14 25 486 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/de6bdaeecc46e7f7bfcacf71c8ffb235.pdf def0a08a4f9d01b52fe87c9720b36677 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF SERVICE DELIVERY AT THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY: MASVINGO REGIONAL CAMPUS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource R.A. CHABAYA P. CHADAMOYO C. CHIOME Description An account of the resource This study investigated students’ perceptions on service delivery at the Zimbabwe Open University Masvingo Regional Campus. The study employed the qualitative descriptive survey design. It generated qualitative data using a questionnaire with open and closed items. A sample of 92 students was selected from a population of 1500 returning students using the stratified random sampling technique. Data was presented in simple frequency tables and analysed thematically. The study found out that students were satisfied with the examination management, fees payment structure, module distribution, enquiries, student tutor relationship and academic advisement. They expressed dissatisfaction with registration process, tutorials, library services, assignment management, overcrowded offices and communication. The study recommended that urgent steps must be taken by the university to expedite the registration process, provide on line services, expand library, train staff in customer care and mobilise resources that adequately support the growing student population. Further research can be done in customer care and assignment management Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Zimbabwe International Journal of Open & Distance Learning Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/abf1fe1c264d38d499728d102c6fce31.pdf ddb08296f2460fd1a379f9800164e9bd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ROLE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT OF SMALL TO MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES): A CASE STUDY OF CHIKWANHA BUSINESS CENTRE IN CHITUNGWIZA, ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource RUGARE CHITIGA Description An account of the resource The Zimbabwean economy declined in the past decades. Many industries closed leading to mushrooming of the informal sector. Chikwanha has developed into a hub of many SMEs involved in different activities. No study has been carried out to ascertain how ICT has influenced the stock or inventory management of SMEs activities at Chikwanha. This research study was aimed at determining the extent of ICT influence in stock management. A qualitative approach was used. Interviews and questionnaires were used in data generation. The findings showed that Internet was not used despite the availability of iPads and smart phones in the market. The benefits of Internet usage in trade and inventory management were not experienced. Limited benefits such as accuracy, processing speed, theft and stock shortages reduction were realized through the use of computers. However a number of challenges were faced. The major challenge was that of lack and unreliability of electricity supply that affected usage of computers. Lack of computer skills also hampered usage of computerized inventory systems. It was recommended that the SMEs be staff-developed in the use of computers. The use of iPads and smart phones should be encouraged ICT informal sector inventory management SMEs https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/66a25cc21c82e1bb8fd190ee1fb77205.pdf 9ca2a5dd01233522b5c0635c2091b2af https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/9f146a3538e6ede7ac913e734e2e3d1f.pdf 9ca2a5dd01233522b5c0635c2091b2af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource INFLUENCE OF STAGE OF LACTATION ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE MILK PRODUCTION PARAMETERS IN GOATS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Goat lactation is synonymous to an agricultural production function with three distinct production regions namely, early, mid and late lactation. It is characterised by an increase in milk yield in early lactation to a possible peak in the mid lactation and then a decline in milk yield as it reaches the end of lactation. However, the other milk constituencies (protein, fat, lactose, etc ) do not follow the same trend as total milk yield through the 3 lactation stages. Therefore, it is suffice to suggest that the understanding of the physiological changes in these stages of lactation is crucial in maximizing milk production in goats. The present discussion explores the importance of different stages of lactation in milk production in influencing yield and milk composition. Milk yield and its composition are influenced by various factors, among these stage of lactation is very significant. The proportion of protein, lactose, fat and total solids declined slightly with advance in lactation and a steady fall in milk yield. This is on the basis that milk yield is a function of the number of mammary secretory cells and their metabolic activity change during the course of lactation. The significant stage of lactation effect in most studies may have practical implications in determining optimal feeding management to maximize total lactation yield and milk composition. Therefore, the knowledge of physiological activities during different stages of actation is critical to dairy animal nutrition and management decision support systems for optimization of goat dairy flock production processes Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Animal Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Goat Stage of lactation Yield Composition https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/4ac5cd5f9eff1667f517ba8a429a1c2e.pdf aa5f6f0fa5913fc012823d2d5feddbb3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource QUALITY MATERIALS SCIENCE EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH DISTANCE LEARNING: THE CASE FOR NIGERIA AND ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource GABRIEL KABANDA Description An account of the resource Zimbabwe is rich in human capital and natural resources, and is poised to achieve sustainable growth and development mainly through human capital development. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of open and distance learning (ODL) in materials science education. The major objectives of the research are to:  identify and assess the main regulatory frameworks that apply to distance and online education in Nigeria and Zimbabwe.  ascertain the feasibility of offering materials science education programmes through open and distance learning (ODL). The methodology was mainly a qualitative case study focusing on Nigeria and Zimbabwe. The two countries were purposively sampled to represent two distinct types of policy and regulatory environments. Data collection comprised literature and document review, administration of questionnaires, and field visits to conduct interviews with relevant ministries, regulatory agencies and selected universities. Data collection instruments were questionnaires and interview schedules. Nigeria has a population of about 154,729,000 as at 2009, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometer. The National Universities Commission (NUC) regulates a total of 117 Universities countrywide and provides accreditation at institutional, programme and course levels. Quality assurance is monitored to promote standards and ensure safety with minimum academic standards. The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) is currently the only Uni-mode University mandated for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in the delivery of university education. There are about six universities which may be regarded as dual- mode universities with limited capacity to deliver degree programmes by the ODL mode in addition to the conventional face-to-face mode. NUC has one of the best regulatory frameworks in the world that promotes quality ODL programmes. The lessons learnt from Nigeria can be adapted and applied to Zimbabwe and ZOU in the offering of degree programmes for materials science and courses in nanotechnology, through ODL and e-learning. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Educational Research and Technology (IJERT) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Distance learning Education Nigeria Science education Zimbabwe https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/f022a8f69a3ebab067e6b590cba9d264.pdf b970ffe516463788597d7dbb2e47298c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource QUALITY MATERIALS SCIENCE EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH DISTANCE LEARNING: THE CASE FOR NIGERIA AND ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource PROFESSOR GABRIEL KABANDA Description An account of the resource Zimbabwe is rich in human capital and natural resources, and is poised to achieve sustainable growth and development mainly through human capital development. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of open and distance learning (ODL) in materials science education. The major objectives of the research are to: i) identify and assess the main regulatory frameworks that apply to distance and online education in Nigeria and Zimbabwe ii) ascertain the feasibility of offering materials science education programmes through open and distance learning (ODL) The methodology was mainly a qualitative case study focusing on Nigeria and Zimbabwe. The two countries were purposively sampled to represent two distinct types of policy and regulatory environments. Data collection comprised literature and document review, administration of questionnaires, and field visits to conduct interviews with relevant ministries, regulatory agencies and selected universities. Data collection instruments were questionnaires and interview schedules. Nigeria has a population of about 154,729,000 as at 2009, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometre. The National Universities Commission (NUC) regulates a total of 117 Universities countrywide and provides accreditation at institutional, programme and course levels. Quality assurance is monitored to promote standards and ensure safety with minimum academic standards. The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) is currently the only Uni-mode University mandated for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in the delivery of university education. There are about six universities which may be regarded as dual-mode universities with limited capacity to deliver degree programmes by the ODL mode in addition to the conventional face-to-face mode. NUC has one of the best regulatory frameworks in the world that promotes quality ODL programmes. The lessons learnt from Nigeria can be adapted and applied to Zimbabwe and ZOU in the offering of degree programmes for materials science and courses in nanotechnology, through ODL and e-learning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Zimbabwe International Journal of Open & Distance Learning Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Distance Education Education science sustainable development https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/e924a35ac305ee414ee637d2afe4c696.pdf 821c59c1d8b216203b44474c3cc936b9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource INDUCTION PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES OF NEW EMPLOYEES IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS AT GREAT ZIMBABWE UNIVERSITY: ANY MISSING LINKS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. ANDREW CHINDANYA Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Engineering Research and Management (IJERM) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 checklist induction and new employees practices procedures https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/3d2e65cae561bf9ae77ae2abf1cb0100.pdf 649a196dc977e4de6c3d6c1d826dd9b9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ACHIEVING GENDER EQUITY AT THE WORKPLACE: THE EXPERIENCES OF WORKING STUDENTS OF THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource PROFESSOR CHRISPEN CHIOME DR. ANDREW CHINDANYA Description An account of the resource The study sought the experiences of working students of the Zimbabwe Open University on ways of achieving gender equity at the workplace. The research was qualitative as the questionnaire used as a data-gathering instrument had open-ended sections that yielded qualitative data. The research employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of 206 working distance education students was extracted using the stratified random sample in which departments and gender formed the strata. The study found out that gender equity at organisational level could be achieved by creating a gender sensitive environment, attitudinal changes, gender responsive culture, and full participation of women. Above all gender issues at organisational level must not be treated in isolation, but must include empowerment policies, human rights and H.I.V.AIDS. The working students went further to prescribe a gender friendly curriculum, equality before the law and unlimited access to gender sensitive information. The study among others recommended that wide access to gender friendly literature, extensive outreach programmes targeting all sexes, women advancement programmes and a participatory environment at the workplace must be put in place to enable gender equity to prevail at the organisational level. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 gender equity human rights workplace Zimbabwe Open University https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/d2fb9a06096ed82db70ea96466c1586b.pdf c1e3cb000639f955046ab2a3e7e0b644 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ACCESS AND SUCCESS IN E-LEARNING IN THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CHRISPEN CHIOME Description An account of the resource The study sought to determine distance education students’ experiences in access to and success in e- learning endeavours. The study was qualitative as the questionnaire used as a data-gathering instrument had both closed and open-ended sections that yielded qualitative data. The research employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of 158 distance education students from all faculties in the Zimbabwe Open University’s Masvingo Regional Campus was extracted using the convenience sampling method. The study found out that while the majority of distance education students use computer related gargets such as cell phones, television remote control the majority of them did not have access to the computers and thus to e-learning access and success is affected. Success factors such as collaborative learning and quality e-content were heavily deflowered, marred and spoilt as the majority of them did not have e-mail addresses, had no skills in e-learning and hence could not communicate with other students and tutors on the internet. The students nevertheless were excited about e-learning facilities provided by the university. The study, among others, recommended that wide access to e-learning facilities by distance education students, extensive skills upgrading workshops targeting all students, e-learning support centre and e-learning course must be put in place to enable Zimbabwe Open University students to benefit from e-learning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Online Journal of African Affairs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Access collaborative learning e-learning Open and Distance Learning success https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/963688b207a9adfff794863fa3d3bbf7.pdf 01b6760aae997b9bc9725e8b70a1f6c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PUBLIC PERSONNEL PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM (PPPAS) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. S. B. M. MARUME DR. A. S.CHIKASHA N. C. MADZIYIRE Description An account of the resource Public personnel administration which is that specialized sub field of public administration, concerns itself with the role of civil service in developing societies; classification of positions and ranks; recruitment, selection, placement and retention; training; promotions; and utilization of human resources, pay and service conditions (S.B. M. Marume; 1983 and 1988), for the purposes of meeting the needs of institutions, employees and outside groups(W. Fox and Ivan H. Meyer. 1995:95 and S. B. M. Marume 2016). And public personnel administration scientists, practitioners and researchers who are charged with the human resources responsibilities must have a clear and sound understanding, amongst other things, of the personnel performance appraisal system (PPPAS). They should also know the full implications of the following fundamental public personnel performance appraisal question: It is a traditional approach that is characterized by: (a) mere evaluation, excluding the planning and development function; (b) being linked with the financial rewards and sanctions; and (c) being impersonal, bureaucratic, top down, secretive and centralized excluding participation of the employee being assessed? From the close analysis of the literature available, personnel psychologists industrial, scientists and researchers strongly contend that: (a) if the personnel appraisal approach is traditional evaluation, then it can hardly be humanistic and motivating to an employee. (b) instead such a personnel appraisal approach must be focusing more on filling forms giving quantitative rather qualitative information and data. (c) the obvious question arising from this is: what influence would such a public personnel performance appraisal system (PPPAS) have on an employee’s future performance? (d) it must be understood that a performance appraisal system is a management tool which can help motivate and effectively utilize human resources and it includes public personnel performance planning (PPPP), appraisal and counselling as essential elements Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 employee and institutional needs motivation planning and counsellin public personnel performance appraisal system (PPPAS) traditional approach utilization of human resources https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/9e8197f50f4ef9ff978e9fc1a8d781d0.pdf 6349822c9588110db338296a81cd6fe8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PUBLIC PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. S. B. M. MARUME Description An account of the resource Public personnel administration, which is a significant aspect of public administration in the modern state, is rightly described by Herman Finer, a renowned British social scientist, as the sovereign factor in public administration. It is also called by such names as manpower management, personnel management, labour welfare management, and so on. The term personnel administration is known to have a wider connotation as it deals with numerous elements as classification is civil servants, recruitment, training, promotion, compensation, discipline and retirement benefits of the personnel in the government. All these aspects constitute the subject – subject of the article Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Business and Management Invention Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 and wider connotation integral component manpower labour welfare public personnel administration sovereign factor https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/837c19ca3feea7c7c69322a3fd8d0bda.pdf 6df776f02c0d2a79bd0be1f879e1687c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PUBLIC LIBRARIES AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS: A CASE OF GWERU PUBLIC LIBRARIES ON THE ZIMBABWE AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION (ZIMASSET) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource MTHOKOZISI MASUMBIKA NCUBE Description An account of the resource Access to information is an indispensable pillar underpinning national development goals and sustainable development within communities. Public libraries in Zimbabwe are expected to have mechanisms to support and implement national strategies and policies, such as ZimAsset, to benefit the communities they serve. However, public libraries in Gweru have not been active in terms of propagating informational resources on ZimAsset. The libraries were failing to propagate information on ZimAsset due to lack of resources, this included financial, materials and human resources. In addition, the study found out that the Mtapa and Mkoba 6 libraries were underdeveloped to such an extent that they were not functional. The libraries should undertake diverse fund raising activities to generate income and advocate for volunteers and attachés. In addition, the library should undertake continuous needs assessment to anticipate informational needs of its various clients to ensure that the library provides relevant information on ZimAsset Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Int. J. Sustainable Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Gweru community Gweru Memorial Library national development ublic libraries ZimAsset Zimbabwe Zimbabwe agenda for sustainable socio-economic transformation https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/925ac2d19701a222a2317af5efe53c4e.pdf 2b44277f0ff15620970bfd51a0d380af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PUBLIC FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. S. B. M. MARUME PROF. D. NDUDZO Description An account of the resource According to one of the leading American public administration scientists, Felix A. Nigro [1970:345 – 350 and 352 – 379], public financial administration is a critically important facet of public administration which operates through the instrument of budget and encompasses the entire budgetary cycle, that is, formulation of the budget; enactment of the budget; execution of the budget; accounting and auditing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Business and Management Invention Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 accounting and auditing budget budget formulation budgetary cycle enactment and execution public financial administration https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/af4be83e939cead084a2edad4d560bae.pdf 4bd9a0725ea132cb697a5b1d95ea87ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource E-INFRASTRUCTURE ACCEPTANCE IN E-HEALTH, E- LEARNING AND E-AGRICULTURE IN ZIMBABWE: THE QUEST FOR THE USER ACCEPTANCE VARIABLE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CHRISPEN CHIOME Description An account of the resource One of the best ways to achieve global literacy is through communication, collaborative learning, research, and problem solving. Technology helps tremendously in these areas, so it is a great tool to use in this process. As e-infrastructures gain ground in many African countries and at the same time promises a new way of delivering health, education and agriculture. New technologies should be readily acceptable in order to deliver these essential services to the populace. However, against a background of previous studies pointing to e-learning as a monster under the bed (Chiome, Kurasha and Mupa, 2011) and after 98% of the students failed to voluntarily register for an e-learning blended programme, this research set out to find the factors affecting user acceptance of e- infrastructures in health, agriculture and education. This was a survey of institutions engaged in e-agriculture, e-health and e-learning in Zimbabwe. A purposive sample of 65students who were exposed to e-infrastructures was interviewed in order to determine the user acceptance variable applicable in Zimbabwe. The study found out that e-infrastructure users made rational choices faced with alternatives, belief in the usefulness or lack of it of the system, too much effort put into using technology, content richness, e-infrastructure usefulness and update regularity of the e-infrastructure are some of the absolutely vital technology acceptance variables. The research argues that the ability to navigate the complex life and work environments in the globally competitive information age requires e-infrastructure developers to pay rigorous attention to technology acceptance to engage e-infrastructure users other than the “early adopters” with the opportunities in e-infrastructures. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Proceedings and reports of the 6th UbuntuNet Alliance annual conference Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/10dd8dd011275f4585b07e4ef1828896.pdf 94fbf2f2f02aa1344271409cae754354 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PEER ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION: THE ROADMAP FOR DEVELOPING EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS IN POTENTIAL JOB SEEKERS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource PAUL MUPA OWENCE CHABAYA CHRISPEN CHIOME RAPHINOS ALEXANDER CHABAYA Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Description An account of the resource The focus of the study was on the assessment of students’ attitudes towards both being assessed by and assessing other students’ work.Concerns about graduate employment issues, the world over, suggest that employers are concerned by the lack of employability skills exhibited by entry-level job applications. It is also suggested that employers consider it the responsibility of higher education institutions to develop and sharpen such skills. The current study seeks to identify peer assessment as a potential strategy for developing employability skills and aims to examine, from a students’ perspective, the process of introducing peer assessment into higher education teaching programmes. Data were gathered from a sample of undergraduate students following a semi-structured interview. The study found that students expressed a positive attitude towards peer assessment but had concerns relating to their capability to assess peers and to the responsibility associated with assessing peers. Students felt that peer assessment would raise standards in higher education and equip graduates with the needed employability skills. The study recommends that peer assessment should be adopted as regular practice on undergraduate programmes wishing to equip students with a complete repertoire of employment-relevant skills Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International J. Educational & Research Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 employability skills higher education peer assessment teaching programmes https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/48bb38df6aa8439dc0f0592a36c62e23.pdf 00c59a60472f53baf44fc0749f0d202b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource LEARNING ORGANISATION CONCEPTS IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING UNIVERSITY: THEIR APPLICATION IN FLUID TIMES OF DISCONTINUITY AND UNCERTAINTY Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CHRISPEN CHIOME Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource THABITHA GRACE MAKEREDZI Description An account of the resource This study explored the key elements in applying learning organisation concepts in changing environments of uncertainty and discontinuity in the Zimbabwe Open University. Drawing on the interpretive paradigm and grounded theory, an open–ended questionnaire generated data from a convenient sample of 20 lecturers and 120 students. Findings suggest that ODL institutions are pivotal for effective collaborative engagement to meet institutional goals. Thus, they need to apply organisational learning concepts and function as “learning organizations”. This may be achieved by fostering both collaborative and individual life-long learning, professional development and intellectual stimulation, research, creativity and innovation. Transformational leadership and autonomy, collective accountability and responsibility and, appropriate incentive schemes also emerged as important. The study suggests re-designing of the ODL university leadership and aligning it to the dictates of modern learning organisations. Being mindful of such issues may assist the university in navigating its way through the uncertainties in the terrain. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Kamla-Raj 2013 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Education leadership Life-Long Learning Modern Learning Organisations University https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/4c736e579c9d14cffca19778bdc11107.pdf ae3e5a45f57d1e446cab9bec2758f6b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource INVIGORATING HIV AND AIDS PREVENTION THROUGH ADDRESSING TO POVERTY AND GENDER INEQUALITIES AMONG YOUNG WOMEN: A CASE FOR MASVINGO URBAN Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource PAUL MUPA P PRIMROSE KURASHA CHRISPEN CHIOME Description An account of the resource This study sought to explore the perspectives of young women in Masvingo with the aim of better informing them on HIV prevention. Focus group discussions and interviews were used to explore issues relating to HIV prevention. An inductive content analysis identified emerging themes and patterns in the participants’ conversations. The study revealed that, although young women were informed and motivated to prevent HIV, poverty and inequality were significant barriers, limiting their power to protect themselves. The research adds evidence to the current argument that failure to address the disempowering effects of poverty and gender inequality limits the effectiveness of current HIV prevention for young women. HIV prevention must now address poverty and gender vulnerabilities, promoting a protective environment, rather than focusing on influencing individual sexual behaviour Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International J. Education & Research Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Gender Gender inequalities HIV poverty Sexual behaviour Women https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/c47a0c4105e5207aa732005b544735a5.pdf 8c47622403477737d2c09df0a2df6e9f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource HIV AND AIDS WORKPLACE POLICY FOR THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY-FRIEND OR FOE? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CHIKUKWA HERBERT T* CHIOME CHRISPEN** RAPHINOS ALEXANDER CHABAYA* Description An account of the resource This study sought to evaluate the friendliness of the HIV and AIDS workplace policy for the Zimbabwe Open University. This was a case study of one regional centre. Thirty six purposively selected fulltime lecturers and support staff participated in this research. Data was collected through open-ended questionnaires and analysed thematically. The results indicated that the policy is at best non-existent and at worst disconnected from real workplace complexities. Consequently, HIV positive workers appear isolated because they are not supported nor valued at the workplace. Most glaringly, HIV disproportionately affects women workers more than their male counterparts. In some instances these are even overloaded, shunned or stigmatised. Consequently, the workers in this study think HIV positive workers are disenfranchised threatening the university social fabric. They then advocated for an end to workplace discrimination and stigmatisation of HIV positive workers whose status must be kept in confidence, workload minimised, substantial resources invested in their well being and their immediate relatives catered for in medical Aid benefits. More information could be availed to affected and infected workers so that they can live positively. The study recommended concerted effort and substantial resource investment in innovative policies that are worker friendly. Further studies need to be done on supporting HIV positive workers at the workplace. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 confidentiality discrimination foe fulltime lecturers and support staff HIV and AIDS workplace policy Open and Distance Learning stigma https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/1e80017eda435c985b6b21a2ce169219.pdf 21379d768c7992a5efcf9e5c6ada26cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ACCESS AND SUCCESS IN E-LEARNING IN THE ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CHRISPEN CHIOME Description An account of the resource The study sought to determine distance education students’ experiences in access to and success in e- learning endeavours. The study was qualitative as the questionnaire used as a data-gathering instrument had both closed and open-ended sections that yielded qualitative data. The research employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of 158 distance education students from all faculties in the Zimbabwe Open University’s Masvingo Regional Campus was extracted using the convenience sampling method. The study found out that while the majority of distance education students use computer related gargets such as cell phones, television remote control the majority of them did not have access to the computers and thus to e-learning access and success is affected. Success factors such as collaborative learning and quality e-content were heavily deflowered, marred and spoilt as the majority of them did not have e-mail addresses, had no skills in e-learning and hence could not communicate with other students and tutors on the internet. The students nevertheless were excited about e-learning facilities provided by the university. The study, among others, recommended that wide access to e-learning facilities by distance education students, extensive skills upgrading workshops targeting all students, e-learning support centre and e-learning course must be put in place to enable Zimbabwe Open University students to benefit from e-learning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Online Journal of African Affairs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Access collaborative learning e-learning Open and Distance Learning success https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/df1b8de6d944b47ff9f6fb7902def617.pdf 6250e260ec971373f232546b9f1df7db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SHAMVA DISTRICT OF MASHONALAND CENTRAL PROVINCE IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR RITTAH KASOWE Description An account of the resource The study investigated psychological factors influencing academic achievement of secondary school adolescents in Shamva district. The design for the study is ex-post-facto. The population for the study is 300 participants who were independently and randomly selected. Two standardized instrument tagged “Psychological Factors Assessment Questionnaire and Economics Achievement test was used to collect data for the study. The reliability of the instruments was 0.91and 0.86 respectively. Two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The data collected were analysed with an independent t-test. The data analysis showed that school phobia significantly influence academic achievement of students while achievement motivation does not. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers recommended among others that, teachers, parents, counsellors as well as the school authorities should be made to aware of the existing relationship between self-concept, anxiety, achievement motivation, and focus of control and academic achievement. This would enable them provide a better, useful and relevant educational, vocational, personal and social services that will enable secondary school learners , teachers and parents and the school authorities and the community recognise and appreciate the presence of individual differences, among students and how best to reinforce them in every situation. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IJRDO - Journal Of Educational Research Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 academic achievement achievement motivation learners Psychological factors school phobia https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/67980a0600b9ae935e42832fed46d999.pdf d276743aa6127104c5a7a0b1d7fea993 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PRODUCTION, MARKETING AND CHALLENGES FACED BY SMALLHOLDER RABBIT FARMERS: A CASE OF MT DARWIN, ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DELIWE SYLVESTER TEMBACHAKO MAY MREMA ANYWAY KATANHA Description An account of the resource The study focused on the production marketing of rabbits and the challenges faced by the smallholder rabbit farmers in the four wardsof Mt Darwin District. The wards were purposively selected. A descriptive survey method was employed to 85 smallholder rabbit farmers identified through snowballing method. Results confirm that rabbits are kept mainly for consumption purposes, as66% of the rabbits produced were consumed and only 34% were sold. The major challenges faced by farmers in producing and marketing rabbits were inadequate extension services, inadequate feeds, lack of markets and some religious beliefs. Farmers do not normallymarket their rabbits and anysurplus rabbits are sold to neighbours and local markets onwilly-nilly basis, no marketing strategies are employed. There is the need for widespread awareness of the importance of rabbits by government, stakeholders and NGOs through the various media. Extension service needs to be intensified in the rabbit enterprisein the rural communities.The government and NGOs should aid the development of rabbit industry and marketing to the outside markets since the income received could help reduce poverty among smallholder farmers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 incomesecurity panacea rabbits vulnerable https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8728bec3311f8c8fa671273d94861ef9.pdf 9bebaafc73ec866a1e1bc9644db665fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PREVENTIVE STRESS MANAGEMENT Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. S. B. M. MARUME DR. CHIPO MUTONGI R. R. JUBENKANDA C. W. NAMUSI N. C. MADZIIRE Description An account of the resource Because inter-group conflict is inherent in the nature of modern organized institutions, management should be capable of resolving this conflict before the dysfunctional consequences affect organizational performance. The ability to prevent minimizes, and to resolve conflicts successfully is an important skill or competency which administrators or managers must develop. The various strategies for preventing, minimizing and resolving intergroup conflicts can be classified into three main categories which will be the focal point of this article Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 and MBO technique avoidance confrontation defusion preventive stress management https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/0c09633e72cabcc77832a9976b3f5be3.pdf 0fd18b5d996dc2e6d9270016207b7ec2 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/1169fee8f0c7340a9c9610eec9d233a6.pdf 0fd18b5d996dc2e6d9270016207b7ec2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POVERTY AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN AFRICA: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. JEPHIAS MATUNHU Description An account of the resource The desktop study is on poverty and underdevelopment, which continues to be a matter of concern in the developing world. According to Chen and Ravallion (2008), about 1.4 billion people (one in four) lived on less than $1.25 a day in 2005. The above situation is likely to worsen in Africa where governments are failing to eradicate poverty alone. Giant transnational corporations (TNC) are increasingly called upon to champion poverty reduction in the continent. Notably, of the world’s 100 largest economic entities, 51 are giant TNCs and the world’s 200 largest corporations have combined sales that are greater than the combined GDP of all countries in the world. This desktop research assumes that bodies corporate are the key institutions for eradicating poverty in Africa; and so are called upon to make a significant contribution to the society that they operate in and depend upon for their economic and financial might. More specifically, this paper examines the role of giant TNCs in poverty reduction in a continent that has high poverty levels but endowed with plentiful resources Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Zimbabwe International Journal of Open & Distance Learning Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Africa corporate social responsibility gian poverty transnational corporations https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/cad94e00b8429b2548c691e64bf65aa6.pdf 9304b4e0d3472112e3068424ceb3f164 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POTENTIAL OF FARM-PRODUCED CROP RESIDUES AS PROTEIN SOURCES FOR SMALL-MEDIUM YIELDING DAIRY COWS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NOBBERT T. NGONGONI CLETOS MAPIYE MARIZVUKURU MWALE BARTHOLOMEW MUPETA MICHAEL CHIMONYO Description An account of the resource The nutritive value of fifteen crops and by-products were investigated in terms of the protein and energy value for rumen microbial protein synthesis using in-situ and mobile bag techniques. The sunflower feedstuffs and the cotton seed cake have low digested carbohydrates, which may limit optimum microbial protein synthesis, while forage legumes and cereals have higher digested carbo-hydrates (P< 0.05). Thus, one way of improving protein digestibility protein rich crops is to feed them with cereal crops. The cereal grains (maize, sorghum and pearl millet) and the forage legumes (groundnut and cowpea tops) showed a negative protein balance value, suggesting that nitrogen limited optimum microbial protein synthesis in relation to the available carbohydrates (P< 0.05). The nitrogen (N) content of the ram press sunflower cake (43 g/kg DM) was within the range of the N content found in the commercial dairy concentrates (32 - 57 g/kg DM). However, the N in the sunflower was more degradable in the rumen (92%) than that in the commercial dairy concentrate (P < 0.05). It can therefore, be concluded that the ram press sunflower cake is potential source of N for small-medium yielding dairy cows Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African Journal of Agricultural Research Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Crop residues digestible energy Microbial protein sunflowe https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8c3eed5cddda593cdf3cf35a1a5f0947.pdf 549f83d87f9453f791ad04596611733d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POOR PERFORMANCE OF PUPILS IN MATHEMATICS AT GRADE SEVEN EXAMINATIONS IN FARM SCHOOLS IN MREWA DISTRICT OF ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource RITTAH KASOWE Description An account of the resource This present study‟s main focus was to analyse the causes of poor performance of pupils in Mathematics at Grade Seven examinations in farm schools in Mrewa District of Zimbabwe. The research used the quantitative research methodology and adopted the descriptive survey design. The target population included all primary schools in Mrewa District in Matabeleland Province in Zimbabwe. Random sampling was used to arrive at a sample of 200 respondents made up of 117 females and 83 males. All the information was collected through a questionnaire. The study revealed that there was a serious shortage of human, material, financial and in fractural resources that negatively impacted on pupils‟ performance in the Grade Seven Mathematics examinations. There was also a very high teacher turn-over due to the poor working conditions as well as political volatility in the environment. The study recommends that teachers should not be allowed to transfer during the course of the year to allow for continuity and stability in the teacher establishment. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 and district Causes farm schools grade seven examinations poor performance pupils https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/aea4866e41718f011b0a816cb341d641.pdf 7ab276240f5dbfee84cd678e18775f88 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POLITICAL PARTIES Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. S. B. M. MARUME DR. A. S. CHIKASHA PROF. D. NDUDZO Description An account of the resource olitical Science studies domestic politics of a state or states, and contains political dynamics as one of its sub-fields of study which in turn has as one of its sub-sub-fields – political parties, a special topic for examination of this article. As a factual statement, political parties occupy an important place and play a significant role in the governmental process of a state having democratic political institutions. However, in countries with government systems characterized by a combination of authorization, a term which signifies non- democratic government, and democratic parties; parties resembling those found in democracies are likely to develop, but their importance depends on the degree to which representatives of the people are permitted to participate in the determination of governmental policy. Under thoroughly authoritarian governments the right to organize parties is either denied or confined to the membership of the ruling oligarchy. Consequently, party systems of the type which operate in a democratic or partly democratic environment fail to materialize. As events of the twentieth and 20th centuries and 21st centuries have demonstrated, authoritarian governments may be controlled by the leaders of an organization, known as a party, which monopolizes the field of organized political activity. Examples are the Communist Party of the former Russia; the Communist Party of China; and the socialist Party of Cuba under Fidel is Castro. Cases of this kind are often attributable to a combination of authoritarianism and totalitarianism. And in this article consideration is first given to the nature of political parties, to different varieties of parties, and to the functions which parties normally perform. Thereafter the discussion covers such matters as the character of party organization, the several kinds of party systems, and the reasons why political parties are invaluable in a democracy Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 authoritarian government authoritarianism and totalitarianism democracy political dynamics political participation political parties