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                <text>LEADERSHIP FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING: THE EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF EDUCATIONAL CONNOISSEURSHIP IN THE EYES OF MASVINGO DISTRICT SCHOOL LEADERSHIP&#13;
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                <text>Craft competence by school leadership in the application of supervision theories is the engine that propels&#13;
quality implementation of syllabuses by teachers in schools. The study sought to investigate the effective&#13;
application of connoisseurship supervision theory by school leaders in Masvingo district, Zimbabwe. This&#13;
was a qualitative study which aimed at interpolating into the effective use of connoisseurship supervision&#13;
in Zimbabwean schools. The case study design was employed with semi-structured interviews and focus&#13;
group discussions used as the main data generation tools. The school leaders who had a workshop were&#13;
conveniently sampled then purposive sampling was employed to get information rich cases of school&#13;
leaders who were holders of a Master of Education degree in Educational Management to participate in&#13;
the study. The major findings of the study were that connoisseurship helps to describe and evaluate on-&#13;
going processes and events in the classroom, it helps school leaders to see the breadth and depth of&#13;
qualities of work, helps in the examination of a plan and helps in increasing understanding of the&#13;
classroom activities. Connoisseurship also helps in the analysis of pedagogical methods and their&#13;
relevance over and above helping the school leader to recognise the missing elements in the teaching and&#13;
learning process. The study concluded that school leaders have theoretical knowledge of connoisseurship&#13;
supervision but they do not put that into practice. The study therefore recommended a series of workshops&#13;
and training sessions on the practical application of connoisseurship supervision in schools to improve&#13;
the quality of instruction.</text>
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                <text>African Perspectives of Research in Teaching and Learning Journal</text>
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                <text>HOW DO SCHOOL LEADERS MANAGE THEIR TIME? NARRATIVES FROM SCHOOL PRACTITIONERS IN MASVINGO, ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Time management is a critical factor in school leadership and management. Without school leaders who&#13;
manage time effectively schools are likely to decay. Good people do not need laws to tell them to act&#13;
responsibly or to manage their time effectively. This study investigates how school leaders manage time&#13;
for effective teaching and learning in schools. The qualitative research approach as it is informed by the&#13;
interpretivist paradigm was employed in this study. Purposive sampling was done to select school heads,&#13;
deputy heads, teachers, college lecturer and parents in the School Development Committee from both&#13;
primary and secondary schools in Masvingo Province. I employed semi-structured interviews for data&#13;
generation. Results show that some heads fail to manage their time in schools by not scheduling activities,&#13;
lack of goal setting, attending to unplanned activities, failing to prioritise tasks, lack of delegating work&#13;
to subordinates, failing to manage unnecessary interruptions and do not schedule time to attend to&#13;
subordinates. The study recommends the need for courses and workshops that introduce school leaders to&#13;
time management skills, conduct seminars to in-service school heads and thus equip them with skills,&#13;
knowledge and proper attitude on effective time management practices and prioritising tasks</text>
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                <text>EXPLORING CHALLENGES FACED BY PHD SUPERVISORS AND CANDIDATES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES IN THE AFRICAN CONTEXT&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Postgraduate supervisors and their candidates experience a myriad of challenges during their&#13;
journeys to reaching to PhD. This study explores challenges encountered by doctoral&#13;
supervisors and candidates in Social Sciences in the African context. The study employed&#13;
qualitative methodology informed by the interpretivist philosophy and convenience sampling&#13;
was employed to generate data. Focus group discussions were used to generate data from&#13;
twenty-five PhD supervisors who had gathered at a workshop in one of the African countries.&#13;
For data presentation and analysis, emergent themes that were generated hinged on supervisor&#13;
challenges, student challenges, methodological challenges, infrastructural challenges, and policy challenges. The study recommends intensive training of PhD supervisors. The study also recommends the need for universities to run workshops with doctoral supervisors to provide them with the fundamentals of doctoral thesis coaching and mentoring. Candidates need workshops from the onset of the PhD journey. Universities need to up skill their PhD supervisors so that they guide their candidates to produce quality work.</text>
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                <text>SCHOOL LEADERSHIP AND ITS DEXTERITY TO PROVIDE ACCESS TO QUALITY INSTRUCTION: A CASE OF A PRIVATE ACADEMY IN MASVINGO, ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The study explored school leadership practices in high-performing schools with reference to a private academy in Masvingo district. Literature suggests that leadership has a strong influence on&#13;
the performance of any school organization. The nature of leadership is not always known but leaders need the tools to make things happen. The rationale for this study was to explore the hallmarks of leadership in high-performing contexts. The study applied interpretivist philosophy&#13;
and qualitative methodology. The case study research design was employed as it could draw experiences from a high-performing school. Data was generated using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and open-ended questionnaires. The data was presented through themes that emerged from the data analysis process. Informed by the findings, the themes were discussed following the research questions. Major findings were that school leadership in high-performing schools must have vision and direction, it must capacitate teachers with pedagogical and&#13;
instructional skills, as well as improving the quality of teaching through supervision. Instilling student discipline is important to allow smooth instruction in the classrooms. School leadership&#13;
must influence responsible authority to provide adequate financial, material, and human resources to reduce large class sizes to increase teacher commitment. The study recommends that staff development programmes that capacitate teachers be put in place so that teachers are equipped with deep approaches to teaching.</text>
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                <text>African Perspectives of Research in Teaching &amp; Learning (APORTAL) </text>
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                <text>SCHOOL LEADERSHIP IN NEUROTIC CONTEXTS: SURVIVING OR DROWNING?&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>This paper seeks to bring forth into the contemporary education landscape the issue of institutional&#13;
neurosis based on schools in the Zimbabwean context. There are a lot of disorders and disengaged&#13;
gears in schools that have crippled the provision of quality education to learners who are in dire&#13;
need of it. Broken educational bridges are a common feature and this is failing to take education&#13;
to greater heights. The study was undergirded by the interpretivist philosophy. Qualitative research&#13;
methodology was thus employed. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who were&#13;
school leaders and school teachers because they were the information-rich cases for study. Semi-&#13;
structured interviews and focus group discussions were employed to generate data. The major&#13;
findings were that there is serious lack of communication in schools. Leadership is not instructional&#13;
at all and such lack of direction results in neurotic conditions in the schools. Teachers lack deep&#13;
cutting approaches to teaching and employ information processing approaches which scratch the&#13;
surface. There is high level of burnout by teachers due to eroded salaries and poor working&#13;
conditions, the situation which culminates into neurotic conditions. The study thus recommends a&#13;
series of capacity building workshops on issues to deal with instructional leadership, morale for&#13;
teachers and school leadership, technology use, ethics and professionalism, leadership&#13;
development, among others. These will go a long way towards dissolving neurotic circumstances&#13;
that have found a home in most schools</text>
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                <text>African Perspectives of Research in Teaching &amp; Learning (APORTAL) V</text>
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                <text>PEDAGOGY IN DISTANCE EDUCATION: IS EVALUATIVE JUDGEMENT AN EFFECTIVE PEDAGOGICAL TOOL FOR STUDENTS IN DISTANCE EDUCATION?&#13;
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                <text>Distance education has expanded dramatically over the years and has become a needed component in the higher&lt;br /&gt;education landscape especially in this COVID-19 era. Students in distance education need the ability to make&lt;br /&gt;decisions about the quality of work and others. The argument advanced in this article is that evaluative judgement&lt;br /&gt;should be used as a pedagogical tool by students in distance education so that they develop the capacity to improve&lt;br /&gt;their reflective practices. Qualitative methodology was employed in this study. Learning facilitators from the&lt;br /&gt;Zimbabwe Open University were purposefully sampled to generate data through semi-structured interviews. The&lt;br /&gt;major findings of the study were that evaluative judgement is a very effective tool which enables students to see&lt;br /&gt;whether what they are doing is right or wrong. It is used in assignment writing, term paper presentations, research&lt;br /&gt;project writing, group discussions, peer assessment, teaching practice attachment and during examination writing. It&lt;br /&gt;improves the depth and breadth of understanding matter and also improves the quality of interaction between the&lt;br /&gt;student and the content. The study recommends that tutorial handbooks should be provided at orientation on the&lt;br /&gt;importance of evaluative judgement to students in order to improve the quality of their work</text>
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                <text>INTEGRATING SEX-AND-GENDER IN ZIMBABWE’S FAMILY,&#13;
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&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>This article reviews and assesses the Family, Religious and Moral Education (FAREME)&#13;
syllabus’ treatment of sex-and-gender (SnG) perspectives. Family, Religious and Moral&#13;
Education lacks sufficient SnG socialisation perspectives, and we propose to use the Theory of&#13;
Change (ToC) to integrate these issues. Results suggest that 10% quantitative integration&#13;
of SnG content and objectives across all FAREME levels as well as qualitative combination of&#13;
SnG differences can empower learners to become advocates for SnG equality and respectful&#13;
religious practices in Zimbabwean schools. This study is informed by qualitative research&#13;
methodology. The ToC is the theoretical framework used to support the unbiased integration&#13;
of SnG-related issues into this qualitative study of the FAREME syllabus. Theory of Change&#13;
helps identify, select, place, mentor and monitor how SnG issues are holistically integrated&#13;
into the school syllabus. The review process advocates for a 10% quantitative integration&#13;
target of SnG content and objectives across all levels, considering there are only 10 cross-&#13;
cutting issues in the FAREME syllabus. Moreover, the study emphasises the qualitative&#13;
combination of biological and socio-cultural differences within religious phenomena&#13;
throughout the syllabus. This approach allows learners to develop a comprehensive&#13;
understanding of SnG perspectives</text>
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                <text>Theologia Viatorum</text>
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                <text>DISCOURSES THAT TRANSIENT INTO BROKEN BRIDGES FOR STUDENT TEACHERS ON TEACHING PRACTICE: A&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>Building bridges for student teachers is the fountain and link-pin to moulding effective teachers in&#13;
any system of education. This study seeks to highlight challenges faced by student teachers in&#13;
primary and secondary schools in Masvingo Province. The study adopted a post-positivist&#13;
approach rooted in the interpretive philosophy and employed the qualitative research&#13;
methodology. The population for the study were 250 student teachers who had gathered at a&#13;
teaching practice workshop at Masvingo Regional Campus. Convenience sampling technique was&#13;
employed to select information rich participants who were asked to write down narratives on&#13;
challenges they faced during teaching practice. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were&#13;
employed as data generation tools as well. The major findings of the study were that student&#13;
teachers had several challenges rooted in mentoring, pedagogical, time constraints, implementing&#13;
updated curriculum with the new learning areas, disciplinary issues, lack of textbooks, overloaded&#13;
lasses and teaching periods, supervisor related issues, among others. The study concludes that&#13;
student teachers find it a rocky road to effectively practice in the absence of a supportive&#13;
environment. The study recommends that schools should attach student teachers to competent and&#13;
qualified mentors. Universities and schools should work hand in glove and come up with several&#13;
seminars and workshops for student teachers so that their practice is made rich.&#13;
Key terms: teaching practice; student teachers; discourses; broken bridges</text>
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                <text>WHO IS DISENGAGING THE GEAR? IS SCHOOL LEADERSHIP THE IMPEDIMENT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>School leadership is there to build ‘learning bridges’ between learners and the curriculum content&#13;
(Everand, Morris &amp; Wilson, 2004, p. x). This study seeks to investigate challenges that school&#13;
leadership face in the implementation of the new curriculum in Zimbabwean primary schools. It&#13;
particularly examines the dissonance between the current implementation level and the expected&#13;
standard of implementation. The implementation of a new curriculum requires effective school&#13;
leadership (Bennett, Crawford &amp; Cartwright, 2003). The key stakeholder in the process of&#13;
curriculum implementation in any education system is school leadership. This article argues that&#13;
school leadership should have a clear picture of what to do and how for effective implementation&#13;
of any new curriculum. The curriculum introduced in Zimbabwe is not spared. The study was&#13;
located within the qualitative paradigm using semi-structured interviews and focus group&#13;
discussions to generate. Purposive sampling was done to select information rich cases from among&#13;
school leaders in Masvingo Province. The study highlighted a number of complex challenges&#13;
linked to school leadership which include the problem of suffering from multiple meanings and&#13;
conceptual complexity of the new curriculum and lack of orientation on the new curriculum. The&#13;
study also revealed that school leadership has not been sufficiently retrained for fitness of purpose.&#13;
The study thus recommends retooling of school leadership so that they develop the craft&#13;
competency needed in the implementation of the new curriculum</text>
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                <text>HIGHER EDUCATION PEDAGOGY IN CRISIS: CHALLENGES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING DURING THE&#13;
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                <text>Covid-19 placed higher education pedagogy in a crisis, particularly in Zimbabwe.&#13;
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19 pandemic in the Zimbabwean higher education system. The study employed the&#13;
qualitative paradigm and a case study design with three universities in Masvingo&#13;
province. Seven lecturers and ten students from three universities were purposefully&#13;
sampled because of their richness in data. Electronic interviews were used to&#13;
generate data. The major findings from this study were that lecturers faced challenges&#13;
in employing interactive teaching methods. For example, lecturers in the natural&#13;
sciences found it difficult to conduct experiments online. Students faced challenges in&#13;
engaging in group presentations. It was also established that lecturers were&#13;
sometimes not available online for consultation and this limited interaction between&#13;
students and lecturers. The study concluded that there were serious pedagogical&#13;
challenges that had been brought by the Covid-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe. The study&#13;
recommends that a robust professional development programme on ICT based&#13;
teaching be developed for lecturers to improve the quality of teaching in the Covid-19&#13;
era. Zimbabwean universities should build their own capacities to facilitate and&#13;
support student learning.</text>
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                <text>SOCIAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT MATRIX IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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CLAINOS CHIDOKO (EDITOR)&#13;
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                <text>Climate change is a major crisis that affects everyone, especially in developing countries like&#13;
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marginalised communities the hardest. If Zimbabwe seriously wants to take action on climate&#13;
change, it would allow ordinary people, those hardest hit by the phenomenon to contribute to&#13;
discussions, rather than spend millions to represent the views of politicians and members of the&#13;
elite. In this context, the 29th United Nations Conference of the Parties (COP29) serves as a salient&#13;
case in point, wherein Zimbabwe’s ostentatious delegation, replete with government officials,&#13;
symbolised a gross misalignment of resources and representation amid the nation’s pervasive&#13;
socio-economic turmoil. A lavish expenditure exceeding $2m for this elite assembly, as reported&#13;
by Tendai Ruben Mbofana, starkly juxtaposes the lived realities of everyday Zimbabweans&#13;
grappling with climate-induced adversities, hence raises significant ethical questions. According&#13;
to Mbofana, Zimbabwe’s representation at the summit of the United Nations Framework&#13;
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), popularly COP29, by sending a ‘bloated’ and ‘over-&#13;
flow’ of 238 elite delegates, exemplifies a ‘spectacle of excess rather than a meaningful opportunity&#13;
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                <text>This theoretical study explores the Zimbabwe Council of Churches’ (ZCC) pivotal role in&#13;
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climate under the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF). The ZCC&#13;
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Christian Denominations (ZHOCD), representing diverse Christian expressions. The study is&#13;
anchored in decolonial theory, advocating for a vigilant prophetic tradition that counters&#13;
internal colonisation and contemporary biblical oppression, urging ecumenical and localised&#13;
initiatives to challenge state repression. The study highlights a disconnect between government&#13;
rhetoric and policy outcomes, exemplified by the failure of the Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG) currency&#13;
to ease socio-economic hardships. The study frames the disconnect through prophetic ideals,&#13;
emphasising the importance of grassroots Christians to assume church agency in this scenario.&#13;
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state policies, and how can the ZCC’s resilience foster effective resistance to repression? Findings&#13;
indicate that, despite numerous challenges, the ZCC advocates for impartiality in ethical&#13;
governance and anti-corruption efforts. The study concludes that the church’s prophetic&#13;
mandate for social justice can be realised through engagement with grassroots communities,&#13;
addressing the complex interplay of economics and politics, underscoring the necessity of&#13;
prophetic witness and moral authority in Zimbabwe’s collective pursuit of justice, and calls for&#13;
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                <text>&#13;
BOARD DIVERSITY AND PERFORMANCE OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN TRANSPORT SERVICE SECTOR IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>OSCAR IRIMAI TSVUURA&#13;
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                <text> OBERT SIFILE&#13;
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                <text>The main aim of the study was to assess the effect of board diversity and performance of state-&#13;
owned enterprises (SOEs) in transport service sector in Zimbabwe. The research adopted mixed&#13;
methods approach rooted in the pragmatism paradigm. Probability sampling (simple random)&#13;
was used to determine respondents for the quantitative data while non-probability sampling&#13;
(purposive) was used to determine the participants to provide the qualitative data. The&#13;
population of the study was 30 respondents focusing on board members, senior managers and&#13;
middle managers in 8 parastatals. However, the research sample size were 28 respondents as&#13;
justified by using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) Table of sample size calculation. Both structured&#13;
questionnaires and an interview guide were used to solicit data where descriptive statistics were&#13;
used to analyse quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The study results&#13;
showed that SOEs boards with a blend of board members of different age groups, varied gender&#13;
and diverse professional qualifications and experience allow continuity and exchange of&#13;
diverse ideas which, in turn, could result in improved organisational efficiency, hence&#13;
improved firm performance. However, from the results of the study, there exists adequate&#13;
evidence that board diversity and experience are a critical determinant of performance of SOEs&#13;
in the transport sector in Zimbabwe. Premised on the findings of this scholarship, the following&#13;
recommendations were made. Relevant line ministries should come up with a policy&#13;
framework that enforces the appointment to the board of individuals with proven relevant and&#13;
diverse experience in leading organisations at the senior level. Therefore, a key potential future&#13;
area for further research would be a replication of the study in the same sector focusing on the&#13;
impact of board policy on service delivery. This would, in turn, enhance the generalisability of&#13;
the findings to SOEs in other emerging markets that are facing the same performance&#13;
challenges linked to board composition.</text>
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                <text>INTERSECTING DIGITAL GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>The advent of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the internet has&#13;
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delivery models. Digital tools have the potential to promote sustainable economic&#13;
transformation and development within the 21st Century by ensuring that governments attain&#13;
cost efficiency and effectiveness gains. The successful attainment of Agenda 2030 has become&#13;
a priority for all governments across the globe and Africa is no exception. There is&#13;
acknowledgement that the Agenda 2030 can be driven by digitisation efforts. However, there&#13;
is little scholarly evidence which indicates how digital tools can be incorporated in SDGs&#13;
implementation in Africa. The study adopted extant secondary qualitative literature as the&#13;
research method. Findings, conclusions and recommendations were drawn from documentary&#13;
books, journal articles, working papers and government reports. This study focused on&#13;
examining how ICTs can be incorporated in the SDGs’ implementation trajectory, progress&#13;
made and challenges being faced. The study findings established that despite progress made in&#13;
adopting ICTs by several African countries, most of them have failed to fully embrace ICTs in&#13;
driving the implementation of SDGs. African countries are facing underlying problems which&#13;
include digital divide, lack of political will, lack of skills and limited funding, among others,&#13;
which have been a hindrance towards their digitisation efforts. The study recommended that&#13;
governments in Africa have to invest in regulatory and policy frameworks, source adequate&#13;
funding for digital projects and educate the general populace on ICTs</text>
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        <name>Sustainable Development Goals</name>
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                <text>UNLOCKING A SUSTAINABLE GREEN GROWTH FRONTIER OF MANUFACTURING SMALL&#13;
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URBAN, ZIMBABWE&#13;
EN&#13;
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                <text> COLLEN   KAJONGWE</text>
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                <text>Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contribute significantly to economic growth and&#13;
sustainable development globally. However, their contribution to sustainable green growth in&#13;
the fourth industrial revolution has been largely not addressed by literature in Zimbabwe, which&#13;
this qualitative study sought to unveil. The mantra of green growth strategies is ensuring a&#13;
practical and flexible approach for achieving concrete, measurable progress across its&#13;
economic and environmental pillars. Green growth strategies are not limited to the provision&#13;
of critical support services, clean water, air and food production but to deliver full economic&#13;
potential on a sustainable basis. This lacuna has not been addressed by literature on SMEs in&#13;
Chinhoyi which this study sought to fill. The study purposively selected 15 registered&#13;
manufacturing SMEs where an interview guide was used to solicit data from SMEs owners,&#13;
which then was analysed and presented thematically. Study results showed that the availability&#13;
of certain types of natural capital (sun, water, wind, among others) offer new opportunities for&#13;
greening growth for SMEs in the manufacturing sector. The results confirm that technological&#13;
change has been the main driver of green growth and efficiency for manufacturing SMEs. The&#13;
results also pointed out that vital parts of the SMEs’ green growth journey is developing&#13;
business plans for new, sustainable products and services, implementing greener production or&#13;
operational processes, or integrating selected standards that can enable some companies to get&#13;
access to new markets. Based on the results, SMEs require capital to realise their green growth&#13;
business plans. SMEs are encouraged to redefine their mission, vision and values and&#13;
incorporate green concepts to enhance sustainability. A longitudinal study needs to be done on&#13;
all types of SMEs going green in their business strategic orientation in Zimbabwe.</text>
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                <text>DEBT AMNESTY FOR ZIMBABWE’S LOCAL GOVERNMENT: ISSUES, EFFECTS AND&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>This article that made use of the utilitarian framework of analysis, focused on Ignatius Chombo,&#13;
a former Zimbabwean Minister of Local Government, who issued an order granting debt&#13;
amnesty to residents of the 92 local government councils in the nation from 2009 to 2013. The&#13;
utilitarian concept of municipal government, developed by John Stuart Mill, places a strong&#13;
emphasis on maximising the well-being or overall pleasure of the greatest number of people&#13;
when making decisions. The article probed the Minister's choice by using a utilitarian&#13;
framework of analysis and a documentary research methodology. Whilst it found that the&#13;
decision curried favour with certain segments of the population, especially the indigent who&#13;
were struggling to settle their bills for service delivery, it also found it repugnant, among others,&#13;
for the reason that it ingrained a culture of non-payment for local government services&#13;
consumed by residents that subsists up to now. It also found that, despite the fact that the policy&#13;
was created a little more than ten years ago, the full consequence of the minister's decision has&#13;
not yet been fully absorbed.</text>
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                <text>EFFECTS OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON UNIVERSITY LECTURERS’&#13;
WORK-LIFE BALANCE&#13;
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                <text>MARTIN CHIKOZHO </text>
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                <text>Communication technology is advancing on a daily basis bringing efficiency and flexibility in&#13;
the workplace. However, literature on its effect on work life balance among lecturers is blurred.&#13;
Overuse of mobile communication devices for work-related tasks outside designated hours can&#13;
disrupt the equilibrium between professional and personal lives. This study investigates the&#13;
effects of mobile communication technology on work-life balance among university lecturers&#13;
in Zimbabwe. Employing a qualitative research paradigm and an interpretive philosophy, the&#13;
study facilitates an in-depth exploration of lecturers’ perceptions regarding the effects of&#13;
mobile communication on their work-life balance. A hybrid methodology combining case&#13;
study and phenomenological designs was utilised, involving 21 lecturers selected from various&#13;
departments across the selected state university through criterion purposive sampling. The&#13;
findings revealled significant insights into this pressing issue. It was revealed that the effects&#13;
of mobile communication technology on the work-life balance of lecturers are multifaceted,&#13;
with both positive and negative effects found depending on how its use is regulated. When&#13;
utilised randomly without guiding institutional policies and practices, it is more likely to impact&#13;
negatively on the work-life balance of lecturers. This study recommended a careful and&#13;
judicious use of mobile communication technologies within faculties and departments to&#13;
facilitate work while preserving work-life equilibrium. The establishment of a policy&#13;
framework and communication of such a policy, which guide mobile communication in the&#13;
workplace, was recommended</text>
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                <text>EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND THE AGRARIAN SECTOR IN ZIMBABWE: PROSPECTS&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>Information Communication Technology (ICT) has been a significant contributor to the growth&#13;
and socio-economic development in countries and sectors where they are well deployed.&#13;
Innovative ICT’s range from computers, radio, television and mobile phones to advanced&#13;
technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, Internet of Things&#13;
and big data analytics are among the current trends. The study adopted extant qualitative&#13;
paradigm to generate information. Research findings indicates that, Zimbabwe is prone to&#13;
shocks that affect agricultural and livestock production, including extreme weather events,&#13;
inflation, and external geopolitical conflicts. However, there are opportunities for boosting&#13;
agricultural productivity in the agriculture sector in Zimbabwe making use of ICT tools and&#13;
agriculture is expected to be a trillion-dollar industry by 2030 if these tools are fully embraced.&#13;
Despite milestones achieved of ICTs adoption in the agricultural sector in Zimbabwe such as&#13;
microfinance and mobile banking, mobile phones and radio, there exist a gap between small&#13;
holder farmers, communal farmers and commercial farmers. Commercial farmers are fast&#13;
adopting emerging technologies whilst small holder farmers and communal farmers are faced&#13;
with challenges which include lack of security of land to access loans, high cost of data and&#13;
low capacity, among other challenges. To promote innovation and growth of digital agriculture&#13;
solutions, the government of Zimbabwe could consider enacting tax incentives for companies&#13;
and organisations developing services that drive rural adoption, especially among farmers and&#13;
other agricultural value chain actors</text>
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                <text>THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN SHAPING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND BRAND&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>This study explored the role of social media in shaping consumer behaviour and brand&#13;
engagement among the youth in Masvingo, Zimbabwe. Using a mixed-methods paradigm, the&#13;
research combined quantitative data from 351 respondents and qualitative insights from 20&#13;
interviewees to examine how social media influences purchasing decisions, brand loyalty, and&#13;
consumer attitudes. A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure representation&#13;
across key demographic variables such as age, gender, and education level. Findings revealed&#13;
that social media platforms, particularly WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram, played a pivotal&#13;
role in shaping consumer behaviour, with 68% of the respondents acknowledging the direct&#13;
influence of social media ads and influencer recommendations. Thematic analysis highlighted&#13;
the importance of trust, authenticity, peer influence, and emotional connections with brands.&#13;
Additionally, the study identified platform-specific behaviours and contextual factors, such as&#13;
economic constraints and hybrid shopping preferences that shape consumer behaviour in&#13;
Masvingo. The results underscored the transformative role of social media in driving brand&#13;
loyalty and purchase decisions, offering valuable insights for marketers and businesses&#13;
targeting youth in emerging markets. </text>
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                <text>BUILDING RESILIENCE IN HUMANITARIAN ORGANISATIONS IN ZIMBABWE: THE&#13;
SIGNIFICANCE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN DISASTER&#13;
RESPONSE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>EDDINE EDSON MUDYAZHEZHA </text>
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                <text>TENDAYI VIMBAI FAITH MUKWEHWA</text>
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                <text>The study aimed to assess the significance of Information and Communication Technology in&#13;
enhancing supply chain resilience and improve disaster response in humanitarian organisations&#13;
in Zimbabwe. The population for this study comprised 160 individuals who were purposively&#13;
selected from the humanitarian organisations that operated in Manicaland, Zimbabwe, where&#13;
Cyclone Idai took place in 2019. The Yamane formula was used to calculate the sample size&#13;
of 114 respondents in the study. Structured questionnaires were used as research instruments&#13;
in the study. The study revealed that Information and Communication Technology was&#13;
important in humanitarian organisations as it helps to build resilience and improve disaster&#13;
response. The study recommended the formulation of clear policies and guidelines that could&#13;
govern the use of ICT in disaster response, ensuring that data security, privacy protection, and&#13;
the interoperability among different organisations and agencies. The study also recommended&#13;
the development of partnerships between humanitarian organisations, the government&#13;
agencies, and the private sector entities to jointly invest in and leverage ICT solutions for the&#13;
disaster preparedness and the response by implementing a centralised platform that integrates&#13;
all the relevant stakeholders and the data sources to ensure seamless communication and&#13;
information sharing during the disaster response operations.</text>
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                <text>CYBER-SECURITY GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK AND ITS EFFECTS ON ZIMBABWE&#13;
LOCAL AUTHORITIES: A REVIEW PAPER&#13;
1&#13;
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                <text>BRIAN CHUNDU</text>
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                <text>PROF OBERT SIFILE</text>
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                <text> DR TAVENGWA MASAMHA</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this review paper was to analyse literature related to cyber-security governance&#13;
frameworks effects in Zimbabwe local authorities. Cyber-security governance is a developing&#13;
subject with an expanding literature. It is founded in information technology governance but is&#13;
also increasing its recognition in business management. However, there is dearth of literature&#13;
on the effectiveness of cyber-security governance framework in Zimbabwe local authorities.&#13;
The authors reviewed journal papers, conference papers, theses and books from various&#13;
databases namely Google Scholar and ProQuest. The study showed that cyber-security&#13;
governance enables the formulation of a cyber-security governance framework which has a&#13;
great impact on the performance of local authorities in Zimbabwe. In addition, a cyber-security&#13;
governance framework improves organisation’s decision making, risk governance and&#13;
compliance. Conversely, a cyber-security governance framework is inflexible and overly&#13;
systematic. The paper also contributed to the body of knowledge in the fields of cyber-security&#13;
governance as well as other related studies thereby supporting literature brought forward by&#13;
other researchers</text>
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                <text>2025</text>
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                <text>THE EFFECT OF BANK-SPECIFIC FACTORS ON BANKING SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN&#13;
ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>LASTEN MUDZINGWA&#13;
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                <text>DR KUDZANAI MATOWANYIKA</text>
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                <text>RANGARIRAI MBIZI</text>
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                <text>The study sought to ascertain the effect of bank-specific factors on banking sector development&#13;
in Zimbabwe since the introduction of the multi-currency system. This was prompted by an&#13;
inability of Zimbabwe’s banking system to efficiently and effectively execute its financial&#13;
intermediary role of supplying affordable long-term loans to productive sectors of the economy&#13;
as a catalyst for economic growth. The study made use of a post-positivist research philosophy&#13;
and utilised 218 structured questionnaires to gather quantitative data on study constructs. Data&#13;
was analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in&#13;
SmartPLS 4.0 software model and SPSS software package version 25. Study findings revealed&#13;
that liquidity, business intelligence and analytics, board structure, asset quality, digitalisation&#13;
and bank size have a statistically positive effect on banking sector development. The study,&#13;
therefore, recommends authorities to invest in digital banking, enhance cybersecurity, augment&#13;
bank liquidity, refine asset quality and boost banks’ capitalisation in order to enhance banking&#13;
sector development. </text>
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                <text>2025 </text>
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                <text>URBAN REGENERATION THROUGH COLLABORATIVE APPROACHES IN LOCAL&#13;
GOVERNMENT: CASE OF THE CITY OF HARARE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>TAFADZWA MOYO</text>
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                <text>SYLVESTER MARUMAHOKO</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>African cities, due to substantive urban growth, have faced the challenge of urban deterioration&#13;
which has contributed to city unattractiveness and low business opportunities over the years.&#13;
Previous studies have indicated that urban decay is a process against a willful act which cannot&#13;
be corrected by command, however through collaborative efforts by several stakeholders from&#13;
diverse fronts. This study examined the adoption of collaborative approaches towards urban&#13;
regeneration using the City of Harare as a case study, firstly by exploring challenges&#13;
contributing to the deteriorating nurture of the city as well as identifying different roles which&#13;
stakeholders can play to restore the city. This was achieved through a qualitative research&#13;
methodology which encompasses a document search complimented by key informant&#13;
interviews. The City of Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe has suffered the same challenge&#13;
of urban decline associated with poor waste removal, proliferation of informal business&#13;
markets, poor enforcement of by-laws, disinvestment among others. The study identified&#13;
several actors which included resident associations, private sector entities (private property&#13;
developers, consultants, private businesses), Ministry of Local Government, and the Harare&#13;
City Council. It was established that efforts by several stakeholders can drive urban&#13;
regeneration through the creation of synergies, among the same actors</text>
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