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                <text>PUBLIC LIBRARIES AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS:&#13;
A CASE OF GWERU PUBLIC LIBRARIES ON THE ZIMBABWE&#13;
AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC&#13;
TRANSFORMATION (ZIMASSET)&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>MTHOKOZISI MASUMBIKA NCUBE</text>
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                <text>Access to information is an indispensable pillar underpinning&#13;
national development goals and sustainable development within communities.&#13;
Public libraries in Zimbabwe are expected to have mechanisms to support and&#13;
implement national strategies and policies, such as ZimAsset, to benefit the&#13;
communities they serve. However, public libraries in Gweru have not been&#13;
active in terms of propagating informational resources on ZimAsset. The&#13;
libraries were failing to propagate information on ZimAsset due to lack of&#13;
resources, this included financial, materials and human resources. In addition,&#13;
the study found out that the Mtapa and Mkoba 6 libraries were underdeveloped&#13;
to such an extent that they were not functional. The libraries should undertake&#13;
diverse fund raising activities to generate income and advocate for volunteers&#13;
and attachés. In addition, the library should undertake continuous needs&#13;
assessment to anticipate informational needs of its various clients to ensure that&#13;
the library provides relevant information on ZimAsset</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1066">
                <text>Int. J. Sustainable Society</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2017</text>
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        <name>Gweru community</name>
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        <name>national development</name>
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        <name>ublic libraries</name>
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        <name>ZimAsset</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwe</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwe agenda for sustainable socio-economic transformation</name>
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                <text>PUBLIC PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION&#13;
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                <text>DR. S. B. M. MARUME&#13;
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                <text>Public personnel administration, which is a significant aspect of public administration in the&#13;
modern state, is rightly described by Herman Finer, a renowned British social scientist, as the sovereign factor&#13;
in public administration. It is also called by such names as manpower management, personnel management,&#13;
labour welfare management, and so on. The term personnel administration is known to have a wider connotation&#13;
as it deals with numerous elements as classification is civil servants, recruitment, training, promotion,&#13;
compensation, discipline and retirement benefits of the personnel in the government. All these aspects constitute&#13;
the subject – subject of the article</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>International Journal of Business and Management Invention</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2016</text>
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        <name>and wider connotation</name>
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        <name>integral component manpower</name>
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        <name>labour welfare</name>
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        <name>public personnel administration</name>
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        <name>sovereign factor</name>
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                <text>PUBLIC PERSONNEL PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM (PPPAS)&#13;
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                <text>DR. S. B. M. MARUME</text>
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                <text>DR. A. S.CHIKASHA&#13;
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                <text>N. C. MADZIYIRE</text>
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                <text>Public personnel administration which is that specialized sub field of public administration,&#13;
concerns itself with the role of civil service in developing societies; classification of positions and ranks;&#13;
recruitment, selection, placement and retention; training; promotions; and utilization of human resources, pay&#13;
and service conditions (S.B. M. Marume; 1983 and 1988), for the purposes of meeting the needs of institutions,&#13;
employees and outside groups(W. Fox and Ivan H. Meyer. 1995:95 and S. B. M. Marume 2016). And public&#13;
personnel administration scientists, practitioners and researchers who are charged with the human resources&#13;
responsibilities must have a clear and sound understanding, amongst other things, of the personnel&#13;
performance appraisal system (PPPAS). They should also know the full implications of the following&#13;
fundamental public personnel performance appraisal question:&#13;
It is a traditional approach that is characterized by:&#13;
(a) mere evaluation, excluding the planning and development function;&#13;
(b) being linked with the financial rewards and sanctions; and&#13;
(c) being impersonal, bureaucratic, top down, secretive and centralized excluding participation of the&#13;
employee being assessed?&#13;
From the close analysis of the literature available, personnel psychologists industrial, scientists and researchers&#13;
strongly contend that:&#13;
(a) if the personnel appraisal approach is traditional evaluation, then it can hardly be humanistic and&#13;
motivating to an employee.&#13;
(b) instead such a personnel appraisal approach must be focusing more on filling forms giving quantitative&#13;
rather qualitative information and data.&#13;
(c) the obvious question arising from this is: what influence would such a public personnel performance&#13;
appraisal system (PPPAS) have on an employee’s future performance?&#13;
(d) it must be understood that a performance appraisal system is a management tool which can help motivate&#13;
and effectively utilize human resources and it includes public personnel performance planning (PPPP),&#13;
appraisal and counselling as essential elements</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>International Journal of Engineering Science Invention</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2016</text>
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        <name>motivation</name>
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        <name>planning and counsellin</name>
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        <name>public personnel performance appraisal system (PPPAS)</name>
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        <name>traditional approach</name>
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                <text>QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF HIV AND AIDS&#13;
IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>MUPA PAUL</text>
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                <text>This study investigated how quality assurance ensures quality teaching and learning of&#13;
HIV and AIDS in schools in Zimbabwe. The study was prompted by the continuous&#13;
increase in the spread of the HIV and AIDS pandemic which, in most cases, is under&#13;
reported. Primary school pupils are the window of hope and need proper teaching so that&#13;
from the early ages, they learn behaviour patterns which fight against the spread of the&#13;
epidemic. Using analytical framework drawn from Peter Senge (1990)’s systems theory&#13;
in quality assurance, the study examined the extent to which quality assurance practices&#13;
can improve the teaching and learning of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwean primary&#13;
schools. From global perspectives on the HIV and AIDS phenomenon, it has been argued&#13;
that quality assurance practices should be instituted to capacitate accountability&#13;
approaches towards self-regulation and continuous improvement in schools</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>QUALITY MATERIALS SCIENCE EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE&#13;
DEVELOPMENT THROUGH DISTANCE LEARNING: THE CASE FOR NIGERIA AND ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>GABRIEL KABANDA</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe is rich in human capital and natural resources, and is poised to achieve sustainable growth and development&#13;
mainly through human capital development. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of open and distance learning&#13;
(ODL) in materials science education. The major objectives of the research are to:&#13;
 identify and assess the main regulatory frameworks that apply to distance and online education in Nigeria and&#13;
Zimbabwe.&#13;
 ascertain the feasibility of offering materials science education programmes through open and distance learning&#13;
(ODL).&#13;
The methodology was mainly a qualitative case study focusing on Nigeria and Zimbabwe. The two countries were purposively&#13;
sampled to represent two distinct types of policy and regulatory environments. Data collection comprised literature and&#13;
document review, administration of questionnaires, and field visits to conduct interviews with relevant ministries, regulatory&#13;
agencies and selected universities. Data collection instruments were questionnaires and interview schedules.&#13;
Nigeria has a population of about 154,729,000 as at 2009, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population&#13;
density of 167.5 people per square kilometer. The National Universities Commission (NUC) regulates a total of 117 Universities&#13;
countrywide and provides accreditation at institutional, programme and course levels. Quality assurance is monitored to&#13;
promote standards and ensure safety with minimum academic standards. The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) is&#13;
currently the only Uni-mode University mandated for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in the delivery of university&#13;
education. There are about six universities which may be regarded as dual- mode universities with limited capacity to deliver&#13;
degree programmes by the ODL mode in addition to the conventional face-to-face mode. NUC has one of the best regulatory&#13;
frameworks in the world that promotes quality ODL programmes. The lessons learnt from Nigeria can be adapted and applied&#13;
to Zimbabwe and ZOU in the offering of degree programmes for materials science and courses in nanotechnology, through&#13;
ODL and e-learning.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Educational Research and Technology (IJERT)</text>
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        <name>Nigeria</name>
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                <text>QUALITY MATERIALS SCIENCE EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THROUGH DISTANCE LEARNING: THE CASE FOR NIGERIA AND ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>PROFESSOR GABRIEL KABANDA</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe is rich in human capital and natural resources, and is poised to achieve sustainable growth and&#13;
development mainly through human capital development. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use&#13;
of open and distance learning (ODL) in materials science education. The major objectives of the research&#13;
are to:&#13;
i) identify and assess the main regulatory frameworks that apply to distance and online education in Nigeria&#13;
and Zimbabwe&#13;
ii) ascertain the feasibility of offering materials science education programmes through open and distance&#13;
learning (ODL)&#13;
The methodology was mainly a qualitative case study focusing on Nigeria and Zimbabwe. The two countries&#13;
were purposively sampled to represent two distinct types of policy and regulatory environments. Data&#13;
collection comprised literature and document review, administration of questionnaires, and field visits to&#13;
conduct interviews with relevant ministries, regulatory agencies and selected universities. Data collection&#13;
instruments were questionnaires and interview schedules.&#13;
Nigeria has a population of about 154,729,000 as at 2009, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with&#13;
a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometre. The National Universities Commission (NUC)&#13;
regulates a total of 117 Universities countrywide and provides accreditation at institutional, programme&#13;
and course levels. Quality assurance is monitored to promote standards and ensure safety with minimum&#13;
academic standards. The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) is currently the only Uni-mode&#13;
University mandated for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in the delivery of university education. There&#13;
are about six universities which may be regarded as dual-mode universities with limited capacity to deliver&#13;
degree programmes by the ODL mode in addition to the conventional face-to-face mode. NUC has one of&#13;
the best regulatory frameworks in the world that promotes quality ODL programmes. The lessons learnt&#13;
from Nigeria can be adapted and applied to Zimbabwe and ZOU in the offering of degree programmes for&#13;
materials science and courses in nanotechnology, through ODL and e-learning</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe International Journal of Open &amp; Distance Learning</text>
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        <name>Distance Education</name>
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                <text>RAMIFICATIONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT MARKETING ON FIRM SURVIVAL: META- ANALYSIS&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The rapid proliferation of social media has transformed content marketing into a critical&#13;
strategy for firm survival in the digital age. This research paper synthesised the existing&#13;
literature to evaluate the impact of social media content marketing on organisational resilience&#13;
and longevity. By conducting a meta-analysis of 50 peer-reviewed studies published between&#13;
2010 and 2023, the paper identified key trends, outcomes, and challenges associated with social&#13;
media content marketing. Findings revealled that effective content marketing strategies, such&#13;
as storytelling, user-generated content, and influencer collaborations, significantly enhanced&#13;
brand visibility, customer engagement, and loyalty, which were critical for firm survival in&#13;
competitive markets. However, the study also highlighted potential risks, including&#13;
reputational damage from poorly managed campaigns and the high costs of maintaining&#13;
consistent, high-quality content. The paper further explored the role of platform algorithms,&#13;
audience targeting, and data analytics in optimising content marketing efforts. It emphasises&#13;
the importance of adaptability and innovation in responding to evolving consumer preferences&#13;
and technological advancements. The meta-analysis concluded that while social media content&#13;
marketing offerred substantial opportunities for firm survival, its success depended on strategic&#13;
planning, ethical practices, and continuous performance evaluation. This research contributed&#13;
to the broader discourse on digital marketing by providing evidence-based insights for&#13;
practitioners and scholars, ultimately guiding firms in leveraging social media to ensure long-&#13;
term sustainability.</text>
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        <name>Firm Survival</name>
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                <text>REAL ESTATE AND PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN THE&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>TOWINDO TICHAONA</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this thesis was to make an analysis of the challenges facing the real&#13;
estate and properties management industry in the city of Beira, Mozambique. This&#13;
research features both Policy Formulation and Management areas of study. In light of&#13;
this research, there is one major question that had to be considered: “What are the&#13;
challenges being faced by property owners, property seekers, property management&#13;
regulators, and real estate agents during the course of their business activities in the&#13;
city of Beira?”&#13;
This qualitative research was based on the premise that valuable data were collected&#13;
through conducting face-to-face interviews among the thirty participants in this study.&#13;
The thirty participants were made up of eight informal real estate agents, eight property&#13;
owners, eight property seekers, three formal real estate agents, and three local&#13;
government officials (property regulators). Six participants were purposively sampled&#13;
from each of the five major residential areas in the city of Beira.&#13;
The interviewees were asked about the major challenges affecting the real estate and&#13;
properties management industry. All the collected data were organized for entry into the&#13;
Qualitative Data Analysis Computer program. This is an Excel Spread Sheets based&#13;
program, whose results are summarized in a Pivot Table.&#13;
The results following this research show that the City of Beira is being faced with real&#13;
challenges whereby the property industry is being managed haphazardly. The study&#13;
revealed that there is little government or official private sector control to oversee the&#13;
industry. The study recommends the urgent need for the local government and the&#13;
private sector to intervene in the property management activities through setting up an&#13;
active national or local real estate board, and or local real estate committee. This board&#13;
or committee should serve to come up with laws and specific guidelines for these real&#13;
estate and properties management activities</text>
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                <text>REFRAMING SOCIAL POLICY IN AFRICA: LAND REFORM, YOUTH AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC WELFARE IN&#13;
ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>At a time when scholars and practitioners in Africa and the broader Global South are rethinking social policy in search of inclusive development and exploring pathways for averting  extraversion, focus on youth and land is essential. Both land (with its appended natural resources) and the youth are the facilitators and guarantors of current and future development. The article is based on data gathered through a sequential mixed methods approach in two rural districts of Zimbabwe (Mangwe and Zvimba in Matabeleland South and Mashonaland West provinces respectively) within the “Social Policy Dimensions of the Land and Agrarian Reform in International Perspective” research project. Setting the article apart from the dominant discourse in social policy framed by the Welfare Regime Paradigm or the Social Protection Paradigm, is adoption of the concept of Transformative Social Policy whose thrust are the social policy instruments of countries outside the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) context and their capability to resolve the structural causes of inequality, marginalisation and poverty. In this context, the article addresses four questions: a) What were the antecedents and objectives of the fast track land reform? b) What are the “youth gaps” in Zimbabwe’s land reform? c) How has access to land by the youth influenced socio-economic wellbeing at individual and household levels? d) How can the transformative outcomes of land reform – redistributive, productive, protective, reproductive and social compact – be improved through and for youth, and all? Overall, the article shows that land reform is a social policy tool, and the youth are central to improving its development outcome</text>
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                <text>The Zimbabwe Open University Journal of Applied Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>REIMAGINING CLIMATE JUSTICE AND ACTION FOR MARGINALISED VOICES IN ZIMBABWE: A KAIROS MOMENT&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Climate change is a major crisis that affects everyone, especially in developing countries like&#13;
Zimbabwe. It causes environmental problems and worsens economic inequalities, hitting&#13;
marginalised communities the hardest. If Zimbabwe seriously wants to take action on climate&#13;
change, it would allow ordinary people, those hardest hit by the phenomenon to contribute to&#13;
discussions, rather than spend millions to represent the views of politicians and members of the&#13;
elite. In this context, the 29th United Nations Conference of the Parties (COP29) serves as a salient&#13;
case in point, wherein Zimbabwe’s ostentatious delegation, replete with government officials,&#13;
symbolised a gross misalignment of resources and representation amid the nation’s pervasive&#13;
socio-economic turmoil. A lavish expenditure exceeding $2m for this elite assembly, as reported&#13;
by Tendai Ruben Mbofana, starkly juxtaposes the lived realities of everyday Zimbabweans&#13;
grappling with climate-induced adversities, hence raises significant ethical questions. According&#13;
to Mbofana, Zimbabwe’s representation at the summit of the United Nations Framework&#13;
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), popularly COP29, by sending a ‘bloated’ and ‘over-&#13;
flow’ of 238 elite delegates, exemplifies a ‘spectacle of excess rather than a meaningful opportunity&#13;
to contribute’ (UNFCCC 2024:n.p.) to the global discourse on climate change.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Interdisciplinary Ethical Research</text>
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                <text>RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY WEIGHT AND LINEAR BODY MEASUREMENTS AT&#13;
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                <text>NEVER ASSAN&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>his study aimed to evaluate the influence of dental age on predicting body weight (BWT) using Linear&#13;
body measurements (LBM) in 168 indigenous Matebele goat females of Zimbabwe. LBM and BWT were recorded at&#13;
various stages of permanent incisor eruption (PE): second pair (I2), third pair (I3), fourth pair (I4), full mouth (FM),&#13;
and broken mouth (BM). The LBMs were measured using a ruler and centimeter-calibrated tailor’s tape, while BWT&#13;
was measured using an electronic weighing scale in kilograms. The correlation between BWT and LMBs was assessed&#13;
using Pearson’s correlation and regression were used for data analysis. The highest correlation was observed between&#13;
body length (BL) and rump height (RH) (r = 0.70), while BWT and heart girth (HG) showed a significant correlation&#13;
(r = 0.68) (p&lt;0.05) at I2 stage. Simple regression models demonstrated good predictive power on BWT at the FM&#13;
stage for HG (R2 = 74%), BL (R2 = 65%), and WT (R2 = 53%) (p&lt;0.05). The predictive power of multiple regression&#13;
models for I3 was slightly reduced when non-significant components were removed. The findings suggest that HG is&#13;
the best predictor of BWT during the I3 to FM tooth eruption phases, supporting genetic improvement and selection&#13;
of replacement females based on LBM. The study concludes that dentition-based age determination influences the cor-&#13;
relation between BWT and LBMs in female indigenous goats, with the strongest correlation observed between I2 and&#13;
I4 eruption periods. Combining HG and RH can optimize body weight prediction for I3 females by reducing variables&#13;
in the model. The results highlight the importance of dentition-based age estimation and morphometric feature-based&#13;
body weight prediction in small ruminants, particularly in small-scale animal agriculture where scales and record-keep-&#13;
ing are often lacking</text>
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                <text>RELEVANCE AND FEASIBILITY OF MINI LIVESTOCK FARMING IN ENHANCING FOOD SECURITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Mini livestock is a sustainable form of animal production that&#13;
has significant potential for alleviating malnutrition and food&#13;
insecurity in Southern Africa. It should be considered as a normal&#13;
component of livestock and rural development which has the&#13;
capacity to improve nutrition and food security. It is very much&#13;
associated with increased food security as it lends itself to small scale&#13;
family production. This discussion looks at the opportunities of&#13;
utilizing mini livestock species as an alternative source of protein&#13;
solving the food insecurity challenges in Southern Africa. Mini&#13;
livestock production has diverse economic and social functions in&#13;
rural communities. It can be valued as one of the livestock sub&#13;
sectors having enormous potential for enhancing food security. The&#13;
conventional livestock production sector has been facing multiple&#13;
challenges as a result of rise in human population, urbanization and&#13;
climate change. This trend has lead to a rise in demand for livestock&#13;
products, which means meat productivity or the number of meat&#13;
animals will have to increase to meet the animal protein demand.&#13;
The protein production from conventional livestock has been falling,&#13;
as a result there is need for alternative sources of animal protein&#13;
supply. Focusing on mini livestock species as an alternative source of&#13;
protein may be just as important. Most animals in the mini livestock&#13;
class are promising in enhancing food security because they require little capital, equipment, space and labor. The discussion concludes&#13;
that mini livestock constitute an important reservoir of genetic&#13;
animal resources which has not been given adequate recognition.&#13;
However, it is envisaged the utilization of mini livestock will address&#13;
the animal protein challenges facing Southern Africa, especially in the&#13;
resource poor rural communities where the problem is most&#13;
apparent. Given the economic, social and ecological advantages of&#13;
mini livestock farming it is arguably deserves even greater attention.</text>
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                <text>Agricultural Advances</text>
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                <text>RELEVANCE AND SUITABILITY OF TRADITIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN PEACEBUILDING AND CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION: A CASE STUDY OF MASHONALAND CENTRAL PROVINCE,&#13;
ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>LIGHTON DUBE</text>
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                <text>This study explores the relevance and suitability of traditional institutions in peacebuilding and conflict&#13;
transformation during the periods 2002-2008 and 2009-2013 in Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe. The study&#13;
employed a mixed method approach combining questionnaires with community members, focus group discussions with&#13;
traditional chief`s council members and in-depth interviews with traditional chiefs. The findings indicate that traditional&#13;
institutions are suitable, relevant and appropriate in maintaining community peace. The study recommended that by&#13;
becoming apolitical and dealing with political disputes, would enhance and or improve the relevance and suitability of&#13;
traditional institutions in peacebuilding and conflict transformation in Zimbabwe.&#13;
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                <text>RELEVANCE OF MIXED METHODS&#13;
RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING A&#13;
FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITISING&#13;
RECORDS AND ARCHIVES&#13;
GODFREY TSVUURA&#13;
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This chapter discusses the relevance of mixed methods research in developing a framework for digitising&#13;
records and archives. Mixed methods research has never been extensively used to find solution to the&#13;
problems experienced in digitising records and archives. Digitisation, in general, has become a diverse&#13;
area whose problems cannot be solved with a mono research methodology. The application of both quan-&#13;
titative and qualitative techniques in finding solutions in the digitisation of records and archives would&#13;
help records and archives professionals to have a deeper understanding of the difficulties associated&#13;
with digitising records and archives, especially as the field is facing some rebirth due to advancement&#13;
in technology. Digitisation of records and archives is revolving and gaining momentum due to the shifts&#13;
of paradigms in techniques of record-keeping.</text>
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                <text>IGI Global</text>
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                <text>REPRESENTING, CONSERVING AND CELEBRATING NATURE: AN ANALYSIS OF&#13;
CHIFUNYISE’S TAKURA AND THE TALKING BRANCH: A COLLECTION OF TRADITIONAL&#13;
STORIES ON THE ENVIRONMENT&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>ANNA CHITANDO,</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>n Zimbabwe, children’s literature is an evolving, yet very crucial discipline that deals with topical issues such as lan-&#13;
guage, identity, culture, environmentalism and sustainable development. Located within the discourse on Zimbabwean&#13;
literature, this study argues that Zimbabwean children’s literature has not received adequate scholarly reflections, yet it&#13;
deals with critical issues, just like adult literature. The study appreciates positive developments in Zimbabwean chil-&#13;
dren’s literature by paying particular attention to Stephen Chifunyise’s Takura and the Talking Branch: A Collection of&#13;
Traditional Stories on the Environment (1995). Informed by Glotfelty and Fromm’s theory of eco-criticism (1996), the&#13;
study argues that children’s literature promotes environmental consciousness. The research critiques Chifunyise’s de-&#13;
piction of the themes of environmentalism and sustainable development in Takura and the Talking Branch: A Collection&#13;
of Traditional Stories on the Environment</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe International Journal of Open and Distance Learning</text>
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                <text>2012</text>
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        <name>Eco-criticism</name>
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        <name>Ecological Balance</name>
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        <name>Environmental Conservation</name>
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        <name>Environmentalism</name>
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        <name>Land Degradation</name>
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                <text>RESPONSE OF CLEOME GYNANDRA TO ANIMAL MANURE</text>
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                <text> REASON R CHARACHIMWE</text>
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                <text> Low inherent soil fertility and high cost of synthetic fertilizers are some o f the factors hindering&#13;
productivity of indigenous leafy vegetables. Response of Cleome gynandra to cattle, goat and chicken m anure was&#13;
thus evaluated at Horticulture Research Institute, Marondera, Zimbabwe. The field trial was laid out as a&#13;
Randomized Complete Block Design with seven treatments, replicated three times. Treatment levels comprised&#13;
application rates of 50t/ha, 30t/ha and 0t/ha for cattle, goat and chicken manures. Results showed significant&#13;
influence (P&lt;0.05) of manure on germination percentage, growth parameters and leaf yield. Goat manure performed&#13;
better than cattle and chicken manure with the highest germination, plant height and leaf yield of 100%, 48.2cm and&#13;
32.68t/ha respectively. Thus production of C. gynandra using goat manure is recommended for optimum yield.&#13;
However, further studies under different manure type combinations and the cost benefit analysis of usi ng animal&#13;
manures for C. gynandra production are also recommended.</text>
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                <text>REASON CHARACHIMWE&#13;
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                <text>Amaranthus is a relatively new and underutilized crop that has developed from being a weed to a vegetable in&#13;
many developing countries. However, its commercialization has been hampered by limited agronomic guidelines&#13;
that will facilitate large scale production of the vegetable. A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural&#13;
Research Centre in Marondera, Zimbabwe to investigate the response of Amarunthus cruentus to organic and&#13;
inorganic fertilizer. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments replicated&#13;
three times. The treatments used were 0 (control), 10, 15, 20t/ha cattle manure and four levels of inorganic&#13;
fertilizers 100, 200, 300, 400kg/ha NPK (7:14:7). Significant differences (P&lt;0.05) were observed with respect to&#13;
germination percentage, fresh yield, number of shoots, stem girth and plant height. All the inorganic fertilizer&#13;
treatments outperformed the organic fertilizer in all parameters assessed. Further research is recommended to&#13;
determine the appropriate rates of organic fertilizers for optimum performance.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)</text>
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        <name>Amarunthus cruentus</name>
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        <name>Organic fertilizer</name>
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        <name>Synthetic fertilizer</name>
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                <text>REVENUE CONSTRAINTS ON THE&#13;
IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE&#13;
DEVELOPMENT GOALS: COVID-19 PANDEMIC&#13;
IN AFRICA&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>TAFADZWA MOYO </text>
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                <text>KEITH TICHAONA TASHU</text>
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                <text>The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected domestic revenue mobilization&#13;
capacity of governments in Africa which significantly affected Sustainable&#13;
Development Goals (SDGs) implementation trajectory. This chapter focused on&#13;
examining the impact of the pandemic on sources of revenue more familiar for&#13;
African states which are income taxes, customs duty, value added tax, toll gate&#13;
fees, external finances and local government incomes. The chapter adopted a&#13;
qualitative case study approach through documentary search of books, journal&#13;
articles, government reports and working papers focusing on the implications of&#13;
the pandemic on revenue mobilization and effects on SDGs. Moreover, cases of&#13;
illicit financial flows, smuggling of goods, tax evasion and fiscal corruption due to&#13;
COVID-19-related restrictions have contributed toward low revenue mobilization&#13;
capacity of African countries. Owing to this, SDGs funding declined as evidenced&#13;
by poor health service delivery (Goal 3), unequal access to education especially in&#13;
rural isolated communities (Goal 4), and poor waste management and water&#13;
reticulation services (Goal 6). These challenges have amplified poverty and&#13;
inequality levels in these countries as well as reducing the quality of standard&#13;
of living. The chapter findings indicate that, the success of smoothly&#13;
implementing SDGs in African countries will largely depend on boosting their&#13;
own domestic revenues. Following an in-depth analysis of the research findings,&#13;
this chapter recommends governments to introduce tax reforms such as&#13;
expanding their revenue base and there is need to improve transparency and&#13;
accountability on revenue collection to reduce corruption and tax evasion. Con-&#13;
clusions can be drawn that the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened economic&#13;
woes which has resulted in low productivity capacity and revenue loss in these&#13;
African countrie</text>
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                <text>Springer Nature Switzerland AG </text>
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        <name>Economy</name>
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        <name>Equality</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="155">
        <name>poverty</name>
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        <name>Revenue</name>
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        <name>Sustainable Development Goals</name>
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        <name>Taxation</name>
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                <text>REVITALISING TRANSFORMATIONAL GOVERNANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: PERSPECTIVES FROM KENYA&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>JOSEPH AKUMA MISATI&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Efficient delivery of public services in Kenya and other developing countries has for long been hindered&#13;
by highly centralised governments. Recognising the need to achieve high economic growth and reduce&#13;
poverty-related inequalities, Kenyans persistently pushed for enhanced decentralisation of governance and&#13;
development. In response, government has over time initiated numerous reforms, key among them the&#13;
Vision 2030 blue print and a new constitution aimed at strengthening institutional capacities to improve&#13;
service delivery, enhance economic governance and promote citizen participation. Despite the gains made,&#13;
more needs to be done to enhance maximum direct participation of citizens. This paper documents the&#13;
reforms and their resultant impact on social development in Kenya. It is argued that while decentralisation&#13;
is a multi-faceted concept comprising three key typologies: Devolution, De-concentration and Participation,&#13;
the prevailing decentralisation initiatives in the past ignored the key element of citizen participation&#13;
leading to “public departicipation”. It is recommended that mainstreaming transformational leadership,&#13;
prudent utilisation of devolved funds and institutionalisation of transformed and reformed national and&#13;
county governance structures characterised by high-level executive capability consistent with a rapidly&#13;
industrialising country is prioritised. Adoption of e-governance leading to honesty and transparency will&#13;
facilitate the necessary transformative platform for the public sphere.</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe International Journal of Open &amp;amp; Distance Learning</text>
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                <text>2011</text>
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        <name>Devolved Funds</name>
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        <name>Participatory Governance</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="544">
        <name>Transformational Leadership</name>
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        <name>Vision 2030</name>
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                <text>RIGHT TO INFORMATION&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>DR. S. B. M. MARUME&#13;
</text>
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                <text> According to available literature on administrative behaviour in public administration, one of the&#13;
essential elements of public accountability and control in modern democratic societies is the aspect of right to&#13;
information. The concept of right to information is used to refer to the freedom of people to have access to&#13;
government information which means that the citizens and non-governmental organizations should enjoy a&#13;
reasonably free access to all files and documents pertaining to the governmental decisions, operations, and&#13;
performance. In other words, it means openness and transparency in the functioning of government. Thus, the&#13;
principle of openness and transparency looks antithetical to the factor of secrecy in public administration. As&#13;
rightly observed by Paras Kuhad, the factor of secrecy as a componental part of executive privilege or&#13;
transparency through right to information which of the two be adopted as a paradigm for governance. Both&#13;
factors offer public interest as their rationale but for entirely different explanations. The reasonable question&#13;
that arises is:&#13;
Can the two factors be harmonized to avoid apparent contradictory explanations and interpretations?&#13;
It is significant to note that in 1992, the World Bank released a document entitled” Governance and&#13;
Development”, which document has mentioned seven important elements of good governance one of them being&#13;
right to information and transparency. Therefore, the topical issue of right to information forms the subject of&#13;
this article</text>
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                <text>Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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        <name>and good performance</name>
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        <name>and paradigm for governance</name>
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        <name>decisions</name>
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        <name>freedom of people</name>
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        <name>governmental operations</name>
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        <name>openness and transparency</name>
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        <name>research</name>
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        <name>right to information</name>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>RIPENING STAGE AND DRYING METHOD AFFECTING COLOUR AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA FRUITS IN ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>LOVEJOY TEMBO&#13;
</text>
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                <text>Z.A CHITEKA&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>IRENE KADZERE&#13;
</text>
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                <text>FESTUS K AKINNIFESI&#13;
</text>
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                <text> F. TAGWIRA</text>
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                <text>Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk. (Ber) fruit is harvested at different stages of ripening in the Zambezi valley of&#13;
Zimbabwe. We hypothesize that the organoleptic quality attributes of fruits depend on post-harvest&#13;
drying method and ripening stage at harvest. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of&#13;
different stages of ripening on the quality of Z. mauritiana fruits during drying. The fruits were graded&#13;
into green, yellowish-brown and brown categories and these formed the treatments. Some of these&#13;
fruits were blanched before drying for 1, 2 and 3 weeks under the solar dryer and the open sun drying&#13;
methods. The green fruits lost significantly (P&lt;0.001) more weight during drying than the yellowish-&#13;
brown and brown fruits regardless of the drying methods. The development of browning was more on&#13;
the brown fruits than the green and yellowish-brown fruits</text>
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                <text>African Journal of Biotechnology</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>In the broader field of public administration, the concepts of public accountability and control&#13;
comprise the element of civic society which, according to the literature available, has come to enjoy much&#13;
social, political, administrative, and intellectual prominence and currency in recent years. Civic society,&#13;
however, has a fairly long history. In a traditional sense, the terms state and civic society were used inter-&#13;
changeably and much treated synonymously. This trend continued till the eighteenth century. George W. F.&#13;
Hegel was the first political philosopher who separated and differentiated civic society from State. He was&#13;
followed by Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels in the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, Antonio&#13;
Gramsei critically analyzed the concept of civic society which is the topic of this article.</text>
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                <text>Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science</text>
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                <text>ROLE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT OF SMALL TO MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES): A CASE STUDY OF CHIKWANHA BUSINESS CENTRE IN CHITUNGWIZA, ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>RUGARE CHITIGA&#13;
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                <text>The Zimbabwean economy declined in the past decades. Many industries&#13;
closed leading to mushrooming of the informal sector. Chikwanha has developed into a&#13;
hub of many SMEs involved in different activities. No study has been carried out to&#13;
ascertain how ICT has influenced the stock or inventory management of SMEs&#13;
activities at Chikwanha. This research study was aimed at determining the extent of&#13;
ICT influence in stock management. A qualitative approach was used. Interviews and&#13;
questionnaires were used in data generation. The findings showed that Internet was not&#13;
used despite the availability of iPads and smart phones in the market. The benefits of&#13;
Internet usage in trade and inventory management were not experienced. Limited&#13;
benefits such as accuracy, processing speed, theft and stock shortages reduction were&#13;
realized through the use of computers. However a number of challenges were faced.&#13;
The major challenge was that of lack and unreliability of electricity supply that affected&#13;
usage of computers. Lack of computer skills also hampered usage of computerized&#13;
inventory systems. It was recommended that the SMEs be staff-developed in the use of&#13;
computers. The use of iPads and smart phones should be encouraged</text>
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                <text>ROLE OF MENTORS IN THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF&#13;
STUDENT TEACHERS&#13;
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                <text>RITTAH KASOWE</text>
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                <text>The study investigated the extent to which teachers enhance the professional development of student teachers.&#13;
The purpose was to find ways of eradicating or covering the gap that existed between college lecturers and&#13;
school mentors as far as school based initial training is concerned. The study employed the descriptive survey&#13;
method, documents and interviews were used as research instruments. The population of the study was twenty&#13;
respondents 10 mentors and 10 student teachers who had just began their second year teaching practice. The&#13;
sample was chosen using purposive sampling. School administrators and senior teachers monitored the&#13;
recording of the diaries. This ensured a 100% data recording. It was found that mentors demonstrated a limited&#13;
understanding of the concept of mentoring and viewed colleges as better placed to help student teachers in&#13;
their professional development. There were no clear guidelines to be followed by mentors hence student&#13;
teachers received limited assistance, support and guidance from mentors. The study recommended further&#13;
research at macro level to find out the extent mentors were enhancing the professional development of student&#13;
teachers and the implications of school based initial teacher education in Zimbabwean education system</text>
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                <text>Prime Research on Education (PRE)</text>
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                <text>ROLE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN ENHANCING TOURISM DEVELOPMENT&#13;
AND CONSERVATION EFFORTS IN NATIONAL PARKS IN ZIMBABWE: INSIGHTS FROM&#13;
GONAREZHOU NATIONAL PARK&#13;
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                <text>PATIENCE MUTIZIRA</text>
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                <text>CATHRINE PAADA KWINJE</text>
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                <text>RICHARD TERERAI&#13;
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have gained traction as innovative management strategies&#13;
for national parks globally, yet their role in Africa, particularly within Zimbabwe's Gonarezhou&#13;
National Park, remains underexplored. This study investigates the impact of PPPs on tourism&#13;
development and conservation efforts in Gonarezhou National Park. The study used a&#13;
qualitative methodology. The study conducted 20 in-depth interviews. The participants were&#13;
purposively selected. Thematic analysis was employed to evaluate generated data, revealing&#13;
significant findings. Results indicated that PPPs have substantially improved infrastructure,&#13;
financial support, and specialized skills within the park, leading to enhanced visitor experiences&#13;
and increased wildlife conservation effectiveness. Despite these advancements, challenges that&#13;
that continue to exist hinder the full realization of PPP benefits including economic instability,&#13;
insufficient stakeholder consultation, and conflicting management objectives.&#13;
Recommendations included fostering inclusive stakeholder engagement, addressing economic barriers, and developing adaptive management frameworks that align diverse conservation&#13;
goals</text>
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