISSN 1684-5315&#13;
Copyright © 2017&#13;
Author(s) retain the copyright of this article&#13;
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB&#13;
African Journal of Biotechnology&#13;
Full Length Research Paper&#13;
Comparison of growth and yield adaptability indicators&#13;
of two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars under planting&#13;
basin technique in Zimbabwe&#13;
Stephen Mutungwe1* Culver Mvumi1 and Sekai Annastasia Manyiwo2&#13;
1Zimbabwe Open University, Faculty of Agriculture, Stand No. 992 C Avenue, Mutare, Zimbabwe.&#13;
2Chinhoyi University of Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Private Bag 7724, Zimbabwe.&#13;
Received 30 November, 2015; Accepted 27 October, 2016&#13;
In eastern semi-arid Zimbabwe, planting basins are mostly used to boost maize yields, but still low&#13;
yields are often obtained due to poor choices of varieties to grow . A comparative study of growth and&#13;
yield of the only two locally and commonly grown Pioneer cultivars (P2859W and PHB3253) under&#13;
planting basin technique (PBT) was carried out to determine a more adaptable cultivar in Guhune,&#13;
eastern Zimbabwe (NR IV). The study was done in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons. An&#13;
experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with the two cultivars, each&#13;
replicated four times. Yield, leaf length and plant height were measured and averaged. Results showed&#13;
that PHB3253 had growth of 75.2 cm after measuring at 2 weeks interval for 10 weeks. Its growth was&#13;
significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher in terms of plant height than P2859W. Leaf length of P2859W was not&#13;
significantly (p&gt;0.05) greater than PHB3253. Grain yield of PHB3253 (35.1 kg) was significantly (p&lt;0.05)&#13;
greater than that of P2859W (26.6 kg). PHB 3253 is therefore more adaptable to semi-arid conditions&#13;
under basin technique as signified by its higher growth and yield than P2859W. It is therefore&#13;
recommended that farmers who use planting basins in semi-arid areas for growing short season maize&#13;
cultivars (P2859W and PHB3253) should opt for PHB3253 for better productivity.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="609">
                <text>African Journal of Biotechnology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="610">
                <text>2017</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="116">
        <name>Adaptation</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="271">
        <name>Early maturing cultivars</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="272">
        <name>PHB3253 and P2859W performance</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
