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                <text>A STUDY OF THE FACTORS IMPACTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RESULTS BASED MANAGEMENT (RBM) IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE IN ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>RUDO GRACE GWATA</text>
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                <text>This study determined that the availability of capacity to implement Results Based Management&#13;
(RBM) is a major determinant of the success or failure of the strategy. The purpose of the study was&#13;
to investigate the main factors that impacted on the implementation of the RBM strategy in the&#13;
Zimbabwe Public Service. Over the past three decades, the principle of RBM has been adopted by&#13;
many Governments and public organizations worldwide to improve the implementation of national&#13;
programmes. In Zimbabwe, the strategy was introduced in 2005 with the expectation that there&#13;
would be improvement in the Public Service delivery and subsequently the lives of all stakeholders&#13;
within the delivery system. However, the results, like in many other countries, had not been realized&#13;
as expected. The study sought to understand the factors that affected the implementation of the&#13;
strategy from the perspective of individual managers in the Zimbabwe Public Service, to determine&#13;
whether or not the implementation process could help to explain the limited impact of the strategy.&#13;
Limited research had been done to explore the experiences of individuals in the implementation of&#13;
Public sector reforms. Understanding the experiences of Civil Servants regarding RBM could help to&#13;
identify strategies to improve implementation and hence increased impact of the management&#13;
strategy. Such understanding can also provide insight into the formulation of future initiatives for the&#13;
implementation of other national programmes. It is expected that this study will contribute towards&#13;
providing the Zimbabwe Public Service, and possibly other organizations, with suggestions on how&#13;
they can improve their service to stakeholders. The study used both secondary and primary data. The&#13;
secondary data was obtained through extensive study of relevant literature while the primary data&#13;
was obtained from an exploratory study that comprised purposive and snowball sampling of middle&#13;
and top managers from Head Offices of government institutions. Semi-structured open ended&#13;
questions were asked to 32 managers to explore their experiences and challenges in the&#13;
implementation of RBM. Content analysis of the original transcripts was employed to identify&#13;
emergent themes. A number of key findings emerged from this study including the inadequacy of skills, information, attitude as well as financial resources to effectively implement RBM. In the case&#13;
of financial resources, the inadequacy was reportedly in terms of both timing and quantity. Also,&#13;
there was inadequate performance by managers in both the planning and performance measurement&#13;
functions which are the core components of RBM. The main conclusion drawn from this research is&#13;
that managers, particularly those within the line Ministries, were implementing the strategy without&#13;
the requisite capacity to allow for the realization of the benefits of RBM. This study argues for a&#13;
results based capacity building model to effectively equip managers with the required capacity. That&#13;
is, a model that focuses on results emphasizes full participation of stakeholders in the identification&#13;
of knowledge needs, formulation of strategies, monitoring and evaluation of these strategies. Such&#13;
monitoring and evaluation includes the review and adjustment of the related systems as well as the&#13;
incorporation of learning and information sharing throughout the process.</text>
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                <text>A TRAINING FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING TAXPAYER EDUCATION AND&#13;
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                <text>TAFADZWA JIMU </text>
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                <text>This paper proposed a novel training framework for enhancing taxpayer education and&#13;
compliance in Zimbabwe, with a focus on bridging the gap for sustainable tax revenue. The&#13;
study addressed the pressing challenge of low tax compliance within the informal economic&#13;
sector, identifying the absence of an effective taxpayer education system as a critical catalyst&#13;
for this research. The purpose of the study was to devise an innovative training framework&#13;
tailored to improve tax compliance and revenue collection efficiency. Employing a mixed-&#13;
method approach deemed effective for a complex subject, data were gathered through&#13;
structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The findings of this study revealled that the&#13;
existing presumptive tax system was ineffective, and compliance remained low due to&#13;
inadequate taxpayer education. Based on the results, the study developed a comprehensive&#13;
contemporary training framework specifically designed to enhance taxpayer education and&#13;
compliance in Zimbabwe’s informal economic sector. The study, therefore, advocated for the&#13;
adoption of the proposed framework to improve tax literacy, streamline compliance processes,&#13;
and bolster sustainable economic growth and inclusivity</text>
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                <text>ACCESS AND INCLUSION OF INMATES TO EDUCATION THROUGH OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING MODE&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to determine distance education students’ experiences in access to and success in e-&#13;
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instrument had both closed and open-ended sections that yielded qualitative data. The research&#13;
employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of 158 distance education students&#13;
from all faculties in the Zimbabwe Open University’s Masvingo Regional Campus was extracted using&#13;
the convenience sampling method. The study found out that while the majority of distance education&#13;
students use computer related gargets such as cell phones, television remote control the majority of&#13;
them did not have access to the computers and thus to e-learning access and success is affected.&#13;
Success factors such as collaborative learning and quality e-content were heavily deflowered, marred&#13;
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could not communicate with other students and tutors on the internet. The students nevertheless were&#13;
excited about e-learning facilities provided by the university. The study, among others, recommended&#13;
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workshops targeting all students, e-learning support centre and e-learning course must be put in place&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to determine distance education students’ experiences in access to and success in e-&#13;
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instrument had both closed and open-ended sections that yielded qualitative data. The research&#13;
employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of 158 distance education students&#13;
from all faculties in the Zimbabwe Open University’s Masvingo Regional Campus was extracted using&#13;
the convenience sampling method. The study found out that while the majority of distance education&#13;
students use computer related gargets such as cell phones, television remote control the majority of&#13;
them did not have access to the computers and thus to e-learning access and success is affected.&#13;
Success factors such as collaborative learning and quality e-content were heavily deflowered, marred&#13;
and spoilt as the majority of them did not have e-mail addresses, had no skills in e-learning and hence&#13;
could not communicate with other students and tutors on the internet. The students nevertheless were&#13;
excited about e-learning facilities provided by the university. The study, among others, recommended&#13;
that wide access to e-learning facilities by distance education students, extensive skills upgrading&#13;
workshops targeting all students, e-learning support centre and e-learning course must be put in place&#13;
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                <text>ACCESS TO TERTIARY EDUCATION AS A NATIONAL STRATEGY&#13;
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THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY CASE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Development suggests a change of an irreversible nature, the characteristics of which are determined by&#13;
that which is being developed. This involves moving from an existing to an end state, through a process&#13;
(R.S. Peters and Hirst). As African countries seek to develop, the production of an enlightened or&#13;
educated community becomes critical. This development seeks to address the challenges of poverty,&#13;
conflict, disease (HIV/AIDS), to name but a few, at national, community, family and individual levels.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
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                <text>ACHIEVING GENDER EQUITY AT THE WORKPLACE: THE EXPERIENCES OF WORKING STUDENTS&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>The study sought the experiences of working students of the Zimbabwe Open University on ways of achieving&#13;
gender equity at the workplace. The research was qualitative as the questionnaire used as a data-gathering instrument had&#13;
open-ended sections that yielded qualitative data. The research employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a&#13;
sample of 206 working distance education students was extracted using the stratified random sample in which&#13;
departments and gender formed the strata. The study found out that gender equity at organisational level could be&#13;
achieved by creating a gender sensitive environment, attitudinal changes, gender responsive culture, and full participation&#13;
of women. Above all gender issues at organisational level must not be treated in isolation, but must include&#13;
empowerment policies, human rights and H.I.V.AIDS. The working students went further to prescribe a gender friendly&#13;
curriculum, equality before the law and unlimited access to gender sensitive information. The study among others&#13;
recommended that wide access to gender friendly literature, extensive outreach programmes targeting all sexes, women&#13;
advancement programmes and a participatory environment at the workplace must be put in place to enable gender equity&#13;
to prevail at the organisational level.</text>
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                <text>ACHIEVING QUALITY THROUGH BENCHMARKING IN ODL INSTITUTIONS OF&#13;
HIGHER LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF ODL INSTITUTIONS IN THE SADC REGION&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>CAXTON SHONHIWA</text>
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                <text>There was a lot of interaction about benchmarking in institutions of higher learning, but there&#13;
seemed to be no clarity on whether these institutions shared an understanding of the&#13;
benchmarking concept. There also did not seem to be a clear comprehension of what criteria the&#13;
institutions employed to measure benchmarking as a determinant of quality in higher education.&#13;
This lack of clarity motivated the study, and the motivation was irrevocably strengthened by the&#13;
encouragement some governments and international organisations made to their national&#13;
institutions of higher learning to adopt benchmarking as a quality enhancement mechanism. The&#13;
qualitative paradigm was adopted as it enabled the researcher to carry out an in-depth&#13;
interrogation of benchmarking practices in the study. The case study method facilitated the&#13;
researcher’s interaction with the benchmarking phenomenon within the context of the institution.&#13;
The population of the study was composed of all the ODL institutions in the SADC region, from&#13;
which a sample of three institutions, from three countries, was chosen. An average of five&#13;
participants was purposively selected from each institution because they possessed the required&#13;
data and these came from the ranks of Senior Management, Middle Management and Lower&#13;
Management. The researcher used in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, document&#13;
analysis and observation to generate the requisite data. The generated data were coded, analysed&#13;
and interpreted to arrive at findings and conclusions. The three institutions consciously practised&#13;
benchmarking. However, the institutions practised a different type of benchmarking from the&#13;
approaches contained in the review of related literature. The employees of one institution visited&#13;
other institutions on staff exchange programmes, as assessors and markers and to attend&#13;
academic gatherings at which information, experiences and new insights were shared. The&#13;
institutions belonged to professional associations for collaborative benchmarking purposes and&#13;
shared a common understanding of benchmarking. It was concluded that the three institutions of&#13;
higher learning consciously practised benchmarking but the practice was not formalised and not&#13;
documented, leading to the absence of a feedback loop. As a way forward, the three institutions,&#13;
and others, needed to formalise and institutionalise their benchmarking practices, and create a&#13;
feedback loop</text>
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                <text>ACHIEVING SOCIO –ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION&#13;
FOR WOMEN THROUGH ODL IN ZIMBABWE .A CASE&#13;
OF GWANDA DISTRICT</text>
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                <text>Globally there is concern for women empowerment and access to education. In developing countries such as Zimbabwe, of the 17%&#13;
who are illiterate, 2/3 of them are women who are marginalized, hence most have little or no access to education especially tertiary&#13;
education. Open and Distance learning has been seen as the panacea to address this imbalance since social realities limit the&#13;
opportunities for women to take up full time study programmes. In Zimbabwe, the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU), with its spread&#13;
to all regional compasses has been viewed as a realistic opportunity to enable the women to access university education. ZOU offers&#13;
degree programmes in the fields of Science and Technology, Business Management and Law, Humanities and Social Sciences and&#13;
Health Sciences. Based on the assumption that women have embraced the Open and Distance Learning (ODL) mode which suits&#13;
students who fulfill other commitments such as work and family, this study sought to assess the socio- economic transformation that&#13;
ODL, through ZOU has had on women in Zimbabwe in general and Gwanda district in particular. The study was carried out in&#13;
Gwanda District of Matabeleland South region in 2016, and used the qualitative approach. Purposive sampling was used to select the&#13;
participants. Data were collected through interviews. The study found that women have benefited from ODL programmes since they&#13;
now occupy influential positions at work and earn enhanced salaries. Their employment prospects have been enhanced by ODL&#13;
qualifications. Women have gained confidence to participate in workshops, meetings &amp;conferences. The study recommends that the&#13;
government of Zimbabwe subsidises ODL programmes to increase the number of women in such programmes and more Campaigns&#13;
be undertaken on the benefits of ODL to women</text>
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                <text>Global Journal of Advanced Research</text>
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                <text>ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS</text>
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                <text>DR. S. B. M. MARUME</text>
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                <text>Many a prominent social scientist argue that the administrative process is a collective term for all&#13;
the sub-processes that fall within an accepted classification framework. It has taken long, however, to obtain a&#13;
meaningful classification framework, and numbers of distinguished overseas authors have written of the&#13;
administrative process and then discussed the widest diversity of the processes in their works; and it was only in&#13;
1967 that Professor J. J. N. Cloete in his book, Introduction of Public Administration, gave the most meaningful&#13;
analytical framework which is the subject matter of this article.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Engineering Science Invention</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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        <name>and six main categories</name>
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        <name>classification framework</name>
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                <text>AFRICAN CONTEXT FOR TECHNOLOGICAL FUTURES FOR DIGITAL&#13;
LEARNING AND THE ENDOGENOUS GROWTH OF A KNOWLEDGE&#13;
ECONOMY&#13;
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                <text>GABRIEL KABANDA</text>
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                <text>The Southern African countries, embodied as the Southern African Development Community (SADC)&#13;
region, face sustainable development problems and low global competitiveness. Innovation in the&#13;
education sector presents a promissory note that can stimulate an endogenous growth of the&#13;
knowledge economy and reduction of poverty. Technological futures in digital learning are largely&#13;
influenced by complexity, simulation and modeling, and decision-making capabilities. The paper is&#13;
purposed to develop an endogenous growth model for a knowledge economy for SADC countries&#13;
where digital learning is the engine for sustainable growth with its associated technological futures and&#13;
complexity. The learners in ubiquitous learning environments are able to access the various contents&#13;
on the Web, search the electronic databases, interactively communicate with instructors and other&#13;
learners and obtain knowledge anytime and anywhere through wireless technologies. The diffusion&#13;
discourse and the social embedded innovation can achieve a desirable impact in development, mainly&#13;
through ICTs for development (ICT4D). Social media is one area that has introduced complexity in the&#13;
digital learning environment. Chaos Theory is used to seek understanding of the aperiodic behaviour in&#13;
deterministic, non-linear dynamical systems in a digital learning environment and the design thereof.&#13;
The Lorenz attractor for such a learning environment is innovation that brings solutions and relevancy&#13;
to the developmental agenda, with Lyapunov exponents expressed by divergent trajectories of ICT4D.&#13;
The Jacobian matrix grows exponentially with each technology that goes through diffusion and&#13;
adoption. The Neo-classic theory of growth is about technical progress premised on exogenous factors&#13;
and driven by labour, capital and technology. Technology diffusion in SADC is not exogenous. The&#13;
endogenous growth theory is a model of long-run economic growth that emphasizes that technological&#13;
change is influenced by economic incentives and a great diversity of resources in an African&#13;
environment, which largely supports innovation, an embodiment of knowledge in capital and learning&#13;
by doing. The mixed method methodology is used in this research, which is a research study of the&#13;
SADC region countries. Mixed methods often combine nomothetic and idiographic approaches in an&#13;
attempt to serve the dual purposes of generalisation and in-depth understanding—to gain an overview&#13;
of social regularities from a larger sample while understanding the other through detailed study of a&#13;
smaller sample. The methodology used was largely qualitative on human capital development and&#13;
technology diffusion, and quantitative on GDP and Infodensity covering 18 countries in East and&#13;
Southern Africa. The 18 countries covered by the qualitative study are South Africa, Angola, Bostwana,&#13;
Burundi, D.R. Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda,&#13;
Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. An endogenous model for sustainable economic&#13;
growth is developed through panel data analysis. Panel Data is a data set that contains repeated&#13;
observations over time, i.e., observations on multiple phenomena observed over multiple time periods&#13;
for the same firms, individuals, households, enterprises, countries, or any set of entities that remain&#13;
stable through time. An endogenous model for a knowledge economy for SADC countries is proposed.</text>
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                <text>AINVESTIGATING THE GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING ROLE OF&#13;
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                <text>This study sought to appreciate the guidance and counselling roles played by the&#13;
agency of female spirit mediumship during Zimbabwe’s liberation wars, 1896-1980,&#13;
in order to describe African worldview’s link to contemporary guidance and&#13;
counselling theory and practice. In so doing, the study offers gendered perspective&#13;
research to the study of spirit mediumship in Zimbabwe. The study’s objectives&#13;
included exploring the guidance and counselling offered by spirit mediums during the&#13;
liberation wars in Zimbabwe contextualizing it to mainstream guidance and&#13;
counselling theory and practice; examining the connection of this guidance and&#13;
counselling to African cosmology; explicating factors causing the marginalisation of&#13;
female spirit mediums in the Chimurenga meta-narrative and lastly to contribute a&#13;
home grown theory of guidance and counselling. The role of guidance and counseling&#13;
by female spirit mediums is seldom mentioned in the works of other scholars.&#13;
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phenomena of spirit mediumship. Purposive sampling and snowballing were utilized&#13;
to select the research participants and was determined by data saturation. Data were&#13;
gathered through in-depth interviews guided by interview guides and observation&#13;
schedules. Research findings revealed that female spirit mediums’ guidance and&#13;
counselling role has not been contextualized within the mainstream Western oriented&#13;
guidance and counselling theory and practice. The study concluded that the important&#13;
female spirit mediumship guidance and counselling paradigm has remained outside&#13;
the purview of mainstream guidance and counselling theory in Zimbabwe. It is&#13;
recommended that the guidance and counselling services provided by the female&#13;
spirit mediums should be recognized within conventional guidance and counselling&#13;
practice.</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Open University</text>
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                <text>ALIGNING TEACHER EDUCATION WITH EDUCATION 5.0 POLICY IN ZIMBABWE: CHALLENGES AND&#13;
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                <text>CASSIAN  MAKOTA </text>
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                <text>This paper seeks to explore and explain the challenges and opportunities faced by implementers in&#13;
aligning teacher education with Higher and Tertiary Education 5.0 policy in Zimbabwe. While this study&#13;
appreciated the efforts that were being made to align the TE practice with the intended curriculum, it&#13;
was concerned that possible opportunities were probably not being exploited in the face of emerging&#13;
curriculum transformation challenges. There was the much publicised misalignment of teacher&#13;
education with Higher and Tertiary Education 5.0 policy in Zimbabwe. This misalignment scenario&#13;
culminated in initiatives like the University of Zimbabwe Vice Chancellor’s Teacher Education&#13;
Curriculum Transformation Programme, meant to address the gaps. However, there seemed to be&#13;
some emerging challenges that could derail such processes.&#13;
This study sought to add to literature on teacher education curriculum transformation and also&#13;
promote the development of entrepreneurial and innovative teacher graduates for industrialisation&#13;
and sustainable development. This study was guided by the constructivist philosophy and the&#13;
interpretivist paradigm. The study adopted the qualitative research approach and the multiple case&#13;
study method because of the flexibility and diversity in data generation that they allow. The purposive,&#13;
non-random probability sampling procedure, featuring judgemental and convenience sampling was&#13;
employed in the study. Data generation process involved key and other informant interviews, focus&#13;
group discussion, observations and qualitative document analysis. Data was presented and analysed&#13;
using the thematic and N-vivo approaches respectively.&#13;
The study found that there were emerging challenges and unexploited opportunities in aligning the&#13;
intended Heritage based, HTE 5.0 informed curriculum with TE practice in Zimbabwe. This study,&#13;
therefore, suggested and recommended the Programmatic Teacher Education Curriculum&#13;
Implementation Framework (PTECIF) for the Zimbabwean context. The study contributes to&#13;
curriculum transformation and policy-practice alignment discourse by making multiple theoretical&#13;
insights. The study, therefore, complements the extant perspectives on curriculum review and&#13;
transformation in teacher education for industrialisation and sustainable economic growth</text>
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                <text>2023</text>
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                <text>Global Scientific Journals </text>
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        <name>innovation</name>
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                <text>AN ANALYSIS OF CHOLERA INTERVENTIONS BY DEVELOPMENT&#13;
ORGANIZATIONS IN HARARE URBAN DISTRICT FROM A DISASTER RISK REDUCTION PERSPECTIVE</text>
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                <text>JOHN MBWIRIRE</text>
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                <text>NAUME WATYOKA</text>
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                <text>This study analysed the interventions undertaken in Harare Urban District that contributed to curbing of cholera from 2008 as well as current interventions toward prevention. A mixed method approach was used combining household survey, focus group discussions and interviews.&#13;
Interventions carried out were of great assistance (awareness and prevention education, provision of temporary and long term water&#13;
supplies, sanitation and case management) although challenges in terms of mainly resources and coordination were met. Inconsistent funding to carry on with cholera prevention is still a challenge and risk factors are still abounding with some key organisations lacking capacity to act and provide the information to be acted upon. Prevention work is on-going but there is still need to continuously educate people and restore&#13;
public health infrastructure and build capacity of local authorities, regular surveillance and early detection as well as working with communities to empower them as provided for in the recommendations given by respondents. An all stakeholders workshop is therefore recommended to ensure that resources are pooled together and disaster risk reduction carried out as a way of protecting people’s health and livelihoods.</text>
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                <text>African Journal of Science and Research,</text>
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                <text>AN ANALYSIS OF ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS RELATED TO AFFECTIVE ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN MASHONALAND CENTRAL PROVINCE OF ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>RITTA KASOWE </text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Performance of secondary school pupils accelerated in a declining manner since 1984 to date.&#13;
Although much has been done to improve conditions of the teacher since the teachers are at the&#13;
helm of students learning, students’ performance has continued to decline. Despite training&#13;
obtained from teachers colleges, what is contributing to their effectiveness has not been well&#13;
researched. Affective organisational commitment of secondary school teachers in Zimbabwe&#13;
still remain an inadequately researched area. Whereas teachers could be motivated by&#13;
employers, the gendered outcomes of their commitment to the organisation especially on their&#13;
affective commitment has not been adequately investigated. The primary purpose of the study&#13;
was to make a critical analysis of variables and factors contributing to affective organisational&#13;
commitment using Stufflebeam (2007)’s Context Input Process and Product decision&#13;
facilitation model of evaluation approach. The approach specified the imbalances in each phase&#13;
of evaluation focusing on, organisational factors, how each factor contributed to affective&#13;
organisational commitment of secondary school teachers. The study used statistical tests of&#13;
multiple regression analysis and step wise regression analysis on quantitative survey data&#13;
obtained from Affective organisational commitment. The quantitative data were gathered using&#13;
two seven point Likert scales ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. A statistical&#13;
program SPSS was used to investigate the relationships among variables in the research model.&#13;
Regardless of the types of dependent or independent variables, linear multiple step wise&#13;
regression analyses were performed in order to find out the significance of the variables. This&#13;
was supplemented by qualitative data gathered and addressing organisational factors. The&#13;
qualitative data were collected using semi structured face to face interviews and focus group&#13;
discussions in order to triangulate the evidence obtained from quantitative data. The qualitative&#13;
data were analysed using NVIVO to come up with themes. Thus this study used a mixed&#13;
methodology approach. The study established that factors such as; occupational status,&#13;
management worker relationship, recognition, variety in the profession, opportunity to use&#13;
ability and subject specialisation, were strong determinants of affective organisational&#13;
commitment related to secondary teachers’ affective organisational commitment and impacting&#13;
negatively on pupils’ and schools’ performance. The study recommended that Educational&#13;
planners must involve teachers in policy decision making at all levels, provide support and staff&#13;
development workshops. Future researchers might wish to expand on studies that indicate a&#13;
connection between factors established and the degree of pupils’ performance.</text>
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                <text>IJRDO-Journal of Educational Research</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2017</text>
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        <name>Factors</name>
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        <name>Organisational commitment</name>
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        <name>Organisational commitment; Factors; Affective organisational commitment</name>
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                <text>AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE&#13;
EXCLUSION OF NON-FORMAL WORKERS FROM&#13;
THE MOZAMBICAN SOCIAL PROTECTION&#13;
SYSTEM&#13;
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                <text>DIONÍSIO CALISTO RECAMA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This thesis was an analysis of the factors influencing the exclusion of the non-formal workers&#13;
from the Mozambique Social Protection System (MSPS). It aimed at finding mechanisms&#13;
through which the MSPS could become more comprehensive and inclusive. The social&#13;
protection system only accommodates employees from the formal sector of the economy, which&#13;
constitutes the minority of the economically active population (EAP) and also of the&#13;
Mozambican people. So, in more than 25 million of Mozambicans, of which more than 15&#13;
million are above 15 years and are EAP, of which more than 87% are out of the formal sector&#13;
and, consequently, excluded from the MSPS. In this context, the research looked out to&#13;
understand why the MSPS excludes the non-formal workers? What are the implications of this&#13;
exclusion of the non-formal workers? How the excluded workers survive in situations of illness,&#13;
invalidity, old age or death? Which mechanisms can be adopted in order to make the MSPS&#13;
more comprehensive and inclusive? To constitute the sample, it was recurred to non-probability&#13;
sampling in its convenience and purpose type, in which had employees of the National Institute&#13;
for Social Security (NISS), Municipality Council of Maputo City (MCMC), non-formal&#13;
professional associations responsible and the non-formal workers, as the research participants.&#13;
To generate data, to the sample elements, the researcher administered a questionnaire and&#13;
interview containing closed and open-ended questions. To analyse and discuss data, it was&#13;
delimited to the use of interpretivism or constructivism approach in qualitative methodology.&#13;
For presentation, analysis and discussion, it was confined to the use of technical charts and&#13;
contends analysis. As guiding theories, the study recurred to the social protection and social&#13;
network theories. Through the use of the qualitative methodology, philosophy, procedures and&#13;
theories above, it was perceived that the MSPS managed by the NISS did not include the non-&#13;
formal workers because it lacked administrative organisation to include and manage them and&#13;
because bureaucratic aspects. The NISS considered all workers that were not working at&#13;
enterprises as the non-formal, without resources to contribute to the social protection system&#13;
and difficult to find them. However, some of them were salaried, clearly locatable, with enough&#13;
financial income to contribute to the system. Moreover, some of them were continuously in&#13;
relationship with some public institutions, namely, Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF),&#13;
Ministry of Industry and Trade (MIT), MCMC and National Institute for Statistics (NIS), which&#13;
licensed and afterwards, collected fees and tax, interacted constantly and collected important&#13;
information from them, and so on. Therefore, this exclusion, besides having no objectively real&#13;
and valid reasons, condemned these non-formal workers to social and economic vulnerability in&#13;
the future when they are at social and economic risk, such as maternity, sickness, invalidity, old&#13;
age and/or death. To minimise the impact of these situations, the excluded workers adopted&#13;
informal systems for social security or constitute professional associations, through which they&#13;
face the maternity, illness, invalidity, old age and death difficulties. That is why the NISS must:&#13;
(1) develop strategic tools for the institutional management, by which should be guided in all its&#13;
actions to cover all workers, the formal or non-formal; for that, the NISS can (2) create&#13;
partnership with the non-formal professional associations and public institutions which interact&#13;
with them, because they know who and where are then, their financial and economic conditions;&#13;
(3) consolidate the use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) to facilitate&#13;
the scanning and electronic storage process of historical information of the (not)submitted&#13;
contributions to reduce the contribution evasion and inactivity of employers and workers; and&#13;
(4) develop a training plan for their employees to identify with the strategic objectives and&#13;
challenges of the institution, just to mention a few proposals. Finally, Also, it is necessary to do&#13;
a feasibility study for (1) reimbursement of the Mozambican state with respect to its&#13;
contribution rate of the non-formal workers and other segments hitherto excluded; (2) create&#13;
fiscal mechanism to provide social pensions non-contributory, i.e., welfare pensions; (3) show&#13;
the possibility to define and regulate an explicit mechanism and purpose of upgrading the&#13;
amount of benefits that can be accrued from engaging non-formal workers into the social&#13;
protection system.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
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                <text>AN ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTIONS AND EXPECTATIONS OF STUDENTS&#13;
TOWARDS THE QUALITY OF SERVICE DELIVERY IN OPEN AND&#13;
DISTANCE LEARNING: A CASE OF THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
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                <text>DANIEL NDUDZO</text>
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                <text>The study sought to analyse the expectations and perceptions of students towards the&#13;
quality of service delivered through Open and Distance Learning (ODL). The study&#13;
focused on learners at the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU). The Zimbabwe Open&#13;
University has, since 2008, been facing several challenges which, if not properly&#13;
addressed, threatened the acceptability of qualifications acquired through Open and&#13;
Distance Learning and consequently the survival of the University. This study sought to&#13;
assess the expectations and perceptions of the students towards the quality of service&#13;
delivered through Open and Distance Learning. This study employed the case study&#13;
research design which falls within the qualitative research methodology. The sample of&#13;
330 students was selected through cluster sampling of the ten Regional Centres of the&#13;
Zimbabwe Open University. The respondents were selected through convenience&#13;
sampling. Data generation was done through a questionnaire survey, focus group&#13;
discussions and observation</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>AN ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO&#13;
HIGH SECONDARY SCHOOL PUPILS DROPOUT RATES&#13;
IN ZIMBABWE. A CASE STUDY OF BULILIMA DISTRICT</text>
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                <text>SIKULILE MOYO</text>
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                <text> DINGINDAWO NCUBE</text>
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                <text>MUSA KHUPE</text>
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                <text>The study sought to assess factors contributing to high secondary school pupils dropouts in Bulilima District in Zimbabwe. Bulilima&#13;
District has for a long time been experiencing high dropout rates amongst secondary school pupils due to a number of factors which&#13;
needed exploration in order solve the problem. The study used a case study design and a qualitative method with individual and group&#13;
interviews (focus group discussions) as data collection techniques. The study participants included teachers, heads of schools and&#13;
members of the community who included both adults and the youths, selected through the purposive convenience sampling technique.&#13;
The study was anchored on the human capital theory which advocates for investing in human capital through education that in turn is&#13;
expected to stimulate socio-economic development of a country. The findings are absentee parents, financial hardships, hunger and&#13;
poverty, home school distance, teenage pregnancies and peer pressure .The study recommends that the government of Zimbabwe&#13;
subsidises examination fees, implements ‘free primary education for all’ in line with the constitution of Zimbabwe. Furthermore the&#13;
government of Zimbabwe in collaboration with key stakeholders builds more secondary schools in Bulilima district. Finally more&#13;
research be done on the problem of secondary school pupils drop out in order to bring more insight on this problem bedeviling&#13;
Bulilima district.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="298">
                <text>Global Journal of Advanced Research</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2016</text>
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                <text>AN ASSESSMENT OF THE BACHELOR OF EARLY CHILDHOOD&#13;
DEVELOPMENT DEGREE PROGRAMME IN ITS INITIAL STAGES&#13;
AT ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
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                <text>ROSEMARY NGARA</text>
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                <text>RICHARD NGWARAI</text>
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                <text>RODGERS NGARA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The Bachelor of Early Childhood Education degree (BEDECD) is a teacher development programme which was&#13;
introduced for study at Zimbabwe Open University in September 2010 in response to the need for more ECD-trained&#13;
teachers. BEDECD is four year programme. It had run for three semesters at the time the study was conducted. The&#13;
study was conducted at Zimbabwe Open University, in Masvingo region to assess opinions of students and lecturers on&#13;
the implementation of the BEDECD curriculum, in the stated period. Generally, students and lecturers were of the&#13;
opinion that modules designed for the programme had been useful and had recent data and the design of the modules&#13;
was of high quality. Pre-Teaching Practice Microteaching was viewed by most participants as helpful but micro-teaching&#13;
was not accorded adequate time. However, participants were generally, unhappy about the delayed provision of some&#13;
modules in each of the semesters. Students felt that tutorials were in most cases fruitful as tutors were thoroughly&#13;
prepared but students reported that tutors did not employ any media that could have driven home ideas and concepts at&#13;
stake. The study recommended timeous provision of curriculum materials and feedback on assignments, among other&#13;
things</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="822">
                <text>Greener Journal of Educational Research</text>
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                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>Curriculum reforms and implementations</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EXCHANGE RATE POLICY IN MOZAMBIQUE&#13;
FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ECONOMY DURING 2000 - 2010&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1960">
                <text>LUIS CIPRIANO HERCULANO QUEPE</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1961">
                <text>This study presents an assessment of the exchange rate policy, for sustainability of the&#13;
economy for Mozambique. The study covers the period (2000-2010). It begins with a&#13;
review of literature on the exchange rate policy and provides an updated background in&#13;
the Mozambican economy</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1962">
                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2014</text>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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                <text>AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF AIRPORT SERVICE QUALITY ON&#13;
THE GROWTH OF TOURISM IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1930">
                <text>SHAMISO PRECIOUS NYAJEKA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Zimbabwe is adorned with tourism growth antecedents such as ample flora and fauna,&#13;
spectacular scenery and cultural heritage sites yet the country continues to have an&#13;
underutilized tourism sector. Following years of steady growth, the sector embarked on a&#13;
downward trend in 1999. The global economic crisis, as well as the negative publicity and&#13;
political unrest following the Land Reform Programme, have been cited as major causes of&#13;
Zimbabwe‟s tourism slump. The signing of the Global Political Agreement in 2009&#13;
restored the country‟s economic and political sanity, setting the tourism sector on a&#13;
recovery path. Zimbabwe‟s tourism however, continues to perform below its potential,&#13;
necessitating the consideration of other factors that could possibly influence the sector‟s&#13;
performance. This study therefore, sought to establish the quality of services at Harare&#13;
International Airport and ascertain its role in tourists‟ decisions to travel to Harare. Basing&#13;
on the SERVQUAL model, questionnaires were developed and fully completed by 410&#13;
passengers and 75 representatives of the various customer service departments at the&#13;
Airport. To this end, the expectations and perceptions of respondents regarding the&#13;
SERVQUAL dimensions of reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy and responsiveness&#13;
were sought. The study revealed that for all five dimensions, actual services delivered&#13;
were below the expectations of passengers. Although services were not of a poor standard,&#13;
there was room for improvement. Airport service quality was however, of significance to&#13;
those travelling for reasons other than visiting friends and relatives. The Gap analysis&#13;
suggests that managers were misguided on the service priorities of passengers. It can&#13;
therefore, be concluded that Zimbabwe is capable of receiving more tourists by improving&#13;
airport service quality. For that reason, Government investment in airports should be&#13;
directed toward areas with the potential of raising service quality levels, thereby&#13;
encouraging the influx of visitors who are sensitive to airport service quality. Investment&#13;
in the human element of service delivery is also recommended to facilitate excellent&#13;
customer service at airports</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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managers and junior staff in five small to medium size independent hotels in Harare. The&#13;
sample of the study comprised fourteen managers and thirty junior staff purposively selected&#13;
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qualitative interviews and were analysed for content using thematic analysis. Issues of data&#13;
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small to medium size independent hotels should address innovation in a more integrated and&#13;
systematic way and should use strategic measures to improve their operations. Further&#13;
studies need to be conducted across a number of industries and the results should be&#13;
compared across different industries and in the same industry over time.</text>
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                <text>AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH SECTOR EMPLOYEES IN ZVIMBA DISTRICT HOSPITAL ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>Emotional intelligence is not a luxury, but a necessity in Zimbabwean public health institutions.The aim of the study was to determine the nexus between emotional intelligence and aperformance of health sector employees in Zvimba District Hospital. The focus was on key&#13;
emotional intelligence parameters on augmenting performance for the health sector. The studywas guided by positivism research philosophy and anchored on Goleman’s Model. A sample of 124 health professionals was selected using Raosoft sample size calculator allowing a 5%margin of error and 95% confidence level. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data.&#13;
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emotional intelligence could inspire and motivate their teams, fostering a positive workenvironment that can lead to improved service delivery. It was revealed that emotionalintelligence enhanced communication between healthcare providers and patients, leading tobetter understanding and health outcomes. This contributed to higher job satisfaction among healthcare workers, reduced turnover rates and ensuring continuity of care. The study&#13;
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a supportive work culture.</text>
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                <text>AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN DERIVATIVES USAGE AND KEY FINANCIAL INDICATORS IN BOTSWANA&#13;
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                <text>The study evaluated derivative usage of 21 firms listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) in relation to&#13;
five key financial indicators that included financial gearing, solvency, liquidity, profitability, and firm size. A&#13;
logit regression model was run on the data covering year 2019 to the year 2021. The logit model revealed at 99%&#13;
level of confidence that, a firm’s derivative usage is significantly and positively related to its financial gearing as&#13;
measured by non-current liabilities to total equity (D/E) ratio. The study also revealed that usage of derivatives&#13;
by firms listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) had no significant relationship with solvency ratio (as&#13;
measured by total liabilities to total assets ratio), firm size (as measured by total assets) and liquidity ratio (as&#13;
measured by cash and cash equivalents to total assets). However, the research observed a significant and&#13;
negative association between derivative usage and profitability ratio (as measured by Profit Before Interest and&#13;
Taxation (PBIT) to Average total assets ratio). It was further noted that listed firms in Botswana are only using&#13;
employee options, collateral based swaps, interest rate swaps, and foreign exchange swaps to hedge risks. Hence&#13;
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include futures derivative contracts which are currently not in use in the market. The establishment of derivative&#13;
market in Botswana will reduce an over-reliance on financial borrowing from the banking sector and government&#13;
agencies by local investors, domestic firms, and multinational firms in Botswana. The use of derivatives also&#13;
reduces the weighted average cost of capital and hence increases firm’s market value</text>
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                <text>AN EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING SERVICES&#13;
OFFERED TO STUDENTS IN GWANDA URBAN AND PERI-URBAN&#13;
SECONDARY SCHOOLS&#13;
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