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                <text>WOMEN ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT: ITS PROSPECTS AND LIMITATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF HARARE METROPOLITAN PROVINCE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>TANAKA MOREJOY MANGO</text>
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                <text>BARBARA MBUYISA</text>
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                <text>This study investigated the prospects and limitations of women's economic empowerment in&#13;
Harare, Zimbabwe, focusing on the experiences within the Harare Metropolitan Province.&#13;
Employing a case study design, this research utilised qualitative data gathered through semi-&#13;
structured interviews and questionnaires with women engaged in various economic activities.&#13;
The study examined the complex interplay of factors influencing women's economic agency,&#13;
including decision-making authority, access to resources, and sociocultural barriers. The&#13;
findings revealled that while women in Harare demonstrated significant entrepreneurial drive&#13;
and resilience, they continued to face challenges such as limited market access, discriminatory&#13;
practices, and the double burden of work and domestic responsibilities. The study underscored&#13;
the need for integrated interventions that addressed both economic and socio-cultural&#13;
constraints to achieve meaningful women's economic empowerment. Recommendations&#13;
included policy reform, targeted support programmes, and awareness campaigns to challenge&#13;
gender stereotypes. This research contributed to a deeper understanding of the local dynamics&#13;
shaping women's economic participation in urban Zimbabwe and highlighted the importance&#13;
of context-specific approaches to promote gender equality and sustainable development. </text>
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                <text>WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING IN&#13;
ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>TAVONGA NJAYA</text>
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                <text>The primary aim of the study was to uncover demographic and socio-economic details and reasons&#13;
for opting for open and distance learning. Although the focus was on women learners, the study adopted a&#13;
gender approach in assessing access to university education through open and distance learning in order to&#13;
study both men and women. This helped to interrogate, articulate and analyse the gender construction of&#13;
distance education learners and delivery of open and distance learning at the Zimbabwe Open University.&#13;
Women constitute a substantial proportion of those marginalised by conventional systems of learning at&#13;
university level. The problems of access to tertiary education are mostly restrictive socio-economic factors.&#13;
Data collection techniques included interviews, focus groups and document reviews. Using the elicitation&#13;
approach, forty-five learners and seven graduates were selected on the basis of representativeness in terms of&#13;
academic level and discipline. Data were analysed using statistical tests and descriptive or thematic analysis.&#13;
The study revealed that a significant number of respondents were working married women with children who&#13;
found open and distance learning framework more compatible with their multiple tasks; household chores,&#13;
education, wage work, family, relatives and community at large. The findings showed that open and distance&#13;
learning helped women to circumvent constraints of time, space, resources and socio-economic barriers thereby&#13;
significantly contributing to their empowerment. A majority of women took a break to attend to their multiple&#13;
duties either during or after undergraduate studies</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science </text>
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                <text>WOMEN RE-DEFINING&#13;
THEMSELVES IN THE CONTEXT OF HIV AND AIDS: INSIGHTS FROM TENDAYI WESTERHOF’S UNLUCKY IN LOVE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>ANNA CHITANDO</text>
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                <text>8&#13;
Women Re-deﬁning&#13;
Themselves in the Context&#13;
of HIV and AIDS: Insights&#13;
from Tendayi Westerhof’s&#13;
Unlucky in Love&#13;
Anna Chitando&#13;
Introduction&#13;
In a literary landscape that has been dominated by male voices,&#13;
Westerhof’s auto/biographical text subverts several assumptions,&#13;
principally the unstated underprivileging of female agency. She fur-&#13;
ther performs a sacrilegious desecration through a triumphalist nar-&#13;
rative of a taboo subject: HIV and AIDS and openly celebrating her&#13;
personhood, even though mired in divorce and disease. This chapter&#13;
focuses on Westerhof’s Unlucky in Love (2005), a novel about a woman&#13;
who marries and divorces. Rumbidzai (Rumbi for short) is a mother of&#13;
four. She is HIV positive and strives to make her life meaningful in an&#13;
environment that is characterised by oppressive masculinities. This&#13;
chapter attempts to resolve what has been left hanging by Tagwira&#13;
with regards women’s vulnerability to HIV and AIDS, their survival&#13;
strategies, as well as their attempt to reconstruct positive identi-&#13;
ties. Theoretically, this chapter is informed by the critical works of&#13;
African womanists and feminists such as Grace, Saadawi, Gaidzanwa&#13;
and Moyana. Saadawi (2007) insists that women must refuse to suc-&#13;
cumb to patriarchal dictates. In a recent chapter on Saadawi, Zucker (2010) has brought out Saadawi’s determination to empower women.&#13;
Firdaus, a key personality in Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero, murders&#13;
a man and recovers control of her destiny. Zucker comments on the&#13;
novel:&#13;
In Woman at Point Zero, El Saadawi shows us what a human&#13;
being will do in spite of cultural sufferings to feel some degree&#13;
of personal power and freedom. She has woven a multi-generic&#13;
tale of a woman whose life embodies an inter-gendered outlook;&#13;
Firdausi has suffered as women do in her culture and has grad-&#13;
ually assumed aspects of masculine power generally off-limits to&#13;
Egyptian women. Indeed, her coming to power results from her&#13;
re-authoring her life against the gendered constraints of her soci-&#13;
ety. Firdaus earns her own money and decides how to publicly&#13;
spend it. She selects the job that avails her of a better lifestyle and&#13;
chooses with whom she will or will not have sex. And finally, she&#13;
acts out her rage at the appropriate target.&#13;
(Zucker 2010:248–249)&#13;
This powerful passage demonstrates that, when cornered, women are&#13;
willing to “murder” patriarchy in order to re-define themselves and&#13;
recover their agency. Gaidzanwa (1985:14) questions male author-&#13;
ity that only feels that “motherhood is respectable and held in high&#13;
esteem as long as it goes with or is preceded by socially approved&#13;
wifehood”. How men prescribe inferior roles that women have to&#13;
play in society is also underscored by Moyana (2006), whose anal-&#13;
ysis of the portrayal of women in some of Mungoshi’s short stories&#13;
shows that women are supposed to be underlings in society. Moyana&#13;
goes on to show that, against this phallocentric logic, some female&#13;
characters are determined to defy patriarchy and that it is these&#13;
assertive women who create the basis from which it is conceivable&#13;
to imagine that women can challenge the multiple sources of their&#13;
oppressions. Ngoshi and Pasi (2007) add that the agency of people&#13;
affected by HIV and AIDS must be framed as subjects, not objects.&#13;
These perspectives on women struggling to realise their freedoms&#13;
in a context of HIV and AIDS and the male-induced stigma are&#13;
used in this chapter to unravel how black women fight for their&#13;
voices and to be heard in predominantly patriarchal and capitalist&#13;
society</text>
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                <text>Palgrave Macmillan</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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                <text>WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN RESOLVING CHURCH CONFLICTS. A CASE OF THE SALVATION ARMY, BINDURA CITADEL, ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>C MASUNUNGURE &#13;
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                <text>J MBWIRIRE </text>
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                <text>This study investigates women’s participation in resolving church conflicts. The study used a mixed method approach&#13;
combining focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and congregants survey. The findings of the study were that&#13;
women in the Salvation Army Church, Bindura Citadel were actively participating in resolving church conflicts through&#13;
counseling, mediation, negotiation, and facilitation and by being members of the powerful Pastoral Care Council whose&#13;
main role was to hear matters referred from the lower echelons of the church. It was established that the church was&#13;
organized and administered in military style with all congregants referred to as “soldiers” and leadership titles bearing&#13;
military ranks. The church faced the challenge of male domination due to the patriarchal nature of African and church&#13;
communities, lack of self confidence and esteem as well as the lack of support from fellow women. The study recommended that women be trained and encouraged to participate and support one another in resolving church conflicts. Furthermore, church policy reforms were recommended to foster women participation</text>
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                <text>Greener Journal of Social Sciences </text>
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        <name>religious conflict</name>
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        <name>Women participation</name>
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                <text>WORKPLACE COUNSELLING AS A REMEDY FOR BURNOUT:&#13;
A CASE STUDY OF OPERATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION SECTOR&#13;
RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES IN MIDLANDS REGION OF ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>SHEPHERD SHUMBA</text>
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                <text>The study investigated whether workplace counselling was a remedy for burnout&#13;
which operational nongovernmental organisation (NGO) employees experience. The&#13;
study was prompted by the fact that in Zimbabwe there is no recommended solution&#13;
to the problem of burnout. This study was premised on the qualitative research design&#13;
rooted in the interpretivist paradigm and was conducted in four operational NGOs&#13;
responding to humanitarian emergencies in Midlands Region of Zimbabwe. The&#13;
sample was made up of 8 participants from management, 22 employees from field&#13;
staff to get a total of 30 participants purposively sampled. Data were generated&#13;
through open ended questionnaires, interviews, observation and document analysis.&#13;
Ethical considerations were met through seeking permission and informed consent&#13;
from the selected NGOs and participants. Grounded theory was used as the basis for&#13;
the analysis. The results were centred on four themes which were causes of burnout,&#13;
current methods being used to prevent and treat burnout and their shortfalls and&#13;
counselling as a means to deal with burnout. The findings showed that participants&#13;
knew what burnout is and indicated that it is characterised by exhaustion, lack of&#13;
enthusiasm and motivation and feeling 'drained. Findings on causes of burnout&#13;
indicated that overworking and irrational thinking were some of the major causes of&#13;
burnout. The research results also indicated that burnout negatively affects&#13;
employees, resulting in diminished accomplishments, reduced efficacy, absenteeism,&#13;
physical illness, reduced commitment and professionalism. On current methods of&#13;
treatment of burnout, results indicate that employees largely rely on generic&#13;
counselling, natural approach and medication. However, participants pointed out that&#13;
burnout cannot be treated by medicine since it is not an infectious illness. Moreso,&#13;
drugs cannot change irrational thinking that promotes burnout and drugs whip the&#13;
adrenals. Findings showed that counselling can treat burnout through behaviour&#13;
modification and change in lifestyle. Hence, it can be concluded that counseling is a&#13;
remedy for burnout. The first key recommendation is that workplace counselling&#13;
should be provided by NGOs to employees as a remedy to burnout that employees&#13;
experience and counselling should be theory driven for it to be effective and&#13;
professional. I further recommend that medical treatment be used to treat symptoms&#13;
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                <text>This study sought to evaluate the effects of unemployment on youth career development in Gokwe Rural Community, Zimbabwe. Employing a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design, the research involved a population of 375 individuals, with a final sample size of 104 participants—90 for quantitative data (88 completed questionnaires) and 14 for qualitative insights. Sampling techniques included purposive, random and convenience sampling. Data were collected from youths, community members, ward councillors and Ministry of Youth officials. The findings revealed that high unemployment rates significantly contributed to psychological challenges, such as depression and anxiety, which adversely affect self-esteem and motivation. Economically, the study highlighted a concerning trend of stagnation, as educated youths often migrate to rural areas in search of better opportunities, further exacerbating local poverty. The results underscored the urgent need for targeted youth development programmes aimed at enhancing employability and providing psychological support to improve overall well-being</text>
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                <text>This study traced graduates of the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) Faculty of Commerce (FACOM) from year 2000 to year 2015 to assess curriculum relevance, graduate outcomes, and labour market alignment. A total of 150 self-administered questionnaires were distributed through Regional Centres to collect data on employment status, further study intentions, programme perceptions, and skill acquisition. Findings showed that most respondents were adult learners, with a mean age of 40.2 years, and that 91.7% expressed the intention to pursue further studies, most preferring ZOU. Employment outcomes were diverse, with graduates largely absorbed in tertiary education, government and banking sectors. Respondents rated the FCL programmes as highly contributory to organisational, leadership, problem-solving and teamwork skills, but less effective in enhancing computer literacy and technical knowledge. Overall, the programmes were perceived as relevant to current jobs and the labour market, though areas such as ICT integration and industry linkages require strengthening. The study concluded that while ZOU FACOM effectively supported human capital development, curriculum adjustments and enhanced delivery mechanisms were essential to sustain competitiveness and graduate employability</text>
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                <text>The paper analyses Zimbabwe’s Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) as a social policy instrument. Mupfurudzi Farm in Shamva district was used as a case study. Five tasks of the Transformative Social Policy Framework (TSPF) were analysed in a single study. These are production, protection, social reproduction, redistribution and social cohesion/nation building. Analysing and improving the transformative role of the land and agrarian reforms in Zimbabwe is the aim of the study. The study shows that prime land is a key social, economic and political resource whose ownership and use improves the wellbeing of the beneficiaries. However, the study also points to various hurdles to greater transformation. These could be managed through stakeholder networking and collaboration on capacity building and farm management skills, input schemes and loans, infrastructural development, security of tenure and state-facilitated markets. Key words and phrases: transformation, development, social policy, land reform and agrarian reform.</text>
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                <text>First part of the paper, examined conceptual issues associated with Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IK),&#13;
including the nature of the intersection between Science and IK. We reflected on methodological pluralism, and&#13;
knowledge production. Intellectual property rights and empowerment are examined. We then explored the&#13;
multiple linkages between IK and the curriculum, in terms of needs, goals, teaching strategies and instructional&#13;
resources. We reflect on anticipated outcomes and methods of evaluation. We also discussed the role of the&#13;
library media center, and the library consultant, in curriculum planning with respect to IK. Our emphasis was on&#13;
those components of IK which describe, explain, predict and try to negotiate nature. Firstly we explore some&#13;
curriculum models and approaches relevant to our discourse, and various dimensions of teaching, learning and&#13;
researching Zimbabwe Indigenous Knowledge (ZIK), through the use of 'oral traditions' and other&#13;
methodologies. Secondly we provided specific instructional guidelines on African Traditional Medicine,&#13;
Mathematics and Food Processing, Selected readings and multimedia resources are identified along with&#13;
current instructional and research challenges. We specified whether ZIK, has specific implications for&#13;
democratization, community empowerment, nation building, sustainable development, capacity building and&#13;
intellectual development in Zimbabwe and Africa as a whole, in the 21st century.</text>
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                <text>Prime Research on Education (PRE</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>Indigenous Knowledge</name>
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        <name>science</name>
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        <name>system</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwe Prisons</name>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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                <text>ZIMSEC’S ONLINE RESULTS CHECKING SYSTEM: A PARENT-GUARDIAN PERCEPTION SURVEY&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>BRIGHTON TARUBEREKERA </text>
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                <text>This study investigates the effectiveness of the Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) online results system through a parent-guardian perception survey. With the introduction of a digital platform in 2019, ZIMSEC enabled candidates to access, view and download examination results directly from its official website. This study aims to evaluate how this online system is received by parents and guardians, focusing on their perspectives on its benefits, challenges, and potential areas for improvement. The research explores the perceived advantages of accessing results online, such as convenience and accessibility, while also highlighting concerns related to security, reliability and ease of use. The study employs a qualitative methodology, to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the online results system impacts Zimbabwean families and offers recommendations for enhancing functionality and user experience.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Education </text>
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                <text>2026</text>
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