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                <text>CYBER-SECURITY GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK AND ITS EFFECTS ON ZIMBABWE&#13;
LOCAL AUTHORITIES: A REVIEW PAPER&#13;
1&#13;
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                <text>BRIAN CHUNDU</text>
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                <text> DR TAVENGWA MASAMHA</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this review paper was to analyse literature related to cyber-security governance&#13;
frameworks effects in Zimbabwe local authorities. Cyber-security governance is a developing&#13;
subject with an expanding literature. It is founded in information technology governance but is&#13;
also increasing its recognition in business management. However, there is dearth of literature&#13;
on the effectiveness of cyber-security governance framework in Zimbabwe local authorities.&#13;
The authors reviewed journal papers, conference papers, theses and books from various&#13;
databases namely Google Scholar and ProQuest. The study showed that cyber-security&#13;
governance enables the formulation of a cyber-security governance framework which has a&#13;
great impact on the performance of local authorities in Zimbabwe. In addition, a cyber-security&#13;
governance framework improves organisation’s decision making, risk governance and&#13;
compliance. Conversely, a cyber-security governance framework is inflexible and overly&#13;
systematic. The paper also contributed to the body of knowledge in the fields of cyber-security&#13;
governance as well as other related studies thereby supporting literature brought forward by&#13;
other researchers</text>
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                <text>2025</text>
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        <name>Cyber-security governance framework</name>
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                <text>ZIMSEC’S ONLINE RESULTS CHECKING SYSTEM: A PARENT-GUARDIAN PERCEPTION SURVEY&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>BRIGHTON TARUBEREKERA </text>
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                <text>This study investigates the effectiveness of the Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) online results system through a parent-guardian perception survey. With the introduction of a digital platform in 2019, ZIMSEC enabled candidates to access, view and download examination results directly from its official website. This study aims to evaluate how this online system is received by parents and guardians, focusing on their perspectives on its benefits, challenges, and potential areas for improvement. The research explores the perceived advantages of accessing results online, such as convenience and accessibility, while also highlighting concerns related to security, reliability and ease of use. The study employs a qualitative methodology, to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the online results system impacts Zimbabwean families and offers recommendations for enhancing functionality and user experience.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Education </text>
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                <text>2026</text>
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        <name>Education</name>
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        <name>examination results</name>
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        <name>Online results system</name>
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      <tag tagId="1329">
        <name>technology</name>
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      <tag tagId="1331">
        <name>Zimbabwe education system</name>
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                <text>THE EFFECTS OF PLANTING METHODS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF&#13;
GROUNDNUT (&#13;
ARACHIS HYPOGAEA) CULTIVAR NATAL COMMON IN AFRICA&#13;
SOUTH OF THE SAHARA&#13;
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                <text>C  MVUMI</text>
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                <text>S WASHAYA</text>
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                <text>C RUSWA</text>
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                <text>The most appropriate planting method to use for optimum growth and yield of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea)&#13;
in Africa South of the Sahara (ASS) among those currently used is not known, as the methods are highly&#13;
influenced by environmental conditions in specific regions. Investigations of the effects of planting methods on&#13;
growth and yield of a groundnut cultivar (cv.) (NTC), under rainfed conditions were carried out. Treatments used&#13;
were planting on flat ground (FG), earthing up after planting on flat ground (EFG) and planting on ridges (R).&#13;
Flat ground was considered as the standard (control). The parameters measured for growth were plant height,&#13;
stem width and number of leaves, while those for yield were grain yield, pod yield and number of pods plant-1.&#13;
Results showed that the planting methods used significantly (P&lt;0.001) increased number of leaves plant-1of NTC.&#13;
All treatment means were significantly (P&lt;0.05) different, and R had the greatest mean number of leaves.&#13;
Treatments did not significantly (P= 0.533) increase grain yield; only the R mean grain yield was significantly&#13;
(P&lt;0.05) greater, compared to the other two methods. Panting on ridges (R), followed by EFG, had higher&#13;
number of leaves, number of pods plant-1 and increased grain yield, which, thus outweighing FT. Increase in the&#13;
number of leaves, which are important for growth, and pod yield plant-1, are thought to be responsible for the&#13;
ultimate increase grain yield. It is recommended that groundnuts should be planted on R in SSA in order to&#13;
cherish the highest production benefits of NTC groundnut</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="391">
                <text>International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="392">
                <text>2018</text>
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        <name>Environmental differences</name>
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      <tag tagId="141">
        <name>Groundnut cultivar natal common</name>
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      <tag tagId="131">
        <name>Growth</name>
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      <tag tagId="142">
        <name>Planting methods</name>
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        <name>Yield.</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN RESOLVING CHURCH CONFLICTS. A CASE OF THE SALVATION ARMY, BINDURA CITADEL, ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>C MASUNUNGURE &#13;
</text>
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                <text>J MBWIRIRE </text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This study investigates women’s participation in resolving church conflicts. The study used a mixed method approach&#13;
combining focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and congregants survey. The findings of the study were that&#13;
women in the Salvation Army Church, Bindura Citadel were actively participating in resolving church conflicts through&#13;
counseling, mediation, negotiation, and facilitation and by being members of the powerful Pastoral Care Council whose&#13;
main role was to hear matters referred from the lower echelons of the church. It was established that the church was&#13;
organized and administered in military style with all congregants referred to as “soldiers” and leadership titles bearing&#13;
military ranks. The church faced the challenge of male domination due to the patriarchal nature of African and church&#13;
communities, lack of self confidence and esteem as well as the lack of support from fellow women. The study recommended that women be trained and encouraged to participate and support one another in resolving church conflicts. Furthermore, church policy reforms were recommended to foster women participation</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Greener Journal of Social Sciences </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2016</text>
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      <tag tagId="309">
        <name>conflict</name>
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      <tag tagId="311">
        <name>conflict resolution</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="310">
        <name>religious conflict</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="308">
        <name>Women participation</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>VINE HARVESTING FREQUENCY IMPACT ON TUBER YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF&#13;
COMMONEST SWEET POTATO CULTIVAR IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1705">
                <text>C. MVUMI&#13;
</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1706">
                <text> B. ZENDERA</text>
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                <text> B. MASHAYAMOMBE</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) root tubers and vines are important for human and animal nutritional&#13;
requirements, respectively; the vines being additionally used for propagation, but root tuber yield is greatly&#13;
affected by vine harvesting frequency. This study aimed at assessing the potential effect of vine harvesting&#13;
frequency of sweet potato German 11 cultivar on attributes of root tuber yield under sprinkler irrigation after 140&#13;
days from planting. Treatments used consisted of vine harvesting once (VHO) at 8 weeks after planting, 2 times&#13;
(VH2T) at 8 and 10 weeks after planting; 3 times (VH3T) at 8, 10 and 12 weeks after planting; and 4 times&#13;
(VH4T) at 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12 weeks and at 14 weeks after planting. No vine harvesting was the control.&#13;
Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Results&#13;
revealed that vine harvesting frequency had a relative effect on all root tuber yield attributes of sweet potato. The&#13;
lower the vine harvesting frequency the higher the yield obtained. Vines harvested once (VHO) at 8 weeks&#13;
significantly (P&lt;0.001) increased root tuber dry matter (DM) (29.3%) and total root tuber yield (14.5 t ha-1) as&#13;
compared to VH4T, and also gave optimum results in all the root tuber yield parameters measured. Based on the&#13;
results, optimum German 11 cultivar production capacity is achieved when vine harvesting for livestock feeding&#13;
and propagation is done only once at 8 weeks</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1709">
                <text>International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2018</text>
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        <name>German 11</name>
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      <tag tagId="812">
        <name>Nutritional requirements</name>
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      <tag tagId="813">
        <name>Propagation</name>
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        <name>Root tuber yield</name>
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was concerned that possible opportunities were probably not being exploited in the face of emerging&#13;
curriculum transformation challenges. There was the much publicised misalignment of teacher&#13;
education with Higher and Tertiary Education 5.0 policy in Zimbabwe. This misalignment scenario&#13;
culminated in initiatives like the University of Zimbabwe Vice Chancellor’s Teacher Education&#13;
Curriculum Transformation Programme, meant to address the gaps. However, there seemed to be&#13;
some emerging challenges that could derail such processes.&#13;
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promote the development of entrepreneurial and innovative teacher graduates for industrialisation&#13;
and sustainable development. This study was guided by the constructivist philosophy and the&#13;
interpretivist paradigm. The study adopted the qualitative research approach and the multiple case&#13;
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non-random probability sampling procedure, featuring judgemental and convenience sampling was&#13;
employed in the study. Data generation process involved key and other informant interviews, focus&#13;
group discussion, observations and qualitative document analysis. Data was presented and analysed&#13;
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therefore, suggested and recommended the Programmatic Teacher Education Curriculum&#13;
Implementation Framework (PTECIF) for the Zimbabwean context. The study contributes to&#13;
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                <text>This paper seeks to understand and explain the relevance and orientation of teacher education (TE) in&#13;
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identified a gap in form of a misalignment of teacher education with Higher and Tertiary Education&#13;
5.0 policy in so far as entrepreneurship, innovation and industrialisation were lacking in TE curriculum&#13;
and practice. The new government policy of Education 5.0 was perceived to have revealed a&#13;
misalignment between the practiced Education 3.0 and the intended Heritage Based Education 5.0&#13;
Curriculum, because of the absence of entrepreneurship and innovation for industrialisation and&#13;
sustainable development in the former.&#13;
The study sought to add to literature on entrepreneurship and innovation in teacher education and&#13;
also promote the development of entrepreneurial and innovative teacher graduates for&#13;
industrialisation through heritage-based education 5.0 pre and in-service teacher education system in&#13;
the context of sustainable development. This study was guided by the constructivist philosophy and&#13;
the interpretivist paradigm. The study adopted the qualitative research approach and the embedded&#13;
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procedure, featuring judgemental and convenience sampling was employed in the study. Data&#13;
generation process involved key and other informant interviews, focus group discussion, observations&#13;
and qualitative document analysis. Data was presented and analysed using the thematic and N-vivo&#13;
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practice dissonance that could be inhibiting the realisation of SDGs, and thus called for curriculum&#13;
alignment and harmonisation through transformation. This study, therefore, suggested and&#13;
recommended the Programmatic Framework for Entrepreneurial Teacher Education for the&#13;
Zimbabwean context. The study contributes to policy alignment discourse by making multiple&#13;
theoretical insights. The study, therefore, complements the extant perspectives on curriculum policy&#13;
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                <text>EVALUATING THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION&#13;
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HOTEL CHAINS IN HARARE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Despite the growing importance of sustainable practices in the tourism and hospitality sector,&#13;
the adoption of internationally recognized Environmental Management Systems (EMS)&#13;
remains notably low among hotels in the region. The purpose of this study was to investigate&#13;
the economic constraints affecting the implementation of EMS within hotel chains in Harare,&#13;
Zimbabwe. Through the use of a mixed-methods approach, qualitative content analysis was&#13;
performed on the websites of four predominant hotel chains, while quantitative data were&#13;
collected via a stratified random sampling technique involving 185 hotel employees using a&#13;
structured questionnaire. Findings indicated that none of the surveyed hotels hold international&#13;
EMS certificates, although local initiatives are implemented. Key economic challenges&#13;
identified included the high costs associated with eco-friendly technologies, economic&#13;
instability, and regulatory hurdles, which collectively impede the adoption of comprehensive&#13;
EMS practices. The analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between economic&#13;
constraints and EMS implementation, highlighting that operational challenges and economic&#13;
uncertainty are paramount barriers. Consequently, it was recommended that hotel operators&#13;
engaged in collaboration with policymakers and seek financial incentives to facilitate EMS&#13;
adoption. Further training programmes focused on enhancing sustainability knowledge are&#13;
essential to overcoming these constraints. This research contributes valuable insights to the&#13;
discourse on sustainable practices in Zimbabwe's hospitality industry, emphasizing the need&#13;
for strategic interventions to align economic viability with environmental stewardship</text>
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                <text>ACHIEVING QUALITY THROUGH BENCHMARKING IN ODL INSTITUTIONS OF&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>There was a lot of interaction about benchmarking in institutions of higher learning, but there&#13;
seemed to be no clarity on whether these institutions shared an understanding of the&#13;
benchmarking concept. There also did not seem to be a clear comprehension of what criteria the&#13;
institutions employed to measure benchmarking as a determinant of quality in higher education.&#13;
This lack of clarity motivated the study, and the motivation was irrevocably strengthened by the&#13;
encouragement some governments and international organisations made to their national&#13;
institutions of higher learning to adopt benchmarking as a quality enhancement mechanism. The&#13;
qualitative paradigm was adopted as it enabled the researcher to carry out an in-depth&#13;
interrogation of benchmarking practices in the study. The case study method facilitated the&#13;
researcher’s interaction with the benchmarking phenomenon within the context of the institution.&#13;
The population of the study was composed of all the ODL institutions in the SADC region, from&#13;
which a sample of three institutions, from three countries, was chosen. An average of five&#13;
participants was purposively selected from each institution because they possessed the required&#13;
data and these came from the ranks of Senior Management, Middle Management and Lower&#13;
Management. The researcher used in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, document&#13;
analysis and observation to generate the requisite data. The generated data were coded, analysed&#13;
and interpreted to arrive at findings and conclusions. The three institutions consciously practised&#13;
benchmarking. However, the institutions practised a different type of benchmarking from the&#13;
approaches contained in the review of related literature. The employees of one institution visited&#13;
other institutions on staff exchange programmes, as assessors and markers and to attend&#13;
academic gatherings at which information, experiences and new insights were shared. The&#13;
institutions belonged to professional associations for collaborative benchmarking purposes and&#13;
shared a common understanding of benchmarking. It was concluded that the three institutions of&#13;
higher learning consciously practised benchmarking but the practice was not formalised and not&#13;
documented, leading to the absence of a feedback loop. As a way forward, the three institutions,&#13;
and others, needed to formalise and institutionalise their benchmarking practices, and create a&#13;
feedback loop</text>
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                <text>The researcher sought to establish the perceptions of operational staff on their understanding&#13;
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adopted to engage a group of purposefully selected operational staff members in in-depth&#13;
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members of the operational staff were asked three questions, and they discussed these questions&#13;
over a period of two months. At the end of the period, transcripts of the discussions were given&#13;
to relevant members for their authenticity check and validation. Further to that process, the&#13;
responses were coded, and themes were formulated from which the perceptions of operational&#13;
staff were derived. The staff perceived that their hard work, the awards they received from the&#13;
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succeeding. The recommendation was that operational staff members need to be involved in&#13;
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                <text>HOW TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE UNIVERSITIES: AN INTEGRATION OF&#13;
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                <text>The paper interrogates the performance of Zimbabwean State Universities and proposes the&#13;
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                <text>STRATEGIES FOR THE PROPAGATION OF MICRO-CREDENTIALS IN THE ECONOMY OF&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to recommend appropriate strategies for the propagation of micro-credentials that would positively influence economic growth using micro-credentials to provide knowledge and skills training. The thrust was to establish the state of micro-credentials in Zimbabwe and how they could be implemented to advantage. An interpretivist philosophy informed the choice of a qualitative paradigm and a case study design. Two institutions of higher learning and training were selected and, from each institution a team of six was purposively selected because of their superior knowledge in the matters of university business. A series of in-depth interviews was held to elicit the requisite information until a point of saturation was reached. The findings indicated that Zimbabwe and most African nations, needed to speed up the process of adopting and implementing micro-credentials. The strategies they could utilise included the use of online courses already accredited to kick-start the offering of micro-credentials, the creation and upholding regulations that catalysed the provision of micro-credentials, and the opening of identified opportunities to adopt and use micro- credentials. The study ended with a recommendation to use an ACQF-II (2024) produced Handbook on Micro-credentials in Africa as resource material and a conclusion.</text>
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                <text>CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF&#13;
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UNIVERSITIES&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>A weakness of the extant Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) literature to date has been its&#13;
normative approach to the subject, creating in effect, a 'one size fits all view' of the&#13;
preconditions or Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for the implementation of PPPs yet they vary&#13;
with the context and sector. This study challenges the existing prominent CSFs model for the&#13;
implementation of PPP which it perceives to be broader and biased towards economic&#13;
infrastructure in rich industrial nations and excludes the realities of post-colonial third world&#13;
countries. The research developed a refined sector-specific Educational Infrastructure Critical&#13;
Success Factor Model (EICSFM) that will inform effective implementation of educational&#13;
infrastructure PPPs in Zimbabwe state universities. Validated suggestions from research&#13;
participants were compared to the existing model used to guide this study and results showed&#13;
that some of the suggested CSFs for PPPs in Zimbabwe state universities tallies with this extant&#13;
widely accepted CSFs model for PPPs, whereas some differ. The new suggested emerging&#13;
sector-specific CSFs for effective implementation of PPPs in state universities include; the&#13;
need for state universities to have absolute autonomy, the establishment of institutional PPP&#13;
Committees, state universities to be creative and aggressive, vibrant leadership at state&#13;
universities, universities to have good business orientation, the establishment of innovative&#13;
PPPs models for educational infrastructure projects (social infrastructure projects), the creation&#13;
of project bankability and attractiveness to investors, the need for political will and creation of&#13;
trust. Comparing such suggestions to the extant CSFs model, the study concluded that even&#13;
though some these preconditions for successful implementation of PPPs may be similar to&#13;
some of the existing ones, their application is not similar but context-based. The study thus&#13;
recommends governments avoid a ‘one size fits all’ perception and approach, but rather encompass sector-specific considerations when adopting and implementing PPPs as an alternative funding option for infrastructure development.</text>
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                <text>EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN ZIMBABWE'S&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>Despite persuasive heuristics and pragmatic promotion for the use of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)&#13;
to infuse dynamism into public sector infrastructure development, little is known about their progress in&#13;
Zimbabwe's state universities. This study traces the evolution and validation of PPPs as an alternative&#13;
funding option for the development of educational infrastructure in Zimbabwean state universities and&#13;
compares it with other traditional funding options. This descriptive qualitative research methodology,&#13;
grounded in constructivist research philosophy and bolstered by a multiple case study research design&#13;
collected data through in-depth key informant interviews. Nineteen key informant participants were&#13;
selected through criteria and critical purposive sampling techniques, while secondary data was sourced&#13;
from relevant literature. This study established that there has been a low uptake and implementation&#13;
inertia of educational infrastructure PPPs in Zimbabwean state universities since their adoption and&#13;
standardization in 2010. Although the concept was introduced back in 1998 and initial PPP frameworks&#13;
were developed in 2004, it wasn't until 2010 that serious emphasis was placed on adopting them in&#13;
Zimbabwean state universities. Various justifications were identified for the adoption of PPPs in this&#13;
sector and PPPs emerged as a viable alternative to traditional funding sources such as the national&#13;
budget, institutional funds and loan financing. PPPs were viewed as a sustainable approach that could&#13;
help state universities bridge their infrastructure gaps. The study recommends that state universities&#13;
adopt a business oriented approach and operate as social enterprises if they are to attract a significant&#13;
pool of quality private investors in PPP arrangements.</text>
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                <text>HIV AND AIDS WORKPLACE POLICY FOR THE ZIMBABWE OPEN&#13;
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                <text>CHIKUKWA HERBERT T*&#13;
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                <text>This study sought to evaluate the friendliness of the HIV and AIDS workplace policy&#13;
for the Zimbabwe Open University. This was a case study of one regional centre. Thirty six&#13;
purposively selected fulltime lecturers and support staff participated in this research. Data&#13;
was collected through open-ended questionnaires and analysed thematically. The results&#13;
indicated that the policy is at best non-existent and at worst disconnected from real&#13;
workplace complexities. Consequently, HIV positive workers appear isolated because they&#13;
are not supported nor valued at the workplace. Most glaringly, HIV disproportionately&#13;
affects women workers more than their male counterparts. In some instances these are even&#13;
overloaded, shunned or stigmatised. Consequently, the workers in this study think HIV&#13;
positive workers are disenfranchised threatening the university social fabric. They then&#13;
advocated for an end to workplace discrimination and stigmatisation of HIV positive&#13;
workers whose status must be kept in confidence, workload minimised, substantial resources&#13;
invested in their well being and their immediate relatives catered for in medical Aid benefits.&#13;
More information could be availed to affected and infected workers so that they can live&#13;
positively. The study recommended concerted effort and substantial resource investment in&#13;
innovative policies that are worker friendly. Further studies need to be done on supporting&#13;
HIV positive workers at the workplace.</text>
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                <text>FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO INJURIES AMONG HANDBALL PLAYERS&#13;
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                <text>Sport injury has become an inescapable occupational menace in physical and sporting circles&#13;
due to the current high entry of people into sport for competition and entertainment reasons.&#13;
This inclination has seen a shift of interest from therapeutic process towards more of injury&#13;
protective mechanisms with regard to players’ physical uprightness. This study aimed at&#13;
identifying the main risk factors that contributed to injury occurrence during training and&#13;
competition in Masvingo Province tertiary handball between 2014 and 2015. It sought to&#13;
determine and examine the relationships between external and athlete-triggered risk factors,&#13;
injury outcomes and their impact on player performance. This study was an epidemiological&#13;
prospective cohort design with 153 college players, 18-30 years drawn from ten male and&#13;
female handball teams of Masvingo Province. It was conducted with the view to recommend&#13;
plausible preventive safe playing environments from the existing high cumulative injury&#13;
incidences players experienced. A total of 242 incidental injuries players sustained were from&#13;
contact and non-contact situations. Contact injuries were greater in matches than training in&#13;
both gender but with high figures being reported in females than men. Most injuries were&#13;
located in lower limb than upper limb appendages. The most vulnerable sites were the knee,&#13;
ankle/foot, shoulder, wrist, fingers, elbow and hip. The principal injury mechanisms that&#13;
significantly contributed to injury sustenance were plant and cutting, shooting, blocking,&#13;
turning, landing and dribbling. Findings were that injury occurrence is related to the interface&#13;
between externally and athlete-related risk factors implying that injury occurrence is not&#13;
confined to a single inciting factor, but to a host of variables. Handball training regimes need&#13;
to focus on basic proprioceptive, sensomotoric, and neuromuscular aspects to address the&#13;
frequently injured body limps. Exercise-based injury prevention programs, education on&#13;
injury aetiology, identification of injury trends and situational risk factors, should be&#13;
iii&#13;
practically instituted and ingrained as correctional concerns by coaches and associations in&#13;
handball.</text>
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                <text>HARNESSING MACHINE LEARNING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR EAR-&#13;
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                <text>CHINGWARO LLOYD&#13;
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                <text>MUCHOWE REGIS MISHEAL&#13;
&#13;
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The study explores the transformative power of utilizing machine learning and artificial intelligence&#13;
for early fraud detection among banks in Harare, Zimbabwe using qualitative research. Data&#13;
were collected through document reviews and in-depth interviews with bank internal auditors&#13;
and senior management. The study addressed three key research questions, namely, examining&#13;
internal auditors’ understanding of machine learning and artificial intelligence tools/systems for&#13;
fraud detection; understanding internal auditors’ perceptions on the effectiveness of machine&#13;
learning and artificial intelligence-based fraud detection systems; and identifying major challenges&#13;
faced by internal auditors during implementation of artificial intelligence fraud detection systems.&#13;
Internal auditors’ perceptions were gathered through in-depth interviews which were conducted&#13;
face to face and online. Findings from the study demonstrated strong consensus among internal&#13;
auditors on the potential power of machine learning and artificial intelligence in detecting fraud at&#13;
an early stage. In addition, the study revealed the potential benefits of utilizing machine learning&#13;
algorithms and artificial intelligence which includes enhanced speed in identifying anomalies,&#13;
improved accuracy, and the ability to detect fraud early, thereby enabling management to come&#13;
up with internal control mechanisms which can prevent fraud. Successful implementation of&#13;
machine learning and artificial intelligence-powered fraud detection systems require adequate&#13;
training and support from the organization’s leadership, and ethical considerations.</text>
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                <text>MET Mangement Review - MMR</text>
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                <text>THE PROMISE AND FAILURE OF CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT IN SADC&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>CHIPFUNDE DAISY</text>
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                <text>This study investigates the implementation of continuous assessment (CA) in higher education within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, addressing the challenges educators face and the potential benefits of this approach. Grounded in the&#13;
Constructivist Learning Theory, which emphasises active engagement and knowledge construction, the research highlights how CA can enhance student learning outcomes through ongoing feedback and tailored teaching strategies. A desktop review methodology was employed, analysing 30 relevant studies, reports and policy documents published between 2020 and 2023. Key findings revealed that while teachers recognised the value of CA in promoting student engagement and improving learning, they often feel unprepared to implement it effectively due to inadequate training, infrastructural challenges and socio-economic factors affecting both educators and students. The findings from the desktop review revealed that teachers in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region have mixed experiences with the implementation of continuous assessment (CA). Many educators recognise the potential benefits of CA, such as promoting student engagement and providing ongoing feedback to enhance learning outcomes. The study underscores the need for targeted professional development, improved resource allocation and supportive school leadership to facilitate the successful adoption of continuous assessment practices. Through these efforts, the potential of CA can be realised, contributing to a more equitable educational environment in the SADC Region.&#13;
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                <text>Zimbabwe Open University</text>
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                <text>ACCESS AND SUCCESS IN E-LEARNING IN THE ZIMBABWE&#13;
OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>CHRISPEN CHIOME&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to determine distance education students’ experiences in access to and success in e-&#13;
learning endeavours. The study was qualitative as the questionnaire used as a data-gathering&#13;
instrument had both closed and open-ended sections that yielded qualitative data. The research&#13;
employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of 158 distance education students&#13;
from all faculties in the Zimbabwe Open University’s Masvingo Regional Campus was extracted using&#13;
the convenience sampling method. The study found out that while the majority of distance education&#13;
students use computer related gargets such as cell phones, television remote control the majority of&#13;
them did not have access to the computers and thus to e-learning access and success is affected.&#13;
Success factors such as collaborative learning and quality e-content were heavily deflowered, marred&#13;
and spoilt as the majority of them did not have e-mail addresses, had no skills in e-learning and hence&#13;
could not communicate with other students and tutors on the internet. The students nevertheless were&#13;
excited about e-learning facilities provided by the university. The study, among others, recommended&#13;
that wide access to e-learning facilities by distance education students, extensive skills upgrading&#13;
workshops targeting all students, e-learning support centre and e-learning course must be put in place&#13;
to enable Zimbabwe Open University students to benefit from e-learning</text>
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                <text>Online Journal of African Affairs</text>
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                <text>ACCESS AND SUCCESS IN E-LEARNING IN THE ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to determine distance education students’ experiences in access to and success in e-&#13;
learning endeavours. The study was qualitative as the questionnaire used as a data-gathering&#13;
instrument had both closed and open-ended sections that yielded qualitative data. The research&#13;
employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of 158 distance education students&#13;
from all faculties in the Zimbabwe Open University’s Masvingo Regional Campus was extracted using&#13;
the convenience sampling method. The study found out that while the majority of distance education&#13;
students use computer related gargets such as cell phones, television remote control the majority of&#13;
them did not have access to the computers and thus to e-learning access and success is affected.&#13;
Success factors such as collaborative learning and quality e-content were heavily deflowered, marred&#13;
and spoilt as the majority of them did not have e-mail addresses, had no skills in e-learning and hence&#13;
could not communicate with other students and tutors on the internet. The students nevertheless were&#13;
excited about e-learning facilities provided by the university. The study, among others, recommended&#13;
that wide access to e-learning facilities by distance education students, extensive skills upgrading&#13;
workshops targeting all students, e-learning support centre and e-learning course must be put in place&#13;
to enable Zimbabwe Open University students to benefit from e-learning</text>
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                <text>One of the best ways to achieve global literacy is through communication, collaborative learning,&#13;
research, and problem solving. Technology helps tremendously in these areas, so it is a great tool&#13;
to use in this process. As e-infrastructures gain ground in many African countries and at the same&#13;
time promises a new way of delivering health, education and agriculture. New technologies&#13;
should be readily acceptable in order to deliver these essential services to the populace.&#13;
However, against a background of previous studies pointing to e-learning as a monster under the&#13;
bed (Chiome, Kurasha and Mupa, 2011) and after 98% of the students failed to voluntarily&#13;
register for an e-learning blended programme, this research set out to find the factors affecting&#13;
user acceptance of e- infrastructures in health, agriculture and education. This was a survey of&#13;
institutions engaged in e-agriculture, e-health and e-learning in Zimbabwe. A purposive sample&#13;
of 65students who were exposed to e-infrastructures was interviewed in order to determine the&#13;
user acceptance variable applicable in Zimbabwe. The study found out that e-infrastructure users&#13;
made rational choices faced with alternatives, belief in the usefulness or lack of it of the system,&#13;
too much effort put into using technology, content richness, e-infrastructure usefulness and&#13;
update regularity of the e-infrastructure are some of the absolutely vital technology acceptance&#13;
variables. The research argues that the ability to navigate the complex life and work&#13;
environments in the globally competitive information age requires e-infrastructure developers to&#13;
pay rigorous attention to technology acceptance to engage e-infrastructure users other than the&#13;
“early adopters” with the opportunities in e-infrastructures.</text>
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                <text> Proceedings and reports of the 6th UbuntuNet Alliance annual conference</text>
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                <text>2013</text>
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                <text>CONSTANCE KADADA</text>
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                <text> THEMBINKOSI TSHABALALA</text>
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                <text>This paper was on students’ attitudes towards Open Educational Resources (OERs) on selected&#13;
universities and colleges. The methodology used was a desktop review. The findings on OER textbooks were&#13;
their high quality, having more information than traditional textbooks and being cheaper. Students obtained&#13;
diverse scholarly articles from OERs that added value to the content they had, while to others, OERs were&#13;
not useful. Those who did not like OER textbooks said they could not write notes on them and there was too&#13;
much information on the Internet. Some students were not computer literate and unaware of OERs. Mobile&#13;
phones were found to be one way of accessing OERs though the logistics were cumbersome. There was no&#13;
evidence of creation of OERs by the students. The research would help ODL institutions and traditional universities to obtain updated and quality OER content for students including those in remote areas even through mobile phones</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Social Sciences &amp; Educational Studies</text>
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        <name>OERS</name>
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                <text>EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN PROMOTING&#13;
EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: LESSONS FOR ZIMBABWEAN SMES – A NARRATIVE&#13;
LITERATURE REVIEW&#13;
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                <text>KUDZANAI MATOWANYIKA</text>
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                <text>The study aimed to determine whether Performance Management Systems (PMS) are effective in improving employees' performance or not. The paper also addresses policies and procedures used when implementing PMS and whether recommendations should be made to improve what isn't working well and maintain what is in to provide the best system execution in Zimbabwe's Small to Medium Enterprise (SME) sector. The objectives of the study were to determine how well PMS works to enhance the performance of the employees and to determine the protocols and guidelines utilised in the implementation of PMS. Theoretical literature review looked at the Theory of Expectancy, the Goal setting theory, the Theories of staff productivity and performance management systems, the effect of performance reviews on workers' output and how employee productivity is affected by performance training and development. Reviews of the theoretical and empirical literature were conducted to answer research questions. The study employed systematic review of literature. It was discovered that the Small to Medium Enterprises sector is using PMS and that the yearly performance reports were being prepared on time. The themes that were found from the study were improved and increased teamwork and communication, increased fairness, transparency and better hiring decisions, provision of detailed, qualitative feedback and increased motivation and protection of employees from potential bias. It can be inferred that the SME sector should continue to employ the assessment system. The study recommended that additional research be conducted to empirically assess the effect of performance management system on employee performance in specific context.</text>
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                <text>&#13;
ZIMBABWE JOURNAL OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT&#13;
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                <text>DETERMINATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF SINIGRIN GLUCOSINOLATES IN ALTERNARIA&#13;
SOLANI SUSCEPTIBLE TOMATO ( SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM ) LEAVES TREATED WITH&#13;
MORINGA ( MORINGA OLEIFERA ) LEAF E…&#13;
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                <text>DIANA MARAIS</text>
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                <text>The study investigates the presence and quantity of anti-&#13;
microbial sinigrin glucosinolates in tomato leaves after&#13;
spraying them with moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extract&#13;
(MLAE). Moringa concentrates (0.5, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.5 kg L�1&#13;
(w v�1&#13;
)) were prepared. Distilled water was the control.&#13;
Sampled tomato leaves were air-dried, freeze-dried and&#13;
extracted firstly using pure methanol in a hot water bath&#13;
and then pellet re-extracted using 5 mL of hot aqueous&#13;
methanol (70% v v�1 ). An ion exchange column, and sul-&#13;
phatase was used to achieve glucosiodesulphonation. High&#13;
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed&#13;
in the identification and quantitative analysis of the sinigrin&#13;
glucosinolates. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves&#13;
treated with MLAE revealed highly significant (p &lt; .001) con-&#13;
tent of sinigrin glucosinolates. The sinigrin standard and the&#13;
desulphated sinigrin glucosinolates had a 7 s retention time&#13;
difference; 5 kg L�1 (w v�1&#13;
) resulted in a superior amount of&#13;
sinigrin in tomato leaves as compared to all the other MLAE&#13;
concentrations. The study reveals that spraying MLAE on&#13;
putatively diseased tomato leaves donates specific quantifi-&#13;
able glucosinolates like sinigrin, which may be involved in&#13;
defense against tomato diseases and, hence, recommends&#13;
use of 5 kg L�1 (w v�1&#13;
) for the highest sinigrin defense tag.</text>
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