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                <text>DIMENSIONING ACADEMIC STRATEGIES AND PRIORITIES WITH&#13;
E-LEARNING TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF&#13;
THE FREE STATE&#13;
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                <text> GABRIEL KABANDA</text>
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                <text>The purpose of the research was to determine the strategies and priorities as an academic leader for creating a&#13;
world-class academic university in terms of quality and impact of teaching and learning. The University of the Free State&#13;
(UFS) is faced with the problem of relatively low scholarship throughput. The Xerox Excellence Model represents one of&#13;
the early excellence pioneering models, and the EFQM European Excellence Model is a representative of international&#13;
quality award model that informs customer service excellence. The status of the University of Free State (UFS) is&#13;
analysed qualitatively using a research design based on Discourse Analysis, Laclau and Mouffe‟s discourse theory,&#13;
supported by Document Analysis of the Strategic Plan 2012-2016 and the Integrated Report for 2013. UFS is&#13;
benchmarked against other top world-class universities. The recommended strategies hinge on sustaining momentum on&#13;
excellence, broadening access, investing in Leadership Success, enhancing research capacity and learner support, and&#13;
focus on institutional service excellence. Strategies and priorities identified are to be supported by the evolving future&#13;
e-learning trends (MOOCS, micro-learning, OERs, etc.) and technologies (cloud-based learning, gamification, notification&#13;
systems in LMS, SaaS authoring tools, HTML5, Tin can API, etc.). The global university performance of world-class&#13;
universities are assessed across all of their core missions – teaching (the learning environment), research (volume,&#13;
income and reputation), knowledge transfer (citations), industry income (innovation) and international outlook (staff,&#13;
students and research).</text>
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                <text>2015</text>
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                <text>CLOSING GENDER ASSET GAP IN LAND ACCESS AND CONTROL IN A1 SCHEMES IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>TAVONGA NYAYA </text>
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                <text>The study reflected on the impact of the fast track land reform programme, 2000-2002 on the&#13;
distribution of land between men and women in A1 resettlement areas in Zimbabwe. Throughout the discourse&#13;
on the land reform programme, the virtues of land transfer have been extensively extolled while ignoring its&#13;
impact on gender relations and gender asset gap.&#13;
The study used a national quantitative baseline survey and qualitative data collected in Goromonzi District.&#13;
Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations and documentary analysis so&#13;
as to triangulate the evidence. This dataset was used to complement findings from statistical analysis of the&#13;
survey data.&#13;
The chi-square tests on survey data and findings from the case study conducted in Goromonzi District&#13;
did not show evidence of discrimination against women under the fast track land reform programme. Instead,&#13;
women tended to obtain more rights to land through two avenues: obtaining land as individuals in their own&#13;
right and through the joint registration of offer letters with their husbands. The results showed that women&#13;
beneficiaries obtained the same land rights as men in terms of land use patterns.&#13;
The study recommended that allocation of land under the land reform programme should focus on individuals&#13;
within households. Government officials directly involved in the design, planning and implementation of the&#13;
land reform programme should be trained in gender analysis and participatory gender planning. Methods&#13;
should be devised to inform women about their land rights and the avenues through which these rights can be&#13;
enforced</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>A1 model; asset; chi-square; household; gender asset gap; statistical analysis; women</name>
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                <text>GENDER AND SMALLHOLDER LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, IMPROVEMENT&#13;
AND CONSERVATION IN AFRICA&#13;
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                <text>Policy makers, developmental agents and researchers are now aware of the need to incorporate gender issues in smallholder livestock production planning and development in order to improve livestock productivity in Africa. This discussion attempt to explore the role of gender in smallholder livestock production,genetic improvement and conservation.Strategies to improve livestock production and conservation within the smallholder livestock sector will not be successful unless gender related issues are taken into account.Ownership of different livestock species by men and women in smallholder livestock production sector has been documented, often cattle and larger animals are owned by men, while goat keeping and backyard poultry production are largely women's domains. Therefore, it is assumed that taking cognizance of gender differentials in smallholder livestock production intervention programs will result in effectively implementation of livestockdevelopment programs ensuring more optimal outcomes. The rationale for gender integration in livestock improvement and conservation is driven by the fact that different household members typically hold different livestock responsibilities; they also may have different livestock priorities and livestock production constraints. Gender sensitive livestock policy initiatives such as training women in livestock improvement and conservation in smallholder livestock production sector should be adopted in order to address specific concerns and priorities of women as major stakeholders in livestock production.Gendered asymmetries in access to livestock and services not only do a great disservice to women and men livestock smallholder farmers, but they also stifle the potential for more sustainable and effective actions along a given livestock improvement program. In most cases , where livestock improvement and conservation programs are being carried out, the lack of gender consideration constrains the development of holistic approaches to achieve desirable goals.</text>
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                <text>Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences</text>
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                <text>GENERIC VIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION</text>
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                <text> S.B.M. MARUME</text>
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                <text>Most social scientists now publicly consider the scholarly work of Professor J.J.N Cloete&#13;
extremely rational and practical, and believe that it can be made operational in any institutionalized frame of&#13;
reference. He outlines the six main administrative categories listed by him, namely, policy, organization,&#13;
finance, personnel, procedures and control, which make up the subject of this article.</text>
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                <text>PROVIDED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION USE.&#13;
NOT FOR REPRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION OR COMMERCIAL USE.&#13;
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                <text>One principal source of unsubstantial meat production&#13;
efficiency in commercial small ruminants is high kid/lamb&#13;
mortality, where a larger proportion of kid/lamb crop fails to&#13;
reach marketable age resulting in immense economic losses.&#13;
There is apparent evidence accrued through extensive studies&#13;
which point to the fact that heredity and some non-genetic factors&#13;
drive kid/lamb mortality in goats and sheep production. In this&#13;
respect, mortality of kids/lambs may vary with genotype,&#13;
nutrition, litter size, dam age and parity order, nutrition, sex and&#13;
age of kid/lamb and season and year of kidding/lambing. The&#13;
present review will give an insight on the influence of genotype,&#13;
birth weight and birth status as determinants of mortality in goat&#13;
and sheep. The resultant effect of genotype on kid/lamb mortality&#13;
is associated with traits imparted to both dams and/or kid/lamb&#13;
such as birth weight size related to difficult birth, kid/lamb&#13;
viability after kidding/lambing and maternal characteristics. Low&#13;
birth weight kid/lamb may die due to failure to adapt to life after&#13;
birth, incompetence to sustain body temperature as a result of&#13;
low energy body reserves at birth result into death, low kid/lamb&#13;
potency and poor maternal attachment exposes kid/lambs to less&#13;
survival chances. On the other hand, multiple birth has an adverse&#13;
effect on kid/lamb survival due to lower birth weight as litter size&#13;
increases, which is a lead factor to more hazard to mortality. The major reason for high mortality in underweight kid/lamb at birth is&#13;
probably due to lack of suckling and/or exposure to low body&#13;
temperatures. Mature dams give birth to heavier kids and provide&#13;
enough milk to nursed kids/lambs promoting faster growth rates&#13;
subsequently enhancing survivability of kids/lambs. There is&#13;
potentiality of manipulation of husbandry practices focusing on&#13;
ensuring that all born kids/lambs are as close as possible to the&#13;
acceptable birth weight average for that specific breed of choice.&#13;
It should be noted that due to multifaceted nature of the&#13;
determinants of mortality it is reasonable to assume that&#13;
appreciation of specific cause and occurrence of kids’/lamb&#13;
mortality could be advantageous to minimise mortality rates. A&#13;
total eradication of kid/lamb mortality is probably unachievable as&#13;
a result partly targeting the control of both environmental and&#13;
animal-related factors is of paramount importance. High kid/lamb&#13;
mortality necessitate for good management practices and&#13;
improved dam nutrition to support nursing of multiple birth, in&#13;
addition to the exploitation of crossbred’s livability and&#13;
survivability. The present review gives an insight on the&#13;
determinants of mortality and associated factors in goat and&#13;
sheep meat production</text>
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                <text>Agricultural Advances</text>
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        <name>Birth status</name>
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        <name>Goat</name>
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                <text>GENOTYPE INFLUENCING YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN DIFFERENT DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS</text>
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                <text> NEVER ASSAN</text>
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                <text>The milk yield and milk composition of dairy animals are influenced by a large number of factors. Generally, these factors are based on genetic and non-genetic differences between dairy animals. While the genetic potential of an animal is fixed at conception, non genetic factors such as nutrition, management, milking frequency, rearing methods, stage of lactation, etc. determine whether genetic potential is attained. Therefore, the maximum marketable milk yield with different fat and protein content is desirable to producers to increase farm profitability and can be affected by choice of appropriate genotype. The present discussion explores the consequences of choice of genotype in dairy production enterprises for the milk yield and composition. The discussion points to the fact that genotype affect either yield or milk composition during the entire lactation. However, across genotypes fat and protein yields are affected by both the quantity of milk produced and fat or protein percentages in the milk.</text>
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                <text>Scientific Journal of Biological Sciences</text>
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                <text>2015</text>
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        <name>composition</name>
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        <name>dairy production</name>
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        <name>Genotype</name>
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        <name>yield</name>
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                <text>GOAT PRODUCTION AS A MITIGATION STRATEGY TO CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY IN SEMI ARID TROPICS.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>NEVER ASSAN</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Due to climatic variability in semi arid tropics, livestock production faces many challenges that threaten its viability. This is a review that looks at the potential of goat production as one of the many mitigating strategies in confronting climate change in semi arid tropics. The discussion focuses on specific goat ethological, morphological and physiological characteristics that have environmental adaptation implications. Physiological, behavioral and morphological responses let goats effectively thrive in unfavorable climate change induced environmental conditions. These responses are important in matching goats to specific environmental conditions and ensuring a sustainable level of production. Severe feed shortages resulting from changes in rainfall pattern, and water scarcity are some of the major climate change induced environmental stressors, which have caused livestock capacity decline. Their negative influence on livestock production calls for use of adapted livestock species to cope with unavoidable climate change effects. Goats have shown to be a remarkable animal species that possess distinctive qualities enabling it to excel efficiently in harsh tropical environments. As climate change takes a center stage in defining livestock productivity in semi arid tropics, there is greater need to stress what type of livestock species to keep. Therefore, the selection of adapted livestock species will be critical in sustaining productivity under this increasingly challenging environment. Identification of livestock species adaptable to semi arid tropics, is recommended for achieving sustainable levels of production. This is on the understanding that selection of adapted livestock species counteracts the negative effects of climate change in such a way that productivity can be maintained and improved. While other species tend to be highly vulnerable, goats have evolved a unique and fascinating array of physiological, morphological and reproductive characteristics, which have contributed to their survival and proliferation in unique unfavorable tropical environmental niches. This points to the fact that promotion of goat production may be a viable mitigation strategy in the context of climate change. It is thus suggested that as climatic variability worsens, goats will assume a critical role in livestock production due to their adaptive features, such as feeding behavior, disease and heat tolerance. These behavioral, morphological and physiological characteristics enable goats to effectively cope with the stressful nature of the vast semi arid tropics. The discussion concludes with the understanding that promotion of goats becomes a key component of semi arid tropics livestock production systems. Due to goats’ numerical strength and greater adaptability to varying harsh tropical environmental conditions, they offer a compelling solution to livestock production capacity utilization to minimize destabilizing factors associated with the uncertainties of climate change.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="359">
                <text>Scientific Journal of Animal Science</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>Adaptation</name>
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        <name>Climate change</name>
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        <name>Goat production</name>
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      <tag tagId="98">
        <name>Keywords</name>
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        <name>Mitigation</name>
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        <name>Semi-arid tropics</name>
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                <text>GOVERNMENTAL PLANNING</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="362">
                <text>S.B.M MARUME</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>According to social scientists, namely; public administration scientists, political scientists,&#13;
economists, sociologists, students and readers, planning is now viewed and accepted as an indispensible activity&#13;
in the public sector, as opposed to the ancient point of view that to foretell the future did not reside within the&#13;
province of humankind’s capabilities. As a matter of fact, planning with reference to contemporary thinking is&#13;
accorded a necessary element in governmental activities, as is evident from the uses of various terms and&#13;
concepts such as policy planning, development planning, economic planning, social planning, rural planning,&#13;
urban planning, and governmental planning to mention but a few; and the latter concept, that is, governmental&#13;
planning, is the subject this article</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="364">
                <text>IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2016</text>
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        <name>and governmental planning</name>
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        <name>development planning</name>
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        <name>economic planning</name>
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        <name>foretell the future</name>
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        <name>indispensable activity</name>
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        <name>planning</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="366">
                <text>EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RAPE AND CABBAGE</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367">
                <text>CALVER MVUMI</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="368">
                <text>AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="369">
                <text>2012</text>
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      <tag tagId="127">
        <name>cabbage farming</name>
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        <name>Moringa oleifera leaf</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>EFFECT OF MORINGA EXTRACT ON GROWTH AND&#13;
YIELD OF TOMATO&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="371">
                <text> CALVER MVUMI</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="372">
                <text> FANUEL TAGWIRA</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="373">
                <text>ALBERT. Z CHITEKA&#13;
</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>ials were carried out to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a&#13;
growth hormone on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumL var.&#13;
Rodade).&#13;
In the greenhouse, five treatments were used: the control, where only water&#13;
was added (M0), second control where ethanol 80 % was added (ME), moringa&#13;
extract applied once at 2 weeks from emergence (M1), moringa extract applied at 2&#13;
and 4 weeks from emergence (M2), and moringa extract applied every 2 weeks to&#13;
maturity,starting from two weeks from germination (M3).The same treatments were&#13;
adopted in the field except the ME which was considered unnecessary after&#13;
observing the results of the greenhouse experiment. Results showed that moringa&#13;
extract increased growth and yield of tomato in both greenhouse and field. Moringa&#13;
extract significantly increased above ground dry matter yield (DM), root dry matter&#13;
weight and plant height for the crop. Yields obtained at MI, M2 and M3 were&#13;
increasing in extract at M3.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="375">
                <text>Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="376">
                <text>2012</text>
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        <name>growth hormone</name>
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      <tag tagId="128">
        <name>oringaoleifera leaf extract</name>
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      <tag tagId="130">
        <name>tomato</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="377">
                <text>GROWTH, CARCASS AND MEAT PERFORMANCE IN GOAT AND SHEEP BREEDS AND THEIR&#13;
CROSSES&#13;
</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>he growth performance, carcass and meat properties are the&#13;
driving factors for efficiency and overall viability of goat and sheep meat&#13;
production systems. These performance factors are much dependent on&#13;
genotype, although the overall productive capacity will be influenced by&#13;
other factors such as nutrition, management, health and other animal&#13;
related factors as age, slaughter weight and sex. Goats and sheep breeds&#13;
are diverse and populated all around the worlds’ agro ecological regions&#13;
culminating in distinctive performances. Some agro ecological regions&#13;
usually use both pure breeds and assorted crossbred goats and sheep&#13;
that include characteristics from more than one breed, which might be&#13;
locally available or exotic breeds. Breed differences in performance&#13;
characteristics proffer contingency to improved efficiency of goat and&#13;
sheep meat production as a consequence of growth, carcass and meat&#13;
performance. Different production systems have taken advantage of&#13;
various goats and sheep breeds and their crosses for meat production&#13;
and have designed their management specifically to maximize production&#13;
on targeted breeds. Pure breeding and crossbreeding have been the most&#13;
used mode of production to promote growth performance, carcass and&#13;
meat parameters to serve specific commercial meat market expectations&#13;
and consumer appeal. Straight breeding has its own share of benefits and&#13;
shortcomings, on the other hand goat and sheep breed diversity and&#13;
genetic distance have acted as valuable ingredient which has been&#13;
exploited in crossbreeding systems in improving growth performance carcass and meat parameters. Different forms of systematic crossing&#13;
strategy to improve growth performance, carcass and meat production&#13;
have been designed based on specialized terminal sires breeds to&#13;
complement performance characteristics of known maternal breeds lines.&#13;
In this case, appropriate choice of breed to attain optimal growth, carcass&#13;
and meat parameters as expected by specific markets and meat products&#13;
acceptable to consumers becomes critical. Unlike pure breeding&#13;
accomplishment of breeds and their crosses utilization is dependent on&#13;
their genetic distance among them, as well as breed complementarity,&#13;
individual, maternal and paternal heterosis that make the proper choice&#13;
of breeds employed in a crossing system of great importance. Therefore,&#13;
it is recommendable for goat and sheep producers to acquaint&#13;
themselves with the production potential of available goat and sheep&#13;
genetic resources in order to get maximum meat production utility. The&#13;
present review gives an insight on the performance of goat and sheep&#13;
breeds and their crosses in terms of growth, carcass and meat&#13;
production.</text>
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                <text>Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences</text>
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                <text>THE ROLE OF HOME BACKGROUND ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AT GRADE SEVEN LEVEL&#13;
IN MOUNT DARWIN SCHOOLS IN MASHONALAND CENTRAL PROVINCE OF ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>RITA  KASOWE</text>
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                <text>The aim of this present study was to examine the relationship between home background and academic&#13;
achievement of Grade seven pupils in Mount Darwin District in northern Zimbabwe. The quantitative methodology was&#13;
used and a population of all the Grade seven teachers in the district. A sample of 100 teachers randomly selected was&#13;
used. Data were collected through the use of a questionnaire. The study revealed that the majority of the children came&#13;
from economically sound home backgrounds with parents who had high levels of literacy. The parents were also able to&#13;
provide educational and material support to their children and thus the children performed very well. The study&#13;
recommends that parents should be more involved in the education of their children</text>
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        <name>urban schools</name>
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                <text>THE EFFECTS OF PLANTING METHODS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF&#13;
GROUNDNUT (&#13;
ARACHIS HYPOGAEA) CULTIVAR NATAL COMMON IN AFRICA&#13;
SOUTH OF THE SAHARA&#13;
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                <text>The most appropriate planting method to use for optimum growth and yield of groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea)&#13;
in Africa South of the Sahara (ASS) among those currently used is not known, as the methods are highly&#13;
influenced by environmental conditions in specific regions. Investigations of the effects of planting methods on&#13;
growth and yield of a groundnut cultivar (cv.) (NTC), under rainfed conditions were carried out. Treatments used&#13;
were planting on flat ground (FG), earthing up after planting on flat ground (EFG) and planting on ridges (R).&#13;
Flat ground was considered as the standard (control). The parameters measured for growth were plant height,&#13;
stem width and number of leaves, while those for yield were grain yield, pod yield and number of pods plant-1.&#13;
Results showed that the planting methods used significantly (P&lt;0.001) increased number of leaves plant-1of NTC.&#13;
All treatment means were significantly (P&lt;0.05) different, and R had the greatest mean number of leaves.&#13;
Treatments did not significantly (P= 0.533) increase grain yield; only the R mean grain yield was significantly&#13;
(P&lt;0.05) greater, compared to the other two methods. Panting on ridges (R), followed by EFG, had higher&#13;
number of leaves, number of pods plant-1 and increased grain yield, which, thus outweighing FT. Increase in the&#13;
number of leaves, which are important for growth, and pod yield plant-1, are thought to be responsible for the&#13;
ultimate increase grain yield. It is recommended that groundnuts should be planted on R in SSA in order to&#13;
cherish the highest production benefits of NTC groundnut</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)</text>
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        <name>Environmental differences</name>
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                <text>IMPACT OF ACADEMIC REGISTRY INFORMATION SYSTEMS ON OPEN&#13;
DISTANCE LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF ZIMBABWE OPEN&#13;
UNIVERSITY (2011-2017)&#13;
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                <text> TAFADZWA ARTHUR MANGWERE&#13;
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                <text>DR FARAI CHOGA</text>
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                <text>This study is to evaluate the impact of academic registry information&#13;
system on open distance learning with the Zimbabwe Open University as the case&#13;
study. The research assessed the service, information and system qualities as well as&#13;
the benefits and challenges faced by the system users in executing their duties using&#13;
the system. The system users include lecturers, administrative staff and information&#13;
records clerks in various departments of the university. The researchers used the&#13;
mixed methodology where the quantitative approach was the primary method while&#13;
the qualitative, through the interview guide complemented as a secondary method.&#13;
Closed-ended questionnaires and interview guides were used as research instruments.&#13;
A population sample of 54 participants was used. A total of 35 out of 54 managed to&#13;
respond to the questionnaire. It was concluded that the system brought effectiveness&#13;
and individual satisfaction as benefits although it was found to have some errors as&#13;
well as providing inconclusive reports. The study found that the registry system&#13;
brought high levels of satisfaction. However there was need for more training and&#13;
support from the system to overcome challenges. It was also recommended that the&#13;
system should be user friendly and exhibit ease of use functions.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Environmental Science, Computer Science and&#13;
Engineering &amp; Technology</text>
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        <name>examination processes</name>
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                <text>IMPACT OF PLURALISTIC AND DEMAND DRIVEN EXTENSION ON CROP PRODUCTION. A CASE STUDY OF GOKWE SOUTH WARD 23, ZIMBABWE</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="399">
                <text>ALEC MUZENDA</text>
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                <text> FLORENCE CHIMBWANDA</text>
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                <text>ANDREW. TAPIWA  KUGEDERA</text>
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                <text>Download full-text PDF&#13;
Read full-text&#13;
Download citation&#13;
References (13)&#13;
Figures (2)&#13;
Abstract and Figures&#13;
Agriculture forms the backbone of economies of most developing countries and Zimbabwe is not an exception. Majority of Zimbabwe's population like in most African countries dwells in the rural area and have farming as their major source of livelihood. Successful farming in such areas is only possible if there are supporting infrastructure and services in place, for example access to extension, credit and good roads. This study is more concerned about the agricultural extensions services that are being offered in the rural areas of Zimbabwe. The government together with other private institutions recently introduced demand driven and pluralistic extension in some rural areas and this study seeks to determine its impact on crop production. It made a back and forth pluralistic extension implementation comparison of yields, area planted and crop income in ward 23 of Gokwe south. The data used was secondary data obtained from the AREX data base. Data was analysed in SPSS and Excel. The main crops grown in Gokwe south are mug beans, sesame, maize and groundnuts. The output, area planted, and income increased since the introduction of pluralistic extension. The results show that there is a significant difference in quantity and income of mug beans (P&lt;0.05). Sesame output and income difference was also significant (P&lt;0.05). The difference in output, income and cropped area was also significant for maize and groundnuts(P&lt;0.05). It was recommended that the government should encourage pluralistic extension in communal areas in other parts of the country in order to improve agricultural production.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="403">
                <text>Amity Journal of Agribusiness</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2018</text>
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        <name>Agricultural Extension</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>Communal Farmers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="150">
        <name>Crop Production</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="149">
        <name>Demand Driven Extension</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>Pluralistic Extension</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="405">
                <text>IMPACT OF TRAINING COUPLES ON DECISION MAKING AND PLANNING ON FOOD AND&#13;
INCOME SECURITY: A CASE OF COWPEAS FARMERS IN GURUVE DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="406">
                <text>DELIWE TEMBACHAKO</text>
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                <text>FUTURE FORTUNE T CHISANGO </text>
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                <text>PEPUKAI  MUZONDIWA   SVINURAI</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="409">
                <text>The study’s main aim was to evaluate the impact of gender household targeted training (added to technical skills acquired) on&#13;
decision making and planning on food and income security. Determining the level of women participation in household decision&#13;
making and planning on income level and assets accrued from sales of cowpeas produce and appraising training impact were the&#13;
guiding objectives. The T-Test analysis results showed a significance difference of 1between trained and untrained women’s level&#13;
of participation in household decision making and planning with (0.015 p value), income realised from cowpea produce (0.041 p&#13;
value), ownership of productive assets (0.017 p value and food security (0.039 p value). The significant differences in favour of&#13;
the treatment (trained) group signified the positive impact of targeted couple trainings. Thus, training proved to have promoted&#13;
women participation in economic household decision making processes with their improved self-confidence, signifying&#13;
significances of targeted training. Trainings also improved coordination between spouses in areas of input acquisition, planning,&#13;
decision making as well as marketing and accountability over use of proceeds. The implication of these results was that&#13;
development partners and extension agents should add couple/ household targeted gender and agricultural trainings to tackle&#13;
gender challenges that retard commercialization of cowpeas production and other potential crops labeled ‘women’s crops’.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="410">
                <text>International Journal of Innovative Research &amp; Development</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>IMPACT OF MASTER FARMER TRAINING ON SMALLHOLDER FARMERS’ RAPOKO ELEUSINE&#13;
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                <text> OSCAR NDORO</text>
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                <text>PETRONELLA  MATIZANADZO</text>
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                <text> SEKAI.  A  MANYIWO</text>
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                <text>Sustainability revolves around many factors which include technological training, number of farmers trained and high&#13;
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considering in situ variables in Buhera District. A cross-sectional survey design was used among trained and non-trained&#13;
farmers. Data analysis was carried out in R version 3.2.3. Chi-squared test for independence was used to confirm&#13;
association between MFT and rapoko cultivation, and between household gender and rapoko cultivation. MFT had a&#13;
positive influence on number of farmers (100% were master farmers (MFs), while 23% were non-master farmers (NMFs)&#13;
who grew rapoko). Yields for MFs were higher than for NMFs. The values for first and second year of t were 3.37 at P &lt;&#13;
0.01 and 10.75 at P&lt; 0.01 respectively. MFT influenced formation of farmer groups which allowed them to get training&#13;
on rapoko cultivation. More male-headed households (70%) cultivated rapoko than female-headed households (40%)</text>
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                <text>Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa </text>
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                <text>IMPLEMENTATION OF E-LEARNING IN THE NORTHERN CENTRAL&#13;
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                <text>BARBRA NGWENYA&#13;
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                <text>DR FARAI CHOGA</text>
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                <text>The study sought to investigate the implementation of e-learning in schools&#13;
and was a case study of Harare Northern Central District from 2015 to 2017. The&#13;
research objectives were to determine the benefits of e-learning, identify the&#13;
challenges hindering the implementation of e-learning in the schools, determine&#13;
strategies which can be used to implement e-learning and identify any&#13;
recommendations which can be used in the implementation of e-learning. The&#13;
researchers used qualitative research methodology and used interviews and&#13;
questionnaires as data collection methods. The study revealed that e-leaning was&#13;
being used mostly in schools and government was working hard to support the&#13;
school’s initiatives towards the implementation. It was recommended that colleges&#13;
and universities should train more teachers in ICTs for the school system. Schools&#13;
should source funds so that they engage ICT software programmers for e-learning.&#13;
Parents should also support their children so that they understand the importance of e-&#13;
learning. The Government should engage the private sector and mobilize funds to&#13;
modernize education in Zimbabwe</text>
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                <text>An International Peer Review E-3 Journal of Sciences and Technology</text>
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                <text>IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBALIZATION ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM GROWTH&#13;
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                <text>THOMAS. P.Z. MPOFU</text>
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                <text>Globalization is a phenomenon that has permeated and influenced the whole spectrum of human activities.&#13;
One such activity is the tourism industry. This is due primarily to tourism’s geographical scale; its spatial&#13;
linkages, as well as increased tourist flows to all corners of the world, including Sub-Saharan Africa. While&#13;
the benefits that have accrued to several countries of the world are well known, the impact of globalization&#13;
on tourism growth and development to Sub-Saharan Africa has not been thoroughly studied. The main&#13;
objective of this paper, therefore, is to assess the extent to which tourism globalization has benefited Sub-&#13;
Saharan African countries. The study is based on secondary data sources. The paper submits that some Sub-&#13;
Saharan African countries have, through globalization, increased their revenues and foreign currency&#13;
earnings; created additional employment; introduced new technology in transport, communications and e-&#13;
commerce; and improved their tourism facilities and services to meet international standards. On the social&#13;
and environmental fronts, globalization has broadened people’s knowledge; created respect for indigenous&#13;
cultures; contributed to the protection and conservation of historical monuments as well as the physical&#13;
environments. Some Sub-Saharan countries have attracted multinational corporations through vertical and&#13;
horizontal mergers, takeovers and integrations. However, the paper also notes that tourism globalization has&#13;
not been a panacea. It has also brought negative impacts such as price increases in land values and basic&#13;
commodities; financial leakages and repatriation of foreign currency. Also, an influx of international&#13;
tourists has led to a change in some African cultural values, resulting in local communities losing their&#13;
cohesion and commitment to family life, religion and traditional customs. On the basis of the above&#13;
findings, the paper recommends that Sub-Saharan African governments should closely monitor the negative&#13;
impacts of the globalization process while continuing to reap the many benefits that accrue from this&#13;
phenomenon.</text>
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                <text>EFFECTS OF IN-ROW SPACING ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF IRISH POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) VARIETIES IN EASTERN HIGHLANDS OF ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>   CALVER  MVUMI</text>
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                <text> ALBERT MAWOKO</text>
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                <text>ALMA  MUROPA</text>
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                <text>ALBERT TSINDI</text>
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                <text>rish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields vary widely, usually showing a declining trend, due to differences in in-row spacing used,as well as poor varietal selection for specific locations. This study evaluated the growth and yield responses to different in-row spacings of different varieties of Irish potato grown in Eastern highlands of Zimbabwe. The treatments consisted of three varieties, namely BP1, Diamond and Garnet, and three in-row spacings, namely: 10 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm. Inter-row spacing was maintained at 90cm for all treatments. Treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD); 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, replicated 3 times. Measurements taken were on plant height, number of potato tubers plant-1, and weight of marketable potato tubers, and then averaged. All in-row spacing were significantly different at P &lt;0.001 with 10 cm producing the highest mean height (92.29 cm). Of the three varieties (Garnet, Diamond and BP1), BP1 produced the greatest height (76.12 cm). There was significant interaction (P=0.001) between variety and in-row spacing on the mean number of tubers plant-1. BP1 produced superior (P &lt; 0.001) mean weight of tubers (15.14 t/ha) and potato tubers/plant (21.47) in comparison to Garnet and Diamond at 10 cm in-row spacing. In conclusion, the study reported the optimum in-row spacing of 10 cm at which, BP1, among the other tested varieties, showed potential to attain the greatest growth and tuber yield when grown under ideal conditions</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR</text>
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                <text>IN VITRO DEGRADABILITY OF FORAGE LEGUMES USING THE ANKOM RF GAS TECHNIQUE</text>
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                <text>S. KATSANDE</text>
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                <text>J. J BALOYI</text>
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                <text>F. V. NHERERA-CHOKUDA</text>
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                <text>N. T. NGONGONI</text>
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                <text>G. MATOPE</text>
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                <text>The AnkomRF gas production technique was used to assess rumen degradability of Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean), Vigna&#13;
unguiculata Walp (L) (cowpea) and Desmodium uncinatum (silverleaf desmodium) forage legumes. Forage samples of 1.0&#13;
g/DM were placed into 250ml glass jar and incubated at 390C over 72 hours. Rumen liquor that was taken from 2 fistulated&#13;
Friesian cows on a dairy ration was mixed with saliva in the ratio of 4:1. Most but not all of the gas in the three legume&#13;
forages was produced within the first 48 hours post-incubation. The volumes of gases produced ranged from 61.38 to 70.37&#13;
ml, with an average of 64.16ml, whilst the fractional rate of gas production varied between 4.6 and 5.6%/h with a mean of&#13;
5%/h. Cowpea produced the highest amount of gas followed by velvet bean.</text>
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                <text>AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE</text>
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        <name>Vigna unguiculata Walp (L).</name>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>INDIGENOUS GOATS AND SHEEP BREEDS AND THEIR CROSSES IN THE TROPICS AND&#13;
SUBTROPICS: GROWTH TRAITS, CARCASS PARAMETERS AND MEAT QUALITY PROPERTIES&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>ASSAN NEVER </text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The tropics and subtropics is a habitat to diverse populations of&#13;
indigenous goats and sheep breeds known for their adaptability to the&#13;
existing harsh agro-ecological conditions and the majority are reared&#13;
under traditional systems of management. Apart from their inherent&#13;
ability to cope with a range of climatic conditions including disease&#13;
challenges and inadequate feed resources whilst being exposed to&#13;
mostly unsound management practices, indigenous goats and sheep are&#13;
an integral part of the smallholder resource poor rural economies.&#13;
Therefore, there is an obligation and considerable potential for&#13;
increased meat production from the already existing diversity of&#13;
indigenous goats and sheep animal genetic resources in the tropics and&#13;
subtropics. However, indigenous goat and sheep performance in most&#13;
cases is less than ideal due to a number of constraints namely&#13;
inadequate nutrition and disease prevalence, poor support institutional&#13;
involvement and lack of adequate government policies and funding to&#13;
develop this industry. It has been noted that apart from their low&#13;
genetic potential, indigenous goats and sheep’s exposure to suboptimal&#13;
nutrition has been identified as the major factor that contribute to their&#13;
low meat production. This is despite that the principal advantage of&#13;
utilising indigenous goats and sheep in the tropics and subtropics is&#13;
rightfully based on their small size and ability to utilise less productive&#13;
areas that exist in existing total farming areas. Their ability to adapt to&#13;
suboptimal production conditions characterised by persistent substandard nutritional feed resources makes indigenous goats and&#13;
sheep perfect candidates for meat production in the tropics and&#13;
subtropics. The potentiality of indigenous goats and sheep in the tropics&#13;
and subtropics has been downgraded because they have not been&#13;
selected for high meat performance. In this case efforts are at different&#13;
stages of genetic characterisation of various indigenous goats and sheep&#13;
breeds in order to ascertain their meat production potential. At the&#13;
same time, crossing of genetically improved exotic goats and sheep&#13;
breeds with indigenous flocks, has been noted as a feasible option to&#13;
enhance meat productivity in the tropics and subtropics. Recent trends&#13;
in indigenous goats and sheep utilization in order to match demand for&#13;
meat and improve productivity in resource poor farming areas in the&#13;
tropics and subtropics, local farmers have been incentivised to rear&#13;
improved genotypes, which are predominantly crossbreds between&#13;
superior meat exotic breeds and the indigenous goats and sheep breeds.&#13;
Productivity with regards to indigenous goats and sheep can be specified&#13;
as the magnitude of production or efficiency of production. This is based&#13;
on the fact that in any indigenous goats and sheep production&#13;
environment, productivity per se will exceptionally depend on an&#13;
intricate correlations of biotic, abiotic and socio-economic variables. The&#13;
factors are interdependent and therefore should be considered&#13;
comprehensively to establish their ranking and how adjustments in&#13;
constituents influence the whole indigenous goats and sheep production&#13;
systems. A number of studies have been carried out to assess the&#13;
growth potential, carcass and meat quality properties of several&#13;
indigenous goats and sheep and their crosses in various agro-ecological&#13;
regions within the tropics and subtropics. The results have been&#13;
inconsistent due to various reasons which might probably include non-&#13;
identical production conditions and the genetics of various small&#13;
ruminants’ ecotype breeding groups. The present review gives an insight&#13;
on some documented growth performance and carcass and meat quality&#13;
properties of indigenous goats and sheep in the tropics and subtropics.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="450">
                <text>Scientific Journal of Animal Science</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="451">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
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        <name>Carcass</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="110">
        <name>Goat</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="175">
        <name>Growth traits</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="174">
        <name>Indigenous</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="176">
        <name>Meat parameters</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="111">
        <name>Sheep</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="177">
        <name>Tropics. Subtropics</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="81">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>INFLUENCE OF NON-GENETIC FACTORS WEIGHT AND CARCASS TRAITS IN&#13;
INDIGENOUS MATEBELE GOAT&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="453">
                <text>ASSAN, N</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The objective of the present study was to establish the non-genetic factors which affect slaughter weight&#13;
and carcass traits. A mixed classification model containing the effects of year of slaughter, age at slaughter,&#13;
month of slaughter and sex was used for identification of non-genetic factors. The slaughter weight and carcass&#13;
traits data were analyzed using the General Linear Models (GLM) procedure of the Statistical Analysis System&#13;
(SAS) (1996) to establish the significance of the non-genetic factors. The effects of year of slaughter had a&#13;
significant influence on slaughter weight and all carcass traits analyzed in the present study. The year of&#13;
slaughter also influenced the size of the prime cuts such as hind barrel and front barrel within the 1992 to 1999&#13;
period of study. The dressing percentage averaged 58.40 ± 2.76 kg which was slightly constant within different&#13;
year of slaughter. Age at slaughter had a significant (p&lt;0.01) difference on slaughter weight and most carcass&#13;
traits with the exception of edible meat offals as a percentage of hot carcass mass. Sex significantly affects&#13;
slaughter weight and most carcass traits except for edible meat offal as a percentage of hot carcass mass and&#13;
empty gastro-intestinal tracts. There was variation in performance of slaughter weight and carcass traits due to&#13;
year of slaughter, month of slaughter, age of slaughter and sex.</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="455">
                <text>Global Researchers Journal </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="456">
                <text>2012</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="180">
        <name>carcass traits</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="181">
        <name>indigenous Matebele Goat</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="178">
        <name>Non-genetic factors</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="179">
        <name>slaughter weight</name>
      </tag>
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        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/fcdf258d0f9c569b3f278c06c7051efd.pdf</src>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="457">
                <text>INFORMATION POLICY ADVOCACY AND LOBBYING</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="458">
                <text>DR. CHIPO MUTONGI</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="459">
                <text>If some ideas, decisions and policies are not advocated and lobbed for, they would remain unknown&#13;
to implementers and to the general public. It is imperative to advocate and lobby for different information&#13;
policies in order for those in power to see the value and reasons for the formulation and implementation of the&#13;
information policies. Probably it is lack of awareness that is not bringing those policy changes. This article&#13;
explores information policy advocacy and lobbying as well as distinguishing information policy advocacy from&#13;
lobbying. Some reasons for information policy advocacy failure are given and some ways of making&#13;
information policy advocacy a success are established</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="460">
                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="461">
                <text>2016</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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        </elementContainer>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="183">
        <name>advocacy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="189">
        <name>change.</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="188">
        <name>information management</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="182">
        <name>Information policy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="187">
        <name>legislation</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="184">
        <name>lobbying</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="185">
        <name>policy analysis</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="186">
        <name>policy makers</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
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        <src>https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/82014dc4c768178ba02b81c2f2963f7e.pdf</src>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="75">
                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="463">
                <text>LAMBERT ACADEMIC PUBLISHING</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="464">
                <text>LAMBERT ACADEMIC PUBLISHING</text>
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        <name>information for authors</name>
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