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                <text>GROWTH, CARCASS AND MEAT PERFORMANCE IN GOAT AND SHEEP BREEDS AND THEIR&#13;
CROSSES&#13;
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                <text>he growth performance, carcass and meat properties are the&#13;
driving factors for efficiency and overall viability of goat and sheep meat&#13;
production systems. These performance factors are much dependent on&#13;
genotype, although the overall productive capacity will be influenced by&#13;
other factors such as nutrition, management, health and other animal&#13;
related factors as age, slaughter weight and sex. Goats and sheep breeds&#13;
are diverse and populated all around the worlds’ agro ecological regions&#13;
culminating in distinctive performances. Some agro ecological regions&#13;
usually use both pure breeds and assorted crossbred goats and sheep&#13;
that include characteristics from more than one breed, which might be&#13;
locally available or exotic breeds. Breed differences in performance&#13;
characteristics proffer contingency to improved efficiency of goat and&#13;
sheep meat production as a consequence of growth, carcass and meat&#13;
performance. Different production systems have taken advantage of&#13;
various goats and sheep breeds and their crosses for meat production&#13;
and have designed their management specifically to maximize production&#13;
on targeted breeds. Pure breeding and crossbreeding have been the most&#13;
used mode of production to promote growth performance, carcass and&#13;
meat parameters to serve specific commercial meat market expectations&#13;
and consumer appeal. Straight breeding has its own share of benefits and&#13;
shortcomings, on the other hand goat and sheep breed diversity and&#13;
genetic distance have acted as valuable ingredient which has been&#13;
exploited in crossbreeding systems in improving growth performance carcass and meat parameters. Different forms of systematic crossing&#13;
strategy to improve growth performance, carcass and meat production&#13;
have been designed based on specialized terminal sires breeds to&#13;
complement performance characteristics of known maternal breeds lines.&#13;
In this case, appropriate choice of breed to attain optimal growth, carcass&#13;
and meat parameters as expected by specific markets and meat products&#13;
acceptable to consumers becomes critical. Unlike pure breeding&#13;
accomplishment of breeds and their crosses utilization is dependent on&#13;
their genetic distance among them, as well as breed complementarity,&#13;
individual, maternal and paternal heterosis that make the proper choice&#13;
of breeds employed in a crossing system of great importance. Therefore,&#13;
it is recommendable for goat and sheep producers to acquaint&#13;
themselves with the production potential of available goat and sheep&#13;
genetic resources in order to get maximum meat production utility. The&#13;
present review gives an insight on the performance of goat and sheep&#13;
breeds and their crosses in terms of growth, carcass and meat&#13;
production.</text>
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                <text>Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2020</text>
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        <name>Breeds</name>
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        <name>Carcass</name>
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        <name>Goat</name>
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        <name>Growth</name>
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        <name>Meat</name>
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        <name>Sheep</name>
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                <text>EFFECT OF MORINGA EXTRACT ON GROWTH AND&#13;
YIELD OF TOMATO&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text> CALVER MVUMI</text>
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                <text> FANUEL TAGWIRA</text>
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                <text>ALBERT. Z CHITEKA&#13;
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                <text>ials were carried out to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a&#13;
growth hormone on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumL var.&#13;
Rodade).&#13;
In the greenhouse, five treatments were used: the control, where only water&#13;
was added (M0), second control where ethanol 80 % was added (ME), moringa&#13;
extract applied once at 2 weeks from emergence (M1), moringa extract applied at 2&#13;
and 4 weeks from emergence (M2), and moringa extract applied every 2 weeks to&#13;
maturity,starting from two weeks from germination (M3).The same treatments were&#13;
adopted in the field except the ME which was considered unnecessary after&#13;
observing the results of the greenhouse experiment. Results showed that moringa&#13;
extract increased growth and yield of tomato in both greenhouse and field. Moringa&#13;
extract significantly increased above ground dry matter yield (DM), root dry matter&#13;
weight and plant height for the crop. Yields obtained at MI, M2 and M3 were&#13;
increasing in extract at M3.</text>
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                <text>Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences</text>
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                <text>2012</text>
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        <name>growth hormone</name>
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                <text>EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RAPE AND CABBAGE</text>
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                <text>CALVER MVUMI</text>
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                <text>AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY</text>
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                <text>GOVERNMENTAL PLANNING</text>
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                <text>S.B.M MARUME</text>
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                <text>According to social scientists, namely; public administration scientists, political scientists,&#13;
economists, sociologists, students and readers, planning is now viewed and accepted as an indispensible activity&#13;
in the public sector, as opposed to the ancient point of view that to foretell the future did not reside within the&#13;
province of humankind’s capabilities. As a matter of fact, planning with reference to contemporary thinking is&#13;
accorded a necessary element in governmental activities, as is evident from the uses of various terms and&#13;
concepts such as policy planning, development planning, economic planning, social planning, rural planning,&#13;
urban planning, and governmental planning to mention but a few; and the latter concept, that is, governmental&#13;
planning, is the subject this article</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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                <text>GOAT PRODUCTION AS A MITIGATION STRATEGY TO CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY IN SEMI ARID TROPICS.</text>
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                <text>NEVER ASSAN</text>
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                <text>Due to climatic variability in semi arid tropics, livestock production faces many challenges that threaten its viability. This is a review that looks at the potential of goat production as one of the many mitigating strategies in confronting climate change in semi arid tropics. The discussion focuses on specific goat ethological, morphological and physiological characteristics that have environmental adaptation implications. Physiological, behavioral and morphological responses let goats effectively thrive in unfavorable climate change induced environmental conditions. These responses are important in matching goats to specific environmental conditions and ensuring a sustainable level of production. Severe feed shortages resulting from changes in rainfall pattern, and water scarcity are some of the major climate change induced environmental stressors, which have caused livestock capacity decline. Their negative influence on livestock production calls for use of adapted livestock species to cope with unavoidable climate change effects. Goats have shown to be a remarkable animal species that possess distinctive qualities enabling it to excel efficiently in harsh tropical environments. As climate change takes a center stage in defining livestock productivity in semi arid tropics, there is greater need to stress what type of livestock species to keep. Therefore, the selection of adapted livestock species will be critical in sustaining productivity under this increasingly challenging environment. Identification of livestock species adaptable to semi arid tropics, is recommended for achieving sustainable levels of production. This is on the understanding that selection of adapted livestock species counteracts the negative effects of climate change in such a way that productivity can be maintained and improved. While other species tend to be highly vulnerable, goats have evolved a unique and fascinating array of physiological, morphological and reproductive characteristics, which have contributed to their survival and proliferation in unique unfavorable tropical environmental niches. This points to the fact that promotion of goat production may be a viable mitigation strategy in the context of climate change. It is thus suggested that as climatic variability worsens, goats will assume a critical role in livestock production due to their adaptive features, such as feeding behavior, disease and heat tolerance. These behavioral, morphological and physiological characteristics enable goats to effectively cope with the stressful nature of the vast semi arid tropics. The discussion concludes with the understanding that promotion of goats becomes a key component of semi arid tropics livestock production systems. Due to goats’ numerical strength and greater adaptability to varying harsh tropical environmental conditions, they offer a compelling solution to livestock production capacity utilization to minimize destabilizing factors associated with the uncertainties of climate change.</text>
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                <text>Scientific Journal of Animal Science</text>
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        <name>Adaptation</name>
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        <name>Climate change</name>
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                <text>GENOTYPE INFLUENCING YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN DIFFERENT DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS</text>
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                <text> NEVER ASSAN</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The milk yield and milk composition of dairy animals are influenced by a large number of factors. Generally, these factors are based on genetic and non-genetic differences between dairy animals. While the genetic potential of an animal is fixed at conception, non genetic factors such as nutrition, management, milking frequency, rearing methods, stage of lactation, etc. determine whether genetic potential is attained. Therefore, the maximum marketable milk yield with different fat and protein content is desirable to producers to increase farm profitability and can be affected by choice of appropriate genotype. The present discussion explores the consequences of choice of genotype in dairy production enterprises for the milk yield and composition. The discussion points to the fact that genotype affect either yield or milk composition during the entire lactation. However, across genotypes fat and protein yields are affected by both the quantity of milk produced and fat or protein percentages in the milk.</text>
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                <text>Scientific Journal of Biological Sciences</text>
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                <text>2015</text>
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        <name>composition</name>
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        <name>dairy production</name>
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        <name>Genotype</name>
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                <text>PROVIDED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION USE.&#13;
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                <text>One principal source of unsubstantial meat production&#13;
efficiency in commercial small ruminants is high kid/lamb&#13;
mortality, where a larger proportion of kid/lamb crop fails to&#13;
reach marketable age resulting in immense economic losses.&#13;
There is apparent evidence accrued through extensive studies&#13;
which point to the fact that heredity and some non-genetic factors&#13;
drive kid/lamb mortality in goats and sheep production. In this&#13;
respect, mortality of kids/lambs may vary with genotype,&#13;
nutrition, litter size, dam age and parity order, nutrition, sex and&#13;
age of kid/lamb and season and year of kidding/lambing. The&#13;
present review will give an insight on the influence of genotype,&#13;
birth weight and birth status as determinants of mortality in goat&#13;
and sheep. The resultant effect of genotype on kid/lamb mortality&#13;
is associated with traits imparted to both dams and/or kid/lamb&#13;
such as birth weight size related to difficult birth, kid/lamb&#13;
viability after kidding/lambing and maternal characteristics. Low&#13;
birth weight kid/lamb may die due to failure to adapt to life after&#13;
birth, incompetence to sustain body temperature as a result of&#13;
low energy body reserves at birth result into death, low kid/lamb&#13;
potency and poor maternal attachment exposes kid/lambs to less&#13;
survival chances. On the other hand, multiple birth has an adverse&#13;
effect on kid/lamb survival due to lower birth weight as litter size&#13;
increases, which is a lead factor to more hazard to mortality. The major reason for high mortality in underweight kid/lamb at birth is&#13;
probably due to lack of suckling and/or exposure to low body&#13;
temperatures. Mature dams give birth to heavier kids and provide&#13;
enough milk to nursed kids/lambs promoting faster growth rates&#13;
subsequently enhancing survivability of kids/lambs. There is&#13;
potentiality of manipulation of husbandry practices focusing on&#13;
ensuring that all born kids/lambs are as close as possible to the&#13;
acceptable birth weight average for that specific breed of choice.&#13;
It should be noted that due to multifaceted nature of the&#13;
determinants of mortality it is reasonable to assume that&#13;
appreciation of specific cause and occurrence of kids’/lamb&#13;
mortality could be advantageous to minimise mortality rates. A&#13;
total eradication of kid/lamb mortality is probably unachievable as&#13;
a result partly targeting the control of both environmental and&#13;
animal-related factors is of paramount importance. High kid/lamb&#13;
mortality necessitate for good management practices and&#13;
improved dam nutrition to support nursing of multiple birth, in&#13;
addition to the exploitation of crossbred’s livability and&#13;
survivability. The present review gives an insight on the&#13;
determinants of mortality and associated factors in goat and&#13;
sheep meat production</text>
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                <text>Agricultural Advances</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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        <name>Birth status</name>
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        <name>Birth weight</name>
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        <name>Genotype</name>
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        <name>Goat</name>
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        <name>Mortality</name>
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        <name>Sheep</name>
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                <text>GENERIC VIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION</text>
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                <text> S.B.M. MARUME</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Most social scientists now publicly consider the scholarly work of Professor J.J.N Cloete&#13;
extremely rational and practical, and believe that it can be made operational in any institutionalized frame of&#13;
reference. He outlines the six main administrative categories listed by him, namely, policy, organization,&#13;
finance, personnel, procedures and control, which make up the subject of this article.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="344">
                <text>Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>GENDER AND SMALLHOLDER LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, IMPROVEMENT&#13;
AND CONSERVATION IN AFRICA&#13;
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          <element elementId="39">
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                <text>N ASSAN</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Policy makers, developmental agents and researchers are now aware of the need to incorporate gender issues in smallholder livestock production planning and development in order to improve livestock productivity in Africa. This discussion attempt to explore the role of gender in smallholder livestock production,genetic improvement and conservation.Strategies to improve livestock production and conservation within the smallholder livestock sector will not be successful unless gender related issues are taken into account.Ownership of different livestock species by men and women in smallholder livestock production sector has been documented, often cattle and larger animals are owned by men, while goat keeping and backyard poultry production are largely women's domains. Therefore, it is assumed that taking cognizance of gender differentials in smallholder livestock production intervention programs will result in effectively implementation of livestockdevelopment programs ensuring more optimal outcomes. The rationale for gender integration in livestock improvement and conservation is driven by the fact that different household members typically hold different livestock responsibilities; they also may have different livestock priorities and livestock production constraints. Gender sensitive livestock policy initiatives such as training women in livestock improvement and conservation in smallholder livestock production sector should be adopted in order to address specific concerns and priorities of women as major stakeholders in livestock production.Gendered asymmetries in access to livestock and services not only do a great disservice to women and men livestock smallholder farmers, but they also stifle the potential for more sustainable and effective actions along a given livestock improvement program. In most cases , where livestock improvement and conservation programs are being carried out, the lack of gender consideration constrains the development of holistic approaches to achieve desirable goals.</text>
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                <text>Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences</text>
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        <name>Keywords</name>
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                <text>CLOSING GENDER ASSET GAP IN LAND ACCESS AND CONTROL IN A1 SCHEMES IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>TAVONGA NYAYA </text>
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                <text>The study reflected on the impact of the fast track land reform programme, 2000-2002 on the&#13;
distribution of land between men and women in A1 resettlement areas in Zimbabwe. Throughout the discourse&#13;
on the land reform programme, the virtues of land transfer have been extensively extolled while ignoring its&#13;
impact on gender relations and gender asset gap.&#13;
The study used a national quantitative baseline survey and qualitative data collected in Goromonzi District.&#13;
Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observations and documentary analysis so&#13;
as to triangulate the evidence. This dataset was used to complement findings from statistical analysis of the&#13;
survey data.&#13;
The chi-square tests on survey data and findings from the case study conducted in Goromonzi District&#13;
did not show evidence of discrimination against women under the fast track land reform programme. Instead,&#13;
women tended to obtain more rights to land through two avenues: obtaining land as individuals in their own&#13;
right and through the joint registration of offer letters with their husbands. The results showed that women&#13;
beneficiaries obtained the same land rights as men in terms of land use patterns.&#13;
The study recommended that allocation of land under the land reform programme should focus on individuals&#13;
within households. Government officials directly involved in the design, planning and implementation of the&#13;
land reform programme should be trained in gender analysis and participatory gender planning. Methods&#13;
should be devised to inform women about their land rights and the avenues through which these rights can be&#13;
enforced</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="334">
                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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        <name>A1 model; asset; chi-square; household; gender asset gap; statistical analysis; women</name>
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                <text>DIMENSIONING ACADEMIC STRATEGIES AND PRIORITIES WITH&#13;
E-LEARNING TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF&#13;
THE FREE STATE&#13;
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                <text> GABRIEL KABANDA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The purpose of the research was to determine the strategies and priorities as an academic leader for creating a&#13;
world-class academic university in terms of quality and impact of teaching and learning. The University of the Free State&#13;
(UFS) is faced with the problem of relatively low scholarship throughput. The Xerox Excellence Model represents one of&#13;
the early excellence pioneering models, and the EFQM European Excellence Model is a representative of international&#13;
quality award model that informs customer service excellence. The status of the University of Free State (UFS) is&#13;
analysed qualitatively using a research design based on Discourse Analysis, Laclau and Mouffe‟s discourse theory,&#13;
supported by Document Analysis of the Strategic Plan 2012-2016 and the Integrated Report for 2013. UFS is&#13;
benchmarked against other top world-class universities. The recommended strategies hinge on sustaining momentum on&#13;
excellence, broadening access, investing in Leadership Success, enhancing research capacity and learner support, and&#13;
focus on institutional service excellence. Strategies and priorities identified are to be supported by the evolving future&#13;
e-learning trends (MOOCS, micro-learning, OERs, etc.) and technologies (cloud-based learning, gamification, notification&#13;
systems in LMS, SaaS authoring tools, HTML5, Tin can API, etc.). The global university performance of world-class&#13;
universities are assessed across all of their core missions – teaching (the learning environment), research (volume,&#13;
income and reputation), knowledge transfer (citations), industry income (innovation) and international outlook (staff,&#13;
students and research).</text>
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                <text>AN IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT&#13;
FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING&#13;
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UNDER GLOBALIZATION:&#13;
EVIDENCE FROM ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>66 International Journal of Information Technology Project Management, 4(4), 66-81, October-December 2013&#13;
Copyright © 2013, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.&#13;
ABSTRACT&#13;
Culture has been analysed in information systems (IS) projects as one of the soft issues that cause project&#13;
failure. Increased outsourcing and collaboration call for an understanding of the dynamism of cultures in the&#13;
wake of global influences as a first step towards managing cross cultural Information Technology (IT) proj-&#13;
ects. In this study, the authors propose a way of assessing cultural dynamics in the context of trans-national&#13;
collaboration in IT projects. Using a mixed methods approach consisting of survey and semi-structured&#13;
interviews for collecting evidence in Zimbabwe, a framework for assessing the current state of communalist&#13;
culture is proposed. The study showed that in spite of the inroads of Westernization and Commercialization,&#13;
a culture of sharing prevails although it is affected by sensitivity to cost burden and inroads of individualism</text>
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                <text>URBAN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY: A CASE&#13;
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ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>This study is an investigation on how urban agriculture enhances food security in Old Pumula suburb of Bulawayo. The study sought&#13;
to establish the nature and extent of urban agriculture in Old Pumula identify challenges faced by urban farmers and suggest&#13;
recommendations for improved urban agriculture. A descriptive survey research design was used and the mixed method used for data&#13;
collection and analysis. Data were collected through the questionnaire for Old Pumula residents (respondents) and through an&#13;
interview with the Agricultural Research and Extension (AREX) officer. The results of the study confirm that urban agriculture&#13;
contributes significantly to food security in Old Pumula. The research also revealed that urban farmers are faced with severe land&#13;
shortage and are restricted by by-laws from free practise of urban agriculture. The study recommended that government could amend&#13;
its by-laws and include urban agriculture in urban land use zones. It also recommended that government should avail more land for&#13;
urban agriculture.</text>
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                <text>Global Journal of Advanced Research</text>
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                <text>TECHNOLOGY AFFORDANCES AND DIFFUSION FOR MOBILE CONNECTIVITY&#13;
AND APPLICATIONS IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text> PROF. GABRIEL  KABANDA</text>
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                <text>The technology acceptance model (TAM)&#13;
proposes that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness&#13;
predict applications usage. Affordances are the interactions&#13;
between users and tool, i.e. properties of the world that are&#13;
compatible with and relevant for people’s interactions.&#13;
Affordance offers a distinctive perspective on the use of ICT&#13;
in education because of its focus on possibilities for action.&#13;
The paper assesses the value-adding contribution of the&#13;
concept of affordances, ascertains how its application provides&#13;
new insights and enables innovation of mobile technology, and&#13;
investigates how the notion of affordances can be used to&#13;
assess the diffusion and explore possible applications of&#13;
mobile technology into Zimbabwe. The main hypothesis being&#13;
tested was: “Technology affordances are related to the diffusion&#13;
of mobile technology in Zimbabwe”. Examples of mobile phone&#13;
applications used include WhatsApp, games and Ecocash, and&#13;
potential applications to mobile learning.&#13;
The quantitative methodology was used as the research&#13;
paradigm and a survey conducted on 15 selected Zimbabwean&#13;
schools to evaluate the application of TAM to mobile&#13;
technology and e-learning. Data on infodensity on 18&#13;
countries in Eastern and Southern Africa was analysed to&#13;
assess the relative progress on mobile technology diffusion in&#13;
Zimbabwe in comparison with other neighbouring countries&#13;
for the period 2000 to 2012. The FRAME model for mobile&#13;
learning is adopted as a framework for implementation to&#13;
manage the process resulting from the convergence of mobile&#13;
technologies, human learning capacities and social interaction.&#13;
TAM was partially supported, and the results showed that&#13;
perceived usefulness is more important in determining&#13;
intention to use the technology than attitude toward using.&#13;
However, the high cost of internet bandwidth is a major&#13;
prohibitive factor to the diffusion of mobile technology and e-&#13;
learning in Zimbabwe</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering</text>
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                <text>AN ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO&#13;
HIGH SECONDARY SCHOOL PUPILS DROPOUT RATES&#13;
IN ZIMBABWE. A CASE STUDY OF BULILIMA DISTRICT</text>
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                <text>SIKULILE MOYO</text>
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                <text> DINGINDAWO NCUBE</text>
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                <text>MUSA KHUPE</text>
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                <text>The study sought to assess factors contributing to high secondary school pupils dropouts in Bulilima District in Zimbabwe. Bulilima&#13;
District has for a long time been experiencing high dropout rates amongst secondary school pupils due to a number of factors which&#13;
needed exploration in order solve the problem. The study used a case study design and a qualitative method with individual and group&#13;
interviews (focus group discussions) as data collection techniques. The study participants included teachers, heads of schools and&#13;
members of the community who included both adults and the youths, selected through the purposive convenience sampling technique.&#13;
The study was anchored on the human capital theory which advocates for investing in human capital through education that in turn is&#13;
expected to stimulate socio-economic development of a country. The findings are absentee parents, financial hardships, hunger and&#13;
poverty, home school distance, teenage pregnancies and peer pressure .The study recommends that the government of Zimbabwe&#13;
subsidises examination fees, implements ‘free primary education for all’ in line with the constitution of Zimbabwe. Furthermore the&#13;
government of Zimbabwe in collaboration with key stakeholders builds more secondary schools in Bulilima district. Finally more&#13;
research be done on the problem of secondary school pupils drop out in order to bring more insight on this problem bedeviling&#13;
Bulilima district.</text>
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                <text>Global Journal of Advanced Research</text>
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                <text>ACHIEVING SOCIO –ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION&#13;
FOR WOMEN THROUGH ODL IN ZIMBABWE .A CASE&#13;
OF GWANDA DISTRICT</text>
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                <text>Z MZACA</text>
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                <text>Globally there is concern for women empowerment and access to education. In developing countries such as Zimbabwe, of the 17%&#13;
who are illiterate, 2/3 of them are women who are marginalized, hence most have little or no access to education especially tertiary&#13;
education. Open and Distance learning has been seen as the panacea to address this imbalance since social realities limit the&#13;
opportunities for women to take up full time study programmes. In Zimbabwe, the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU), with its spread&#13;
to all regional compasses has been viewed as a realistic opportunity to enable the women to access university education. ZOU offers&#13;
degree programmes in the fields of Science and Technology, Business Management and Law, Humanities and Social Sciences and&#13;
Health Sciences. Based on the assumption that women have embraced the Open and Distance Learning (ODL) mode which suits&#13;
students who fulfill other commitments such as work and family, this study sought to assess the socio- economic transformation that&#13;
ODL, through ZOU has had on women in Zimbabwe in general and Gwanda district in particular. The study was carried out in&#13;
Gwanda District of Matabeleland South region in 2016, and used the qualitative approach. Purposive sampling was used to select the&#13;
participants. Data were collected through interviews. The study found that women have benefited from ODL programmes since they&#13;
now occupy influential positions at work and earn enhanced salaries. Their employment prospects have been enhanced by ODL&#13;
qualifications. Women have gained confidence to participate in workshops, meetings &amp;conferences. The study recommends that the&#13;
government of Zimbabwe subsidises ODL programmes to increase the number of women in such programmes and more Campaigns&#13;
be undertaken on the benefits of ODL to women</text>
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                <text>Global Journal of Advanced Research</text>
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                <text>This paper was on students’ attitudes towards Open Educational Resources (OERs) on selected&#13;
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                <text>In the broader field of Public administration, one of the integral elements of public accountability&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>This descriptive survey was conducted to establish the quality of service offered by the ZOU staff at the regional centres. A total of 325 respondents drawn from the ten regional centres of the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU), responded to questionnaires, which had both closed and open-ended items. The study established that staff at the regional centres was generally providing appropriate quality service to the students even though they were working under difficult conditions most of the time. Front desk staff was seen as marketing ZOU very well through quality service, whilst the academic staff was considered humble, accommodating and diligent. However, poor service was noted in registration, assignment marking and communicating with students. The attitude of some ancillary and library staff was also identified as an area of improvement. This service audit was seen as a way of contributing towards the improvement of service in the ZOU and in other ODL institutions.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE’S FAST TRACK LAND REFORM PROGRAMME (FTLRP): A TRANSFORMATIVE SOCIAL POLICY APPROACH TO MUPFURUDZI RESETTLEMENT (SHAMVA DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE) </text>
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                <text>The paper analyses Zimbabwe’s Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) as a social policy instrument. Mupfurudzi Farm in Shamva district was used as a case study. Five tasks of the Transformative Social Policy Framework (TSPF) were analysed in a single study. These are production, protection, social reproduction, redistribution and social cohesion/nation building. Analysing and improving the transformative role of the land and agrarian reforms in Zimbabwe is the aim of the study. The study shows that prime land is a key social, economic and political resource whose ownership and use improves the wellbeing of the beneficiaries. However, the study also points to various hurdles to greater transformation. These could be managed through stakeholder networking and collaboration on capacity building and farm management skills, input schemes and loans, infrastructural development, security of tenure and state-facilitated markets. Key words and phrases: transformation, development, social policy, land reform and agrarian reform.</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe is one of the developing countries striving to reach a middle economy status by year 2030. In its bid to achieve this vision, it has adopted an electronic government strategy (e-government strategy) &#13;
where government business is done electronically. An e-government strategy is a plan for e-government systems and their supporting infrastructure, which maximises the ability of government to achieve its &#13;
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government has to become more accountable and transparent on its journey to Vision 2030, and one of its key drivers is proper records and archives management. Properly managed electronic government &#13;
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                  <text>Theses, Dissertations &amp; Projects</text>
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                <text>LEADERSHIP THEORIES: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE APPLICATION OF LEADERSHIP THEORIES AMONG CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF ZIMBABWE STOCK EXCHANGE LISTED COMPANIES</text>
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                <text>DOUGLAS ZIMBANGO</text>
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                <text>Leadership in Africa is under-researched while academic investigation into leadership has been much more rigorous, in terms of trends, in America and Europe. In Africa, there is sparse empirical research on leadership in business organizations. This study contributes towards closing the gap through investigating the application of leadership theories by Chief Executive Officers of Zimbabwe Stock Exchange listed companies. While the theoretical propositions and frameworks have been largely influenced by empirical studies within the Western World, emerging studies on African leadership and management culture show a gap that needs to be filled for Africa to move forward. This research, therefore, investigates the efficacy and relevance of some of the theories on leadership by focusing on Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) drawn from organizations listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange during the period 2005 to 2010. The research will also aim to analyse the leadership characteristics that help to transform a corporation into a social system. In essence, the study sought to ascertain the role of the various factors proposed in the literature as affecting leadership and how leaders act to get the best out of their subordinates through inducing an appropriate action for a particular need. The theoretical proposition posed is that leaders, through influencing an entire group, can improve the fortunes of a company. The research problem for this study is premised on the resource endowment and educational levels in Zimbabwe which do not reconcile with the level of development in the country especially when compared with Asian countries that were at the same levels of development just a few decades ago. The research methodology applied to investigate the application of theory, in this study, involved a combined approach i.e. quantitative and qualitative analysis (triangulation). Instruments used to investigate the underlying practices and characteristics of leaders in a developing country context were questionnaires, observations, case studies and oral interviews. The archival method of directing questions at a population concerning key issues was aimed at understanding the present and predicting the future. The qualitative approach informed by phenomenology was used to come up with a holistic view where emphasis was on meaning rather than frequency while the quantitative approach was used to determine frequency. This process introduced flexibility as it allowed for greater spontaneity and adaptation through the more elaborate responses by respondents and follow up questions. The study looked at the evolving theories of leadership from the Great Man and Trait theories, Behavioural Theories, Theory X and Y, the Contingency/Situational Theories and Transformational theories and investigated their application by Chief Executive Officers of Zimbabwe Stock Exchange listed companies between the period 2005 to 2010. The findings from this research support calls against the blanket implementation of universal models of leadership and leadership development, as well as approaches that break culture down into a series of discrete dimensions. They call for the facilitation of a more constructionist approach to the surfacing of Afro-centric knowledge about leadership and management. The study concluded that while some Western World principles, with regards to work and leadership, do not work in an African set up, it is agreed that the underlying theories on leadership are applicable universally but their universal and uncritical acceptance without regard to culture and the peculiarities of the operating environment does not work. The study calls for a pragmatic adaptation of the theories for application in Zimbabwe. Finally, the study recommends further and deeper studies with specific interest on African and Zimbabwean cultural and environmental idiosyncrasies.&#13;
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                <text>A RELOOK AT THE USEFULNESS OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS (IKS) IN COUNSELLING: A FOCUS ON VIEWS OF ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY MASTER OF SCIENCE IN COUNSELLING STUDENTS. </text>
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                <text>Using the qualitative approach, the study determined views of Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) Master of Science in Counselling (MScC) students on the usefulness of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in counselling. Data was collected from purposively selected participants as follows: ZOU MScC students in training (N=10); ZOU MScC awaiting graduands (N=10) and Counselling lecturers from ZOU regional centres (N-10) and two focused groups of MScC students [each with 10 participants]. Findings from the focused group discussions and document analysis were used to augment the unstructured interview findings. Issues of the paradigm shift towards IKS in development, controversies on intellectual property of IKS and contributions of IKS to knowledge development were the main thrust behind this study. Data was descriptively analysed and coded according to emerging themes and patterns. Narrative accounts of analysed documents supported the findings and where possible critical analyses on raised issues were made. Results revealed that, ZOU’s Open Distance Learning (ODL) delivery mode was the best tool to disseminate IKS. The study participants found their learning material better IKS biased than at undergraduate programme. That meant that, there was need to relook at the undergraduate programme to make it IKS conversant. The study recommended that, IKS be ingrained into all study matters for sustainable developments in Zimbabweans’ livelihoods and it further suggested that, through IK one tended to understand the self better as an African. That was further proposed to be supported by marked IKS days where people from diversified institutions showcased how their systems embraced IKS.</text>
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                <text>THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES INVENTION </text>
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                <text>A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON BEST PRACTICES IN TECHNOLOGY AFFORDANCES, ICT AND GOOD GOVERNANCE IN MANAGING HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN ZIMBABWE </text>
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                <text>PROFESSOR GABRIEL KABANDA</text>
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                <text>The emergence and growth of unethical leadership in the corporate world in Zimbabwe militate against competitiveness of the nation. Governance issues of higher education institutions in Zimbabwe have affected their strategic response to new technological innovations and programmes associated with open educational resources (OERs), massive open online courses (MOOCS), e-learning and mobile learning in an increasingly networked environment. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the corporate governance issues that affect technology affordances and IT governance in an increasingly networked environment and the impact on strategic response to the new technologies in teaching and learning. The research methodology used was qualitative where focus group discussions were held with various groups involved in the management of higher education institutions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on selected levels of university management on technology affordances, IT governance and business-IT alignment. Stratified sampling technique was used as the target population was stratified according to levels of management in higher education institutions, starting from the level of University Council going down to IT Managers and key users. The results show that there are corporate governance problems between the Vice Chancellor and Chairperson of the University Council, and the critical success factors were determined. However, all the higher education institutions involved in the study indicated the common problem of poor alignment between the business strategy and IT. Corporate governance and IT governance facilitate a conductive environment for technological progress and responsiveness to technological innovations such as e-learning.</text>
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                <text>GLOBAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL STUDIES</text>
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