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                <text>EFFECTS OF NUTRITION ON YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN SHEEP AND GOATS</text>
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                <text>A. NEVER </text>
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                <text>he majority of sheep and goat milk produced in the world is&#13;
transformed into cheese, therefore, feeding is a major factor&#13;
affecting the quality of sheep and goat milk and, hence sheep and&#13;
goat cheese quality. This discussion is an attempt to explore the&#13;
influence of nutrition on milk yield and major milk components in&#13;
sheep and goats. Nutrition is a vital component in an attempt to&#13;
maximise milk synthesis in small ruminants, as a result correct&#13;
feeding management is desirable through appropriate estimation of&#13;
roughage to concentrate intake in order to optimize the utilization of&#13;
feed supplements. It is suffice to suggest that feeding high producing&#13;
dairy animals may be a major constraint in milk production, which&#13;
implies greater attention to diet composition, feed quality, and the&#13;
physical form of feedstuffs is required. The rate and extent to which&#13;
a dairy sheep and goat is capable of drawing upon body reserves to&#13;
meet the energy requirement at different stages of lactation is&#13;
critical in determining her ability to produce and sustain a high level&#13;
of milk production. In order to increase sheep and goat milk&#13;
production, and to ensure high feed efficiency, dairy farmers need to&#13;
pay close attention to nutritional requirement of dairy animals which&#13;
may differ during different stages of lactation.</text>
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                <text>Scientific Journal of Animal Science </text>
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                <text>EVALUATING GENDER PARITY IN WOOD TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMMES AT A TVET INSTITUTION IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>This study explored gender parity in wood technology programmes at a technical and vocational education and training institution in Harare, Zimbabwe, amidst rising female enrolment in higher education. A mixed-methods approach, using a concurrent nested design, was employed to collect both quantitative data from enrolment registers, attendance records and performance lists, and qualitative data through focus groups, interviews and questionnaires with eight lecturers and 30 students. The findings revealed that Gender Parity Index (GPI) for enrolment in wood technology programmes was 0.44. The study also showed that female students slightly outperformed males in theoretical assessments but were outperformed in practical tasks requiring gross motor skills. Females showed higher lesson attendance and better organisational skills but faced higher dropout rates due to gender-based discrimination and challenges in balancing academic and household responsibilities. Suggested strategies to improve gender parity include gender sensitisation workshops, mentorship, flexible schedules and childcare support..</text>
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                <text>EXPLORING THE ZIMBABWEAN TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION JOURNEY: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS&#13;
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                <text>ALBERT MUFANECHIYA</text>
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                <text> BEKITHEMBA DUBE</text>
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                <text>GIFT MASENGWE</text>
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                <text>The study explored the challenges that militate against the successful&#13;
implementation of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in&#13;
Zimbabwe. The study gave an informed focus on biases and perceptions associated&#13;
with the academic curriculum. In addressing these challenges, it becomes possible&#13;
to create an environment where TVET education is valued and considered a viable&#13;
pathway for individuals, and national economic and social development. Using&#13;
critical discourse analysis, the study examined the perceptions of instructors and&#13;
students about TVET education and identified historical factors that continue to&#13;
contribute to the devaluation of TVET. The study findings revealed that the&#13;
historical undervaluing of TVET subjects in comparison with academic subjects&#13;
was borrowed from the colonial bottleneck education system that favoured&#13;
university education over technical skills and persists today. The study underscored&#13;
the need for a paradigm shift to TVET skills if economic development is to be&#13;
realised in Zimbabwe. This study recommends the need to re-evaluate the status of&#13;
TVET education given its contribution to the job market. This study understands the&#13;
historical roots of biases against TVET and provides insights for the reconstruction&#13;
of an effective TVET system in Zimbabwe that contributes toward ongoing&#13;
discourses on the importance of technical skills for national development. The study&#13;
recommends the need to reshape public perceptions around TVET which requires a&#13;
concerted effort and long-term commitment to changing societal attitudes toward&#13;
technical-vocational education.</text>
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                <text>E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (EHASS)</text>
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        <name>echnical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)</name>
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                <text>IMPACT OF PLURALISTIC AND DEMAND DRIVEN EXTENSION ON CROP PRODUCTION. A CASE STUDY OF GOKWE SOUTH WARD 23, ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>ALEC MUZENDA</text>
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                <text> FLORENCE CHIMBWANDA</text>
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                <text>ANDREW. TAPIWA  KUGEDERA</text>
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                <text>Download full-text PDF&#13;
Read full-text&#13;
Download citation&#13;
References (13)&#13;
Figures (2)&#13;
Abstract and Figures&#13;
Agriculture forms the backbone of economies of most developing countries and Zimbabwe is not an exception. Majority of Zimbabwe's population like in most African countries dwells in the rural area and have farming as their major source of livelihood. Successful farming in such areas is only possible if there are supporting infrastructure and services in place, for example access to extension, credit and good roads. This study is more concerned about the agricultural extensions services that are being offered in the rural areas of Zimbabwe. The government together with other private institutions recently introduced demand driven and pluralistic extension in some rural areas and this study seeks to determine its impact on crop production. It made a back and forth pluralistic extension implementation comparison of yields, area planted and crop income in ward 23 of Gokwe south. The data used was secondary data obtained from the AREX data base. Data was analysed in SPSS and Excel. The main crops grown in Gokwe south are mug beans, sesame, maize and groundnuts. The output, area planted, and income increased since the introduction of pluralistic extension. The results show that there is a significant difference in quantity and income of mug beans (P&lt;0.05). Sesame output and income difference was also significant (P&lt;0.05). The difference in output, income and cropped area was also significant for maize and groundnuts(P&lt;0.05). It was recommended that the government should encourage pluralistic extension in communal areas in other parts of the country in order to improve agricultural production.</text>
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                <text>Amity Journal of Agribusiness</text>
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                <text>2018</text>
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        <name>Agricultural Extension</name>
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        <name>Communal Farmers</name>
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        <name>Crop Production</name>
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        <name>Demand Driven Extension</name>
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        <name>Pluralistic Extension</name>
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                <text>SUPPORT STRUCTURES FOR SMALL TO MEDIUM&#13;
ENTERPRISES AND THEIR POTENCY&#13;
IN EMPLOYMENT CREATION IN&#13;
GREATER MAPUTO&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Small and Medium Enterprises are globally credited for creating employment especially for&#13;
the youth, and to an extent, contributing to the gross domestic product of nations.&#13;
Unemployment is a scourge in Mozambique and small and medium enterprises are seen as a&#13;
solution to this universal economic problem. The study sought to answer a fundamental&#13;
research question; first, whether or not the support structures from financial institutions,&#13;
government agencies, large firms and non-governmental organizations are sufficient for&#13;
sustainable development and growth of small and medium enterprises, and second, whether&#13;
small and medium enterprises that have received support, contribute to reducing&#13;
unemployment in Greater Maputo. The study adopted the quantitative approach employing&#13;
questionnaires as tools for data collection. The sample was chosen from the population of&#13;
small and medium enterprises in Maputo using stratified random sampling method. A total&#13;
of 550 respondents were selected from the seven administrative districts of Greater Maputo&#13;
and the interviews were conducted using the face to face method employing structured,&#13;
close ended questionnaires. The study found that support afforded to small and medium&#13;
enterprises was too little for the sustainable development of this important sector of the&#13;
economy. The major Achilles‘ heel among small and medium enterprises development was&#13;
not the lack of entrepreneurial drive, rather subdued competitiveness. The study&#13;
recommended that proactive steps be implemented to support small and medium enterprises&#13;
in Greater Maputo, especially manufacturing enterprises. Financial institutions, government&#13;
agencies, large firms and non-governmental organizations should take positive action to&#13;
supports especially start-up firms as they are the source of employment creation</text>
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                <text>THE NATURE AND PREVALENCE OF BULLYING IN PRIMARY&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>AUGUSTINE ZANO MURANDA&#13;
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                <text>,THEMBINKOSI TSHABALALA&#13;
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                <text>The aim of the present study was to investigate the nature and prevalence of bullying among&#13;
primary school pupils in Nkayi South Circuit in Matabeleland North Province in Western Zimbabwe.&#13;
The population comprised of all the 300 teachers in Nkayi South Circuit. Random sampling was&#13;
used to arrive at a sample of 30 teachers from ten schools. The study adopted the descriptive&#13;
survey design and the questionnaire was used for collecting data. The main findings of the study&#13;
revealed that the most common forms of bullying were physical (that is, fighting, punching, hitting),&#13;
verbal (that is, threatening, swearing, teasing) social (that is, deliberately leaving out of a game or&#13;
group, ignoring). The study also revealed that boys were the main contributors of bullying. The&#13;
findings also revealed that the bullying behaviours were influenced by home based factors, peers and school based factors. The study recommends that schools should encourage teachers to&#13;
engage all children in productive work all the time and also liaise with parents on best ways of&#13;
guiding the behaviour of pupils who exhibit characteristics of bullies</text>
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                <text>British Journal of Education, Society &amp;&#13;
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                <text>THE EFFECTS OF CLASS SIZE ON THE DELIVERY OF QUALITY MATHEMATICS&#13;
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                <text>The Education For All (EFA) agenda at independence in Zimbabwe led to a massive expansion of education in order&#13;
to avail educational opportunities to marginalized black children. This has not been coupled with the adequate&#13;
provision of teaching and learning resources, consequently this has led to overcrowded classrooms. The purpose of&#13;
this study is to examine the effects of overcrowded classrooms on mathematics learning and how these challenges&#13;
can be overcome. Interviews observation, and analysis of learner exercise books and examination results were used&#13;
in the qualitative approach. The study revealed that, secondary schools are overcrowded to levels where teachers&#13;
are failing to provide quality in teaching and learning of mathematics. It was also found that this problem is&#13;
exacerbated by lack of resources such as mathematics teachers, textbooks, classrooms and furniture among others.&#13;
For policy and decision-making processes, the study recommends the government gather relevant and reliable data&#13;
about the learning conditions in secondary schools. There is also need for effective collaboration among all the&#13;
relevant stake holders who have the responsibility to provide resources to schools. It is further recommended that&#13;
digital and e-learning technologies should be incorporated as alternative ways to manage large classes</text>
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                <text>CHALLENGES FACED BY LEARNERS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN MATHEMATICS: PROPOSAL FOR A ‘BLIND MATHEMATICS’ CURRICULUM</text>
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                <text>This study examines the typical challenges that learners with visual impairment encounter as they engage in the&#13;
various activities in mathematics learning in secondary schools. The study adopts a constructivist epistemology,&#13;
using a multiple-case study design to generate rich descriptions of the interface, experiences, opinions, internal&#13;
states, feelings and emotions of learners with visual impairment in mathematics. A convenience sample of 11&#13;
learners with visual impairment, 11 parents and 3 school managers was chosen for this study. Data collection&#13;
methods included in-depth interviews, participant observation and non-participant observation. The study found&#13;
that the challenges which learners with visual impairment faced were deeply rooted in the definitions of disability,&#13;
that focused either on the medical or social perspectives as defined in extant literature. The study recommended&#13;
the need to perceive visual impairment and other disabilities as aspects of human diversity and not as deficits, the&#13;
need to recognise the existence of two groups of learners (with disabilities and without disabilities), who require&#13;
different learning approaches and methodologies, the need to provide adequate teaching and learning resources&#13;
and the need to equip the teaching personnel with adequate skills and competencies. In an attempt at overcoming&#13;
negative stereotypes and improving performance in mathematics for learners with visual impairment in secondary&#13;
schools, the study proposes ‘Blind Mathematics’ as an appropriate Mathematics Curriculum for such learners</text>
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                <text>Humanities Southern Africa </text>
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                <text>EFFECTS OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON UNIVERSITY LECTURERS’&#13;
WORK-LIFE BALANCE&#13;
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                <text>Communication technology is advancing on a daily basis bringing efficiency and flexibility in&#13;
the workplace. However, literature on its effect on work life balance among lecturers is blurred.&#13;
Overuse of mobile communication devices for work-related tasks outside designated hours can&#13;
disrupt the equilibrium between professional and personal lives. This study investigates the&#13;
effects of mobile communication technology on work-life balance among university lecturers&#13;
in Zimbabwe. Employing a qualitative research paradigm and an interpretive philosophy, the&#13;
study facilitates an in-depth exploration of lecturers’ perceptions regarding the effects of&#13;
mobile communication on their work-life balance. A hybrid methodology combining case&#13;
study and phenomenological designs was utilised, involving 21 lecturers selected from various&#13;
departments across the selected state university through criterion purposive sampling. The&#13;
findings revealled significant insights into this pressing issue. It was revealed that the effects&#13;
of mobile communication technology on the work-life balance of lecturers are multifaceted,&#13;
with both positive and negative effects found depending on how its use is regulated. When&#13;
utilised randomly without guiding institutional policies and practices, it is more likely to impact&#13;
negatively on the work-life balance of lecturers. This study recommended a careful and&#13;
judicious use of mobile communication technologies within faculties and departments to&#13;
facilitate work while preserving work-life equilibrium. The establishment of a policy&#13;
framework and communication of such a policy, which guide mobile communication in the&#13;
workplace, was recommended</text>
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                <text>A PROPOSED ECONOMIC MODEL ON THE NEXUS BETWEEN SOCIAL CAPITAL AND&#13;
WOMEN ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>AMOS TENDAI MUNZARA</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2422">
                <text> TAVONGA NJAYA</text>
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                <text>LIGHTON DUBE&#13;
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                <text> ZVINAIYE CHIMBADZWA</text>
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                <text> REGIS MISHEAL MUSHOWE</text>
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                <text>TARIRO GRACE MBARA-MSWAZI</text>
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                <text>TOWARDS A WELCOMING SOCIETY: AN EXAMINATION OF&#13;
STEPHEN ALUMENDA’STHE GIRL WHO COULDN’T DANCE&#13;
AND ANANI THE ALBINO BOY&#13;
&#13;
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Children’s literature is a useful resource for transforming society for the better. In this study, I pay&#13;
attention to Stephen Alumenda’s ideological commitment to disadvantaged children. I undertake&#13;
a literary analysis of his works that focus on marginalised children in order to establish how&#13;
he puts forward a proposal for a new society. The study examines how Alumenda’s children’s&#13;
stories address disability and albinism. It critiques Alumenda’s approach, while appreciating his&#13;
commitment to marginalised individuals and groups.The study highlights his sensitivity towards&#13;
children living with disability and albinism. However, it questions his tendency of granting happy&#13;
endings to his children’s stories. Overall, the study appreciates Alumenda’s willingness and cour-&#13;
age to address neglected individuals and themes</text>
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                <text>WOMEN RE-DEFINING&#13;
THEMSELVES IN THE CONTEXT OF HIV AND AIDS: INSIGHTS FROM TENDAYI WESTERHOF’S UNLUCKY IN LOVE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>8&#13;
Women Re-deﬁning&#13;
Themselves in the Context&#13;
of HIV and AIDS: Insights&#13;
from Tendayi Westerhof’s&#13;
Unlucky in Love&#13;
Anna Chitando&#13;
Introduction&#13;
In a literary landscape that has been dominated by male voices,&#13;
Westerhof’s auto/biographical text subverts several assumptions,&#13;
principally the unstated underprivileging of female agency. She fur-&#13;
ther performs a sacrilegious desecration through a triumphalist nar-&#13;
rative of a taboo subject: HIV and AIDS and openly celebrating her&#13;
personhood, even though mired in divorce and disease. This chapter&#13;
focuses on Westerhof’s Unlucky in Love (2005), a novel about a woman&#13;
who marries and divorces. Rumbidzai (Rumbi for short) is a mother of&#13;
four. She is HIV positive and strives to make her life meaningful in an&#13;
environment that is characterised by oppressive masculinities. This&#13;
chapter attempts to resolve what has been left hanging by Tagwira&#13;
with regards women’s vulnerability to HIV and AIDS, their survival&#13;
strategies, as well as their attempt to reconstruct positive identi-&#13;
ties. Theoretically, this chapter is informed by the critical works of&#13;
African womanists and feminists such as Grace, Saadawi, Gaidzanwa&#13;
and Moyana. Saadawi (2007) insists that women must refuse to suc-&#13;
cumb to patriarchal dictates. In a recent chapter on Saadawi, Zucker (2010) has brought out Saadawi’s determination to empower women.&#13;
Firdaus, a key personality in Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero, murders&#13;
a man and recovers control of her destiny. Zucker comments on the&#13;
novel:&#13;
In Woman at Point Zero, El Saadawi shows us what a human&#13;
being will do in spite of cultural sufferings to feel some degree&#13;
of personal power and freedom. She has woven a multi-generic&#13;
tale of a woman whose life embodies an inter-gendered outlook;&#13;
Firdausi has suffered as women do in her culture and has grad-&#13;
ually assumed aspects of masculine power generally off-limits to&#13;
Egyptian women. Indeed, her coming to power results from her&#13;
re-authoring her life against the gendered constraints of her soci-&#13;
ety. Firdaus earns her own money and decides how to publicly&#13;
spend it. She selects the job that avails her of a better lifestyle and&#13;
chooses with whom she will or will not have sex. And finally, she&#13;
acts out her rage at the appropriate target.&#13;
(Zucker 2010:248–249)&#13;
This powerful passage demonstrates that, when cornered, women are&#13;
willing to “murder” patriarchy in order to re-define themselves and&#13;
recover their agency. Gaidzanwa (1985:14) questions male author-&#13;
ity that only feels that “motherhood is respectable and held in high&#13;
esteem as long as it goes with or is preceded by socially approved&#13;
wifehood”. How men prescribe inferior roles that women have to&#13;
play in society is also underscored by Moyana (2006), whose anal-&#13;
ysis of the portrayal of women in some of Mungoshi’s short stories&#13;
shows that women are supposed to be underlings in society. Moyana&#13;
goes on to show that, against this phallocentric logic, some female&#13;
characters are determined to defy patriarchy and that it is these&#13;
assertive women who create the basis from which it is conceivable&#13;
to imagine that women can challenge the multiple sources of their&#13;
oppressions. Ngoshi and Pasi (2007) add that the agency of people&#13;
affected by HIV and AIDS must be framed as subjects, not objects.&#13;
These perspectives on women struggling to realise their freedoms&#13;
in a context of HIV and AIDS and the male-induced stigma are&#13;
used in this chapter to unravel how black women fight for their&#13;
voices and to be heard in predominantly patriarchal and capitalist&#13;
society</text>
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                <text>REPRESENTING, CONSERVING AND CELEBRATING NATURE: AN ANALYSIS OF&#13;
CHIFUNYISE’S TAKURA AND THE TALKING BRANCH: A COLLECTION OF TRADITIONAL&#13;
STORIES ON THE ENVIRONMENT&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>n Zimbabwe, children’s literature is an evolving, yet very crucial discipline that deals with topical issues such as lan-&#13;
guage, identity, culture, environmentalism and sustainable development. Located within the discourse on Zimbabwean&#13;
literature, this study argues that Zimbabwean children’s literature has not received adequate scholarly reflections, yet it&#13;
deals with critical issues, just like adult literature. The study appreciates positive developments in Zimbabwean chil-&#13;
dren’s literature by paying particular attention to Stephen Chifunyise’s Takura and the Talking Branch: A Collection of&#13;
Traditional Stories on the Environment (1995). Informed by Glotfelty and Fromm’s theory of eco-criticism (1996), the&#13;
study argues that children’s literature promotes environmental consciousness. The research critiques Chifunyise’s de-&#13;
piction of the themes of environmentalism and sustainable development in Takura and the Talking Branch: A Collection&#13;
of Traditional Stories on the Environment</text>
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        <name>Environmental Conservation</name>
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        <name>Environmentalism</name>
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        <name>Land Degradation</name>
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                <text>THE IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION&#13;
TECHNOLOGIES (ICTS) IN ZIMBABWE: A CASE STUDY OF SOCIAL MEDIA&#13;
IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY SECTOR.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>ANOS MACHINJIKE &#13;
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                <text>The Postal and Telecommunications Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ) statistics point to&#13;
the rise in the use of social media in Zimbabwe. The United Nations World Tourism&#13;
Organisation(UNWTO) also allude to the important role played by the tourism industry in the&#13;
economic development and growth around the world. This study sought to find a nexus&#13;
between the exponential rise in usage of social media and its impact on the tourism and&#13;
hospitality in Zimbabwe which ultimately could contribute to the economic growth of the&#13;
country. The research set out to focus on establishing from tourists, the influence of social&#13;
media in the choice of tourist destinations as well as to determine the role of social media as a&#13;
marketing tool from players in the tourism and hospitality sector. Other objectives were to&#13;
identify popular social media platforms as well as the benefits and challenges arising out of&#13;
the use of social media in the industry. The qualitative research methodology was used for the&#13;
study where face to face and telephonic interviews as well as in-depth emailed questionnaires&#13;
were used to as data collection instruments using a purposive sampling method. The findings&#13;
of the study show that social media plays a significant role in influencing people’s decisions&#13;
on choice of tourist destinations and is also an important, cost effective, efficient and&#13;
convenient marketing tool. Popularity of social media is also driven by its affordability and&#13;
interactive nature. Findings also point out some challenges arising out of use of social media.&#13;
The study concluded that social media plays a significant role in the tourism and hospitality&#13;
sector. The study therefore recommended the adoption of social media for the purposes of&#13;
creating positive perceptions on destinations to improve the pull power of destinations. The&#13;
study also recommended the need to uplift the profile of social media in organisations&#13;
through employment of appropriate staff to advance digital marketing on social media&#13;
platforms. Another recommendation was to call for the enactment of policies to penalise&#13;
detractors and culprits who peddle falsehoods and fake news on social media for ulterior&#13;
motives</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Research in Management</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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        <name>social media</name>
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                <text>SUPPORT FOR VOLUNTARY MEDICAL MALE CIRCUMCISION (VMMC) FOR HIV PREVENTION AMONG MEN AND WOMEN IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
</text>
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                <text>ANTONY CHIKUTSA&#13;
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                <text>PRANITHA MAHARAJB</text>
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                <text>Background: Medical male circumcision was introduced in Zimbabwe in 2009 as an additional HIV&#13;
prevention method. This study sought to investigate support for the roll-out of voluntary medical male&#13;
circumcision (VMMC) and men’s willingness to get circumcised for HIV prevention.&#13;
Data and Methods: Data for this study was collected from a randomly selected sample of 681 men and&#13;
women in the age group 18-49 years in Harare, Zimbabwe. The obtained data was analysed using descriptive&#13;
statistics, bivariate and regression analysis.&#13;
Results and Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that knowledge and acceptability of VMMC is&#13;
high. However, despite the relatively high knowledge and acceptability of VMMC, less than half of the male&#13;
participants were willing to undergo circumcision for HIV prevention. The study concluded that there is an&#13;
apparent gap between knowledge and acceptability of VMMC and men’s willingness to undergo circumcision&#13;
for HIV prevention.</text>
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                <text>African Population Studies</text>
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                <text>ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WANTING CIRCUMCISION AND&#13;
RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN ZIMBABWE: EVIDENCE&#13;
FROM THE 2010–11 ZIMBABWE DEMOGRAPHIC AND&#13;
HEALTH SURVEY&#13;
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                <text>ANTONY CHIKUTSA &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>ALFRED C NCUBE&#13;
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                <text>SHEPHARD MUTSAU</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Zimbabwe adopted voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) as an additional HIV prevention&#13;
strategy in 2009. A number of studies have been conducted to understand the determinants of VMMC uptake but&#13;
few studies have examined the characteristics of men who are willing to get circumcised or the link between&#13;
wanting circumcision and risky sexual behaviour. This study investigated the relationship between wanting male&#13;
circumcision and engaging in risky sex behaviours. This was based on the assumption that those who are willing to&#13;
undergo circumcision are already engaging in risky sexual behaviours</text>
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                <text>Reproductive Health </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2015</text>
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        <name>HIV prevention</name>
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                <text>SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF MALE CIRCUMCISION AS&#13;
PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST HIV/AIDS IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>ANTONY CHIKUTSA &#13;
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                <text>PRANITHA MAHARAJ </text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The World Health Organisation recommended the scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision&#13;
(VMMC) as an additional HIV prevention method in 2007 and several countries with high HIV prevalence rates&#13;
including Zimbabwe have since adopted the procedure. Since then researchers have been preoccupied with&#13;
establishing the level of knowledge and acceptability of circumcision in communities that did not traditionally&#13;
circumcise. Despite evidence to suggest that knowledge and acceptability of voluntary medical male circumcision is&#13;
high, there is also emerging evidence that suggest that uptake of circumcision among men has been below&#13;
expectations. The purpose of this study was thus to investigate people’s representations of male circumcision&#13;
that may influence its uptake.</text>
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                <text> BMC Public Health</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2015</text>
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        <name>HIV prevention</name>
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        <name>Male circumcision</name>
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        <name>Social representations</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="51">
                  <text>Department of Geography and Environment Studies</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>SCHISTOSOMIASIS AN ISSUE IN FLOOD PRONE AREA OF&#13;
DAMBAKURIMAWARD 1, MUZARABANI DISTRICT OF&#13;
ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>ANYWAY KATANHA &#13;
</text>
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                <text>VINCENT MASOCHA&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The study focused on community, perception of schistosomiasis during floods. Random sampling was used to select the&#13;
respondents. A Sample of 100 household was chosen to respond to questionnaires and a focus group interview of the community&#13;
members was done. The study embraced the entire Dambakurima Ward 1 and its nearest health Centre. Questionnaires, field&#13;
observation and interview were used, as data collection instruments. The study established that schistosomasis is the most prevalent&#13;
diseases during floods and other factors like religious beliefs contributed to the spread and effects of the diseases in Dambakurima&#13;
Ward, as people have high frequent contact with polluted water bodies that harbor the parasites. The study also established that the&#13;
community were aware of the high prevalence of schistosomiasis problems in the area, but lacked the knowledge on how to control it.&#13;
Hence in their ignorance, present themselves again to multiple infections after successful treatment.Focus group discussions revealed&#13;
that 80% of the respondents linked the high prevalent of schistosomiasis to climate change and there was evidence of uncoordinated&#13;
approach among the various stakeholders, who try to help these community to reduce parasitism density among the population. Though&#13;
there is a nearby clinic, access to information and education has been a challenge because of religious reasons. The study recommends&#13;
total involvement of all stakeholders in the control of the disease. Mass screening of the group should be done followed by treatment.&#13;
Well structured awareness campaigns should be done before the onset of rain season. The study recommends environmental education&#13;
which focus on climate change, disease control and understanding of indigenous knowledge discourse like the use of phytolacca&#13;
dodecandra which is a plant that grows naturally</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1216">
                <text>International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1217">
                <text>2014</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2009">
                <text>A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL FOR CEREAL&#13;
PRODUCTION IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2010">
                <text>ARMINDO TAMBO</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2011">
                <text>The study addressed the challenges of low cereal production in the Central Region of&#13;
Mozambique. There is a persistent low level cereal production as evidenced by acute hunger&#13;
prevailing in the region, despite the condusive environment, example favourable climatic&#13;
conditions and good fertile soil for cereal production in this region.&#13;
The study sought to close the knowledge gap left by the scarcity of research in this area. More&#13;
specifically, this study investigated the main causative factors for the low production of cereals&#13;
in this part of the country. The study utilized the qualitative research paradigm, and multiple&#13;
technical methods were used in the investigation including interviews, field observation,&#13;
document review, questionnaires and group discussion as the main method of data collection.&#13;
Data were analysed and categorized for common themes and patterns. The central theme of the&#13;
analysis highlights the overall cereal production of the central region of Mozambique in relation&#13;
to the other regions. The findings revealed that cereal production in the central region of&#13;
Mozambique is very low due to a number of different interrelated number of factors, among&#13;
others lack of new or modern farming techniques such as irrigation, use of high yielding varieties&#13;
of seeds and utilization of mechanical power for cultivation of cereals on a large scale.&#13;
The concluding discussion addresses the implications for improving training approaches to&#13;
farmers, to help them develop valid and coherent personal-practical theories that match with&#13;
production reality. It also concludes that grain production in the central region of Mozambique is&#13;
low due to lack of new technologies, lack of quality seed, lack of funding for this sector by&#13;
government and gross under utilization of natural resources as most of the work is done&#13;
manually hence low grain production.&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2012">
                <text>ZOU</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2013">
                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>Central Region</name>
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        <name>Cereal production</name>
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        <name>Mozambique</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>INDIGENOUS GOATS AND SHEEP BREEDS AND THEIR CROSSES IN THE TROPICS AND&#13;
SUBTROPICS: GROWTH TRAITS, CARCASS PARAMETERS AND MEAT QUALITY PROPERTIES&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="448">
                <text>ASSAN NEVER </text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>The tropics and subtropics is a habitat to diverse populations of&#13;
indigenous goats and sheep breeds known for their adaptability to the&#13;
existing harsh agro-ecological conditions and the majority are reared&#13;
under traditional systems of management. Apart from their inherent&#13;
ability to cope with a range of climatic conditions including disease&#13;
challenges and inadequate feed resources whilst being exposed to&#13;
mostly unsound management practices, indigenous goats and sheep are&#13;
an integral part of the smallholder resource poor rural economies.&#13;
Therefore, there is an obligation and considerable potential for&#13;
increased meat production from the already existing diversity of&#13;
indigenous goats and sheep animal genetic resources in the tropics and&#13;
subtropics. However, indigenous goat and sheep performance in most&#13;
cases is less than ideal due to a number of constraints namely&#13;
inadequate nutrition and disease prevalence, poor support institutional&#13;
involvement and lack of adequate government policies and funding to&#13;
develop this industry. It has been noted that apart from their low&#13;
genetic potential, indigenous goats and sheep’s exposure to suboptimal&#13;
nutrition has been identified as the major factor that contribute to their&#13;
low meat production. This is despite that the principal advantage of&#13;
utilising indigenous goats and sheep in the tropics and subtropics is&#13;
rightfully based on their small size and ability to utilise less productive&#13;
areas that exist in existing total farming areas. Their ability to adapt to&#13;
suboptimal production conditions characterised by persistent substandard nutritional feed resources makes indigenous goats and&#13;
sheep perfect candidates for meat production in the tropics and&#13;
subtropics. The potentiality of indigenous goats and sheep in the tropics&#13;
and subtropics has been downgraded because they have not been&#13;
selected for high meat performance. In this case efforts are at different&#13;
stages of genetic characterisation of various indigenous goats and sheep&#13;
breeds in order to ascertain their meat production potential. At the&#13;
same time, crossing of genetically improved exotic goats and sheep&#13;
breeds with indigenous flocks, has been noted as a feasible option to&#13;
enhance meat productivity in the tropics and subtropics. Recent trends&#13;
in indigenous goats and sheep utilization in order to match demand for&#13;
meat and improve productivity in resource poor farming areas in the&#13;
tropics and subtropics, local farmers have been incentivised to rear&#13;
improved genotypes, which are predominantly crossbreds between&#13;
superior meat exotic breeds and the indigenous goats and sheep breeds.&#13;
Productivity with regards to indigenous goats and sheep can be specified&#13;
as the magnitude of production or efficiency of production. This is based&#13;
on the fact that in any indigenous goats and sheep production&#13;
environment, productivity per se will exceptionally depend on an&#13;
intricate correlations of biotic, abiotic and socio-economic variables. The&#13;
factors are interdependent and therefore should be considered&#13;
comprehensively to establish their ranking and how adjustments in&#13;
constituents influence the whole indigenous goats and sheep production&#13;
systems. A number of studies have been carried out to assess the&#13;
growth potential, carcass and meat quality properties of several&#13;
indigenous goats and sheep and their crosses in various agro-ecological&#13;
regions within the tropics and subtropics. The results have been&#13;
inconsistent due to various reasons which might probably include non-&#13;
identical production conditions and the genetics of various small&#13;
ruminants’ ecotype breeding groups. The present review gives an insight&#13;
on some documented growth performance and carcass and meat quality&#13;
properties of indigenous goats and sheep in the tropics and subtropics.</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="450">
                <text>Scientific Journal of Animal Science</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="451">
                <text>2020</text>
              </elementText>
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        <name>Carcass</name>
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      <tag tagId="110">
        <name>Goat</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="175">
        <name>Growth traits</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="174">
        <name>Indigenous</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="176">
        <name>Meat parameters</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="111">
        <name>Sheep</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="177">
        <name>Tropics. Subtropics</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                <text>INFLUENCE OF NON-GENETIC FACTORS WEIGHT AND CARCASS TRAITS IN&#13;
INDIGENOUS MATEBELE GOAT&#13;
</text>
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                <text>ASSAN, N</text>
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                <text>The objective of the present study was to establish the non-genetic factors which affect slaughter weight&#13;
and carcass traits. A mixed classification model containing the effects of year of slaughter, age at slaughter,&#13;
month of slaughter and sex was used for identification of non-genetic factors. The slaughter weight and carcass&#13;
traits data were analyzed using the General Linear Models (GLM) procedure of the Statistical Analysis System&#13;
(SAS) (1996) to establish the significance of the non-genetic factors. The effects of year of slaughter had a&#13;
significant influence on slaughter weight and all carcass traits analyzed in the present study. The year of&#13;
slaughter also influenced the size of the prime cuts such as hind barrel and front barrel within the 1992 to 1999&#13;
period of study. The dressing percentage averaged 58.40 ± 2.76 kg which was slightly constant within different&#13;
year of slaughter. Age at slaughter had a significant (p&lt;0.01) difference on slaughter weight and most carcass&#13;
traits with the exception of edible meat offals as a percentage of hot carcass mass. Sex significantly affects&#13;
slaughter weight and most carcass traits except for edible meat offal as a percentage of hot carcass mass and&#13;
empty gastro-intestinal tracts. There was variation in performance of slaughter weight and carcass traits due to&#13;
year of slaughter, month of slaughter, age of slaughter and sex.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Global Researchers Journal </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2012</text>
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        <name>carcass traits</name>
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        <name>indigenous Matebele Goat</name>
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        <name>Non-genetic factors</name>
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        <name>slaughter weight</name>
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                <text>SIGNIFICANCE OF LITTER SIZE, DURATION OF DRY PERIOD AND STAGE OF PREGNACY ON&#13;
MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION IN DAIRY ANIMALS&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>ASSAN, N</text>
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                <text>Scientific Journal of Review</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>The factors influencing the amount and composition of&#13;
produced milk can be divided into two groups, namely internal&#13;
and external factors. This is very important to remember when&#13;
evaluating the milk quality and in the improvement of milk yield&#13;
and composition in a dairy enterprise. Of the external factors it&#13;
is possible to mention a few, litter size, duration of dry period&#13;
and stage of pregnancy. The present discussion explores the&#13;
significance of litter size, duration of dry period and pregnancy&#13;
on milk yield and composition in dairy production. In goats and&#13;
sheep dams bearing twins or triplets had higher milk yield than&#13;
single bearing dams, and this significant increase in milk&#13;
production in these dams that carried twins and triplets was&#13;
followed by an increase in lactation length. Due to the amount&#13;
of milk animal produce, the drying-off process is often more&#13;
complicated for dairy animals (cattle, goats and some sheep).&#13;
However, this period is essential to enables dams to regain the&#13;
body condition needed to support the subsequent pregnancy&#13;
and lactation. The majority of dairy animals dry off&#13;
spontaneously because of the aforementioned natural decrease&#13;
in daily milk production. The length of dry period influences&#13;
milk production in the subsquent lactation, with shortening of&#13;
the dry period showing a markedly negative effect on milk&#13;
performance of dams. Lactating animals should have an opportunity to rest and regenerate mammary tissue between&#13;
lactations. For optimal dairy animal performance in the next&#13;
lactation, lactating animals should have an opportunity to rest&#13;
and regenerate mammary tissue between lactations. The&#13;
amount of produced milk and its composition are influenced by&#13;
the stage of pregnancy, in the first half of pregnancy it is not&#13;
possible to observe any pronounced changes while in the&#13;
second stage of pregnancy can observe a gradual decrease in&#13;
milk production as well as an imcrease in levels of individual&#13;
milk components. During pregnancy and the first few days&#13;
postpartum, milk supply is hormonally driven – this is called the&#13;
endocrine control system. This implies that in the course of&#13;
lactation, changes in milk production are caused by changes in&#13;
activities of the endocrine system that are caused by hormones&#13;
sectreted by pitiutary gland (hypophysis cerebi) and placenta.&#13;
During the latter part of pregnancy, the mammary gland is&#13;
making colostrum, but high levels of progesterone inhibit milk&#13;
secretion resulting reduced milk yield. Progesterone influences&#13;
the growth in size of alveoli and lobes; high levels of&#13;
progesterone inhibit lactation before birth. Progesterone levels&#13;
drop after birth; this triggers the onset of copious milk&#13;
production. Estrogen stimulates the milk duct system to grow&#13;
and differentiate. Like progesterone, high levels of estrogen&#13;
also inhibit lactation, while the hormone prolactin must be&#13;
present for milk synthesis to occur.</text>
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        <name>dry period pregnancy</name>
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        <name>Goat</name>
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        <name>litter size</name>
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        <name>milk production</name>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1654">
                <text>UNHU/UBUNTU AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CIVICS&#13;
AND CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>B.C. MUROPA &#13;
</text>
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                <text>L.P. KUSURE &#13;
 </text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>D. MAKWERERE  </text>
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                <text>R. KASOWE</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This paper reports on the interviews and focus group discussions held with seventy two University student&#13;
teachers and three high school administrators to examine the concept and practice of Unhu or Ubuntu within the&#13;
Zimbabwean context and its perceived linkage with Civics and Citizenship education taught in high schools and&#13;
state universities. The paper draws its conceptual framework from an analysis of what various authorities have&#13;
written on the concept Unhu/Ubuntu. The results of the research indicate that people in Zimbabwe accept and&#13;
acknowledge Unhu/Ubuntu as a powerful force guiding people in their day to day interaction with one another.&#13;
This is shown through such acceptable ways of talking, attending to daily chores, and acceptable behaviour right&#13;
down to the way of dressing. Unhu/Ubuntu and human decency cannot be separated. There was a common&#13;
agreement on what the concept portrays and implies both within and outside the school. The respondents tended&#13;
to have a common stand on what Unhu/Ubuntu is all about within the Zimbabwean context. The issues of&#13;
gender bias and lack of maturity were raised by some female respondents in the focus groups. They argued that&#13;
some men complain of women’s lack of decency when it suits them and yet derive pleasure when in their&#13;
company. The necessity of linking Unhu/Ubuntu with Civics and Citizenship Education was emphasised by all&#13;
respondents. Challenges on the teaching of Unhu/Ubuntu and Civics and Citizenship Education were identified.&#13;
The significance of this research lies in its potential to provoke debate and dialogue at all levels of society on the&#13;
concept and practice of unhu/ubuntu.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1661">
                <text>ournal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS) </text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1662">
                <text>2013</text>
              </elementText>
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        <name>citizenship education</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="789">
        <name>unhu/Ubuntu</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwean context</name>
      </tag>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                <text>THE ATTITUDES OF EMPLOYERS AND CO-WORKERS TOWARDS THE EMPLOYMENT OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>BARBRA MAPURANGA</text>
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                <text>PHILLIPA MUTSWANGA</text>
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                <text>This study was a systemic enquiry into attitudes of employers and co-workers towards employees with disabilities in the community of Chitungwiza in Zimbabwe. A qualitative case study method was used to carry out this study. The purposive sampling method was used to select thirty (30) participants into the study. A sample of ten (10) employers, ten (10) co-workers and ten (10) employees with disabilities were chosen as the subjects. The interview and observation were used to generate data. Among other findings, the major findings in this study were that employees with disabilities were discriminated in the workplace. Co-workers perceived PWDs as generally incompetent as they would need the assistance of fellow workers to accomplish tasks while employers were of the view that some of these PWDS scare away customers while some are dependent on fellow workers for the accomplishment of tasks. The same employers perceived most PWDS as lacking knowledge and having poor qualifications rendering them unemployable. Co-workers felt that employees with disabilities need maximum supervision and needed to be assigned special tasks suitable to their conditions. From these findings, it was recommended that co workers needed to change their attitude towards employees with disabilities. The Ministry of Labour needs to establish incentive packages for companies that employ persons with disabilities to encourage employment of more persons with disabilities. Such incentive packages can be in the form of exemption of tax payment by such companies. The Ministry can implement such programmes like the quota system and the levy and grants system like what happens in the developed countries. The Ministry can also strengthen and activate laws that will act against discrimination and marginalisation of person with disabilities. Advocacy through disability movements be encouraged by all sectors of the economy. This will encourage implementation of reforms instituted by the responsible ministry or ministries.</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="129">
                <text>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON MANAGERIAL STUDIES AND RESEARCH</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>disabilities</name>
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        <name>employees</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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                <text>IMPLEMENTATION OF E-LEARNING IN THE NORTHERN CENTRAL&#13;
DISTRICT OF HARARE, ZIMBABWE.(2015-2017)&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>BARBRA NGWENYA&#13;
</text>
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                <text>DR FARAI CHOGA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The study sought to investigate the implementation of e-learning in schools&#13;
and was a case study of Harare Northern Central District from 2015 to 2017. The&#13;
research objectives were to determine the benefits of e-learning, identify the&#13;
challenges hindering the implementation of e-learning in the schools, determine&#13;
strategies which can be used to implement e-learning and identify any&#13;
recommendations which can be used in the implementation of e-learning. The&#13;
researchers used qualitative research methodology and used interviews and&#13;
questionnaires as data collection methods. The study revealed that e-leaning was&#13;
being used mostly in schools and government was working hard to support the&#13;
school’s initiatives towards the implementation. It was recommended that colleges&#13;
and universities should train more teachers in ICTs for the school system. Schools&#13;
should source funds so that they engage ICT software programmers for e-learning.&#13;
Parents should also support their children so that they understand the importance of e-&#13;
learning. The Government should engage the private sector and mobilize funds to&#13;
modernize education in Zimbabwe</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="423">
                <text>An International Peer Review E-3 Journal of Sciences and Technology</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2018</text>
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        <name>e-learning</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="159">
        <name>Respondents</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="161">
        <name>Socio-Economic</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="160">
        <name>software programmers</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
