13 25 486 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/86d0a4d80c4aff5fe54025647a981524.pdf 08d1b746e066dd867280dae99f542bcf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ENGENDERED INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS IN SMALLHOLDER ANIMAL AGRICULTURE IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN MGCINI MOYO Description An account of the resource The subject of gender and animal agriculture has attracted attention in recent years, primarily from the need to addressing the gender divide and fulfilling the special needs of women in food production. Animal agriculture is severely constrained by the presence of a wide range of factors that affect both production and productivity of livestock, especially in the poor rural farming communities that don’t have the access to modern and/or conventional livestock management skills. Women in particular, face a number of interlinked constraints that reduce their sustainable contribution of indigenous knowledge to animal agriculture and food security. As a result of this scenario, enhancing animal agriculture; gender equality and utilization of indigenous knowledge as means of promoting food security and reduce poverty has been a challenge in Sub Saharan Africa. It is believed that within the small-holder livestock production systems which is characterized by a generally low input-output system, the sustainability of animal agriculture efforts need to consider indigenous knowledge system as a dominant factor in improving production. Identifying indigenous knowledge systems in animal agriculture that support women’s roles and effort as livestock owners, processors and users of livestock products while strengthening their decision-making power and capabilities, are key aspects in promoting women’s economic and social empowerment, and consequently provides a way to enable rural women to break the cycle of poverty. Women play an important role in animal agriculture through management, processing and marketing, acting as animal care providers, livestock feed gatherers, and animal birth attendants. They take care of milking of animals, although not all women control the sale of milk and its products. Raising awareness concerning the value of gendered indigenous knowledge related to the sustainable use and management of animal agriculture is crucial for alleviating food insecurity and enhancing rural development. The discussion attempts to explore the role of engendered indigenous knowledge systems as they relate to animal agriculture and their implications for improving animal agriculture and food security in Sub Saharan Africa. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF REVIEW Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Indeginous Knowledge Systems Smallholder animal agriculture Sub Saharan Africa https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/89974db1d010c97aa94818a2c836573f.pdf 132b5502839e0f5aaad546b0c16bdfaf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PROVIDED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION USE. NOT FOR REPRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION OR COMMERCIAL USE. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource One principal source of unsubstantial meat production efficiency in commercial small ruminants is high kid/lamb mortality, where a larger proportion of kid/lamb crop fails to reach marketable age resulting in immense economic losses. There is apparent evidence accrued through extensive studies which point to the fact that heredity and some non-genetic factors drive kid/lamb mortality in goats and sheep production. In this respect, mortality of kids/lambs may vary with genotype, nutrition, litter size, dam age and parity order, nutrition, sex and age of kid/lamb and season and year of kidding/lambing. The present review will give an insight on the influence of genotype, birth weight and birth status as determinants of mortality in goat and sheep. The resultant effect of genotype on kid/lamb mortality is associated with traits imparted to both dams and/or kid/lamb such as birth weight size related to difficult birth, kid/lamb viability after kidding/lambing and maternal characteristics. Low birth weight kid/lamb may die due to failure to adapt to life after birth, incompetence to sustain body temperature as a result of low energy body reserves at birth result into death, low kid/lamb potency and poor maternal attachment exposes kid/lambs to less survival chances. On the other hand, multiple birth has an adverse effect on kid/lamb survival due to lower birth weight as litter size increases, which is a lead factor to more hazard to mortality. The major reason for high mortality in underweight kid/lamb at birth is probably due to lack of suckling and/or exposure to low body temperatures. Mature dams give birth to heavier kids and provide enough milk to nursed kids/lambs promoting faster growth rates subsequently enhancing survivability of kids/lambs. There is potentiality of manipulation of husbandry practices focusing on ensuring that all born kids/lambs are as close as possible to the acceptable birth weight average for that specific breed of choice. It should be noted that due to multifaceted nature of the determinants of mortality it is reasonable to assume that appreciation of specific cause and occurrence of kids’/lamb mortality could be advantageous to minimise mortality rates. A total eradication of kid/lamb mortality is probably unachievable as a result partly targeting the control of both environmental and animal-related factors is of paramount importance. High kid/lamb mortality necessitate for good management practices and improved dam nutrition to support nursing of multiple birth, in addition to the exploitation of crossbred’s livability and survivability. The present review gives an insight on the determinants of mortality and associated factors in goat and sheep meat production Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Birth status Birth weight Genotype Goat Mortality Sheep https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/6f0320ec842e5882e17407fca6591bb4.pdf 19a4161fcac459e6589113bb291de6d6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GOAT PRODUCTION AS A MITIGATION STRATEGY TO CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY IN SEMI ARID TROPICS. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource Due to climatic variability in semi arid tropics, livestock production faces many challenges that threaten its viability. This is a review that looks at the potential of goat production as one of the many mitigating strategies in confronting climate change in semi arid tropics. The discussion focuses on specific goat ethological, morphological and physiological characteristics that have environmental adaptation implications. Physiological, behavioral and morphological responses let goats effectively thrive in unfavorable climate change induced environmental conditions. These responses are important in matching goats to specific environmental conditions and ensuring a sustainable level of production. Severe feed shortages resulting from changes in rainfall pattern, and water scarcity are some of the major climate change induced environmental stressors, which have caused livestock capacity decline. Their negative influence on livestock production calls for use of adapted livestock species to cope with unavoidable climate change effects. Goats have shown to be a remarkable animal species that possess distinctive qualities enabling it to excel efficiently in harsh tropical environments. As climate change takes a center stage in defining livestock productivity in semi arid tropics, there is greater need to stress what type of livestock species to keep. Therefore, the selection of adapted livestock species will be critical in sustaining productivity under this increasingly challenging environment. Identification of livestock species adaptable to semi arid tropics, is recommended for achieving sustainable levels of production. This is on the understanding that selection of adapted livestock species counteracts the negative effects of climate change in such a way that productivity can be maintained and improved. While other species tend to be highly vulnerable, goats have evolved a unique and fascinating array of physiological, morphological and reproductive characteristics, which have contributed to their survival and proliferation in unique unfavorable tropical environmental niches. This points to the fact that promotion of goat production may be a viable mitigation strategy in the context of climate change. It is thus suggested that as climatic variability worsens, goats will assume a critical role in livestock production due to their adaptive features, such as feeding behavior, disease and heat tolerance. These behavioral, morphological and physiological characteristics enable goats to effectively cope with the stressful nature of the vast semi arid tropics. The discussion concludes with the understanding that promotion of goats becomes a key component of semi arid tropics livestock production systems. Due to goats’ numerical strength and greater adaptability to varying harsh tropical environmental conditions, they offer a compelling solution to livestock production capacity utilization to minimize destabilizing factors associated with the uncertainties of climate change. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Animal Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Adaptation Climate change Goat production Keywords Mitigation Semi-arid tropics https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/3183024ff9dd43a3a322c1c2b14b683e.pdf 068e8da42f6b7059e54defe6b5ff8d3d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource MANIPULATING NUTRITION FOR IDEAL CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY PARAMETERS IN GOAT AND SHEEP PRODUCTION Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource Nutrition is an important component of the goat and sheep meat production systems and plays a vital role in promoting ideal carcass characteristics and meat quality properties. Goats and sheep diets can impact not merely growth performance but as well as carcass and meat properties that are acceptable to modern day consumers who have become sensitive to the quality of meat and meat products. Of significance, dietary composition can be manipulated towards acquiring desirable dressing percentage, carcass characteristics and meat quality properties in goats and sheep. It cannot be overemphasized that dressing percentage and meat yield directly respond to optimal dietary regime as a result manipulation of dietary constituencies especially energy and protein have been designed to produce acceptable carcass and meat properties. However, the existence of interactions of nutrition with other non-genetic factors in influencing carcass traits and meat quality properties in goats and sheep, cannot be overlooked. Apart from dietary composition influencing carcass yield and meat quality properties, overall dietary impact appears to vary with sex of animal, age and weight at slaughter. Optimal plane of nutrition will enhance goat and sheep performance, while inadequate dietary protein, energy, minerals and vitamins proportions have been interrelated to negative impact on carcass parameters and meat quality properties. It is important that the nutritional constituents be accurately balanced in order to attain optimum dressing percentage, carcass yield and meat quality properties. Feed resources of every description have been fed for their nutritional value with different responses on their influence on carcass parameters and meat quality properties. Therefore, there are conspicuous differences of ration formulas on their impact on dressing percentage, carcass parameters, and meat quality properties. A balanced dietary composition become predictable critical component of which can impose a positive influence on carcass traits and meat quality properties. In order to get maximum response for carcass portions as a result of prescribed nutritional regime, animal should be slaughtered at an appropriate age and weight, and also sex to slaughter might need to be considered. The present review gives an insight of the impact of nutrition on dressing percentage, carcass characteristics and meat quality properties in goats and sheep. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Zoology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/3846db6a1792110c6f9d78f1e18c5549.pdf 046534c494a586e3a4abd2856c56488e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource INDICATORS OF REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN GOATS AND SHEEP MEAT PRODUCTION Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource Reproductive performance is a major contributing factor to the efficiency of goat and sheep meat production. Therefore, enhancement of reproductive capacity of goat and sheep flocks is among the most effective mechanisms of increasing the overall meat production. There is an inessential difference between productivity and reproductivity, as almost of the reproductive parameters are the ones that greatly influence production, consequently the viability of any goat and sheep enterprise: stated differently, production is equal to reproduction. Reproductive performance and its interactions on the productivity of goats and sheep flocks, especially with regards to the management of each ewe’s/doe’s lifetime production (female replacement determination), are structural grantors of a complex biological system that determine meat yield. The principal goal of goat and sheep reproduction is to iterate generations for a specified production intention, first and foremost meat, milk or wool as defined by species or breeds and their crosses and in special circumstances, the production of animals of superior economic priority. Some of the measures of reproductive performance include parameters such as survival rate, prolificacy, sexual maturity, lambing age and interval, conception rates, kid/lambs weaned per year etc. Reproductive characteristics are sensitive to environmental factors as a result can easily adapt to sound flock reproductive management practices. More or less important variables goat and sheep farmers need to attentively consider to promote reproductive performance are age of animals, weather, season, and nutrition. There is evidence that nutrition and management are major determinants of kids’/lambs survival rates, while genetic has been a dominant factor controlling prolificacy. Regardless of the fact that genetics of animals is important in goat and sheep reproduction, reproductive traits are lowly heritable as a result any attempt to genetically improve reproductive efficiency becomes slow and difficult. This entails reproductive efficiency through genetic selection is completely implausible. It is assumed that understanding the measures of reproduction, especially females in order to attain an optimum number of new-born of the required attributes at the most convenient time and at a minimum cost is critical for mutton and chevon producers. The earlier the replacement females starts to give birth to young ones, the more the young ones they produce in their life time, and also the longer the females’ productive life as a result contributing to long term flock productivity. Protracted kidding/lambing interval will reduce overall productivity in goats and sheep meat production, while persistent check on reproductive indicators throughout all phases in the reproductive cycle allows producers to adopt husbandry management practices that are meant to optimise overall meat productivity in goats and sheep. The present review gives an insight on some of the indicators of reproductive performance and their possible impact on the overall productivity in goats and sheep meat production Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Animal Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Goats Meat production Reproductive indicators Sheep https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/a8f04cdb6e1f27c3aff150836961d457.pdf 27c3037a805afba76c719ee8361d8add Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SEX/AGE OF KID/LAMB AND DAM AGE/PARITY AND MANAGING DAM NUTRITION AS DETERMINANTS OF MORTALITY IN SMALL RUMINANTS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource Mortality is one of the prime after effect on viability of commercial goat and sheep meat production efficiency, through its consequential compromised ewe/doe performance and economic losses in production. Several factors are potential determinants of kid/lamb mortality such as birth type, sex and age, birth weight, dam’s milk yield, parity order, dam age, dam weight and condition etc. However, the present review will focus on sex/age of kid/lamb, dam age and parity, and dam nutrition/season as determinants of kid/lamb mortality. Although results on the influence of sex on mortality has been inconsistent, several studies have reported a trend where mortality rates have been sex biased in goat and sheep. Male kids/lambs have lower survival rates and higher mortality hazard ratios as compared to female kids/lambs. Mortality is highest during the initial phase of kid/lamb life and have a propensity to decline as age progresses. Kids/lambs delivered to low parity order dams have low chances of survival due to poor maternal instinct. The advancement of maternal behavior gets better with parity order, as parity order progresses maternal instinct is consolidated. On the other hand, improvement in dam nutrition will enhance dam milking capacity which has been associated with high survivability of kids/lambs. This entails understanding of nutritional management of dams becomes an essential tool to curtail mortality in goats and sheep. Kidding/lambing season should coincide with seasonal availability of high quality forage to feed nursing dams hence high survivability of kids/lambs. The present discussion will give an insight on the influence of sex/age, dam parity and dam nutrition/season as determinants of mortality in goat and sheep meat production Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Crop Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/b760c978e0ca832af05056208e2e30c8.pdf abe21d2266481392f40440c5f7765477 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SEX, AGE OF ANIMAL AND WEIGHT AT SLAUGHTER AS EXPLANATORY VARIABLES FOR CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY PROPERTIES IN GOATS AND SHEEP PRODUCTION Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource Slaughtering kids/lambs at specified age and weight of specialized goat and sheep meat breeds might promote high muscle deposition and a desirable carcass fat cover, culminating into meat with a more adequate nutritional profile and health properties for human consumption. In this case, animal factors such as sex, age and weight at slaughter play a central role as the primary explanatory variables on meat yield and quality of carcass parameters in goat and sheep production. The discussion on determinants of carcass and meat quality properties is complex given that the diversity of goat and sheep meat breeds, both early and late maturing is considerable, over and above exploited as is the practice in non-identical production systems. Of interest goats and sheep in most cases are accordingly slaughtered at different weights and age, and on the other hand, specific markets have preferred sex of animal for slaughter. However, taking cognisance of the above, carcass and meat parameters are influenced by various non-genetic effects, hence the knowledge on these factors and their interactions becomes of paramount importance in order to produce desirable meat quality for specified markets and consumers’ preference. A linear relationship between carcass yield with age at slaughter has been reported in goats and sheep, there is a tendency of carcass weight increasing as the age of the animal increases. Sex dependency on carcass and meat parameters has been inconsistent in goats and sheep, however, most studies show that sex greatly influence carcass and meat quality properties. Compromised dressing percentage in goats and sheep due to higher slaughter weight, could be explained by the lightest animals lacking perfectly developed digestive tracts. Against this background, age at slaughter explicitly influences meat quality, particularly with regards to tenderness of meat derived from young animals. The differential carcass status in young and mature animals is due to increased fat deposition in older animals than in younger ones, while fat tissue increases with increased slaughter weights. Complexity of determination of desirable carcass and meat parameters is ascribable to interaction of many variables, hence it is imperative to appreciate the role of each component by appropriately factoring their influence in any slaughter decision, where animals could be slaughtered at given age and weight to meet specified objectives of a particular market requirements. Producers operating in different production systems might not duplicate factors such as age, weight and sex of slaughter because they utilise different genotypes, and the prescribed nutritional regime in non- identical production systems will weigh heavily on the outcome of carcass and meat parameters. The interaction of all these factors (genotype and non-genetic factors) at different levels as influenced by the market expectations will decide the economics of goat and sheep meat production. This present review will give an insight on some non-genetic effects that influence carcass and meat quality properties namely sex, age and weight at slaughter Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Review Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Age Carcass Goat Meat Sex Sheep Weight https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/2fbff2a7161b1616c42591dde4f56296.pdf 0f179adf5db933d4cbed11dd854c6b73 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SYSTEMATIC CROSSBREEDING AND ITS IMPACT ON CARCASS PARAMETERS AND ASSOCIATED MEAT QUALITY PROPERTIES IN GOATS AND SHEEP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource The major focus of any commercial goat and sheep enterprise is to maximize on carcass and meat production and obviously realizing substantial gain in profits. In modern goat and sheep meat production, crossbreeding has become an admissible and accelerated strategy to produce carcasses that ensure the point of departure for leaner meat, in addition to consumer acceptable carcass properties. It has become a norm that genetic manipulation for desired carcass and meat quality in small ruminants can be achieved through crossbreeding. There is considerable individual, maternal and paternal heteroses for carcass and meat quality properties in goat/ sheep crosses. In this regard, crossing of genetic distant goat/sheep breeds fortifies the degree of manifestation of carcass and meat quality performance results. In practice noticeable commercial gains have been achieved in improving carcass and meat quality properties through crossing indigenous and exotic goats’/sheep breeds, especially in low input production systems. It should be noted that the inconsistency on end results on the impact of crossbreeding on carcass and meat quality parameters is due to various non-genetic factors that are experienced in different production systems. Carcass and meat value is influenced by a significant number of different factors where the uttermost importance are genotype, nutrition, sex, age and weight at slaughter and management. In this case, comparability of results of crossbreeding on carcass and meat quality performance in different production systems have been debatable and complicated, due to the fact that in certain cases crossbred animals are slaughtered at the same age and varied sex, and/or different age and same sex, possibly differing in weight at slaughter. The differentiated nutritional management in extensive versus intensive production systems is critical in determining the quality carcass and/or meat in crossbred goat and sheep. Consumers have been the major prescribers of the intended form of carcass and meat quality proponents’ world over, especially in developed countries. In this regard crossbreeding has been strategically used to customise meat production to the needs of various production systems, in terms of carcass and meat attributes seem acceptable by different host markets and consumers’ expectations. However, it has been acknowledged that not necessarily every crossing is adapted for breeding to guarantee comparable desired carcass and meat quality parameters, hence different combination of two-breed and to a lesser extent three-breed crossing of selected populations of goats and sheep have been used to carter for the needs of different production systems and markets. Against this background, the application of any systematic crossbreeding strategy should take into account the appropriate breed combination by selecting right population to fulfill efficient goat/sheep meat production. Crossbreeding capitalize on genetic distance through utilizing superior specialized maternal and paternal breeds/lines for the purpose of maximizing their superiority, diluting their flaws for improved performance in carcass and meat quality parameters. Basically, crossbreeding is not one size fits all, in conformity with expanded genetic diversity of goat and sheep breeds and differential production systems, no one combination of specific breeds will work for multiple production systems. The purpose of the present review is to give an insight on the impact of crossbreeding on carcass and meat quality parameters in goats and sheep Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (2020) 9(7) 945-955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Carcass Meat Crossbreeding quality Goat Sheep https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/0d206f5b6bbb07adc65fa13713f8f8bb.pdf ec7ef5129272f0637ae19f5db5cf0655 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource WEANING AGE/TIME BASED MODEL INFLUENCING PERFORMANCE IN GOATS AND SHEEP MEAT PRODUCTION Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource Weaning is an essential animal husbandry intervention which has<br />been associated with nutritional stress that interferes with both animal’s<br />behavioral and physiological responses consequently influencing post<br />weaning growth performance in goats and sheep production. The timing<br />of weaning and/or weaning age of kids/lambs becomes critical in<br />determination of flock performance with the intention of maximizing<br />meat productivity and improving profitability. There are two possibilities<br />that exist in deciding on weaning age of kids/lambs, thus early and late<br />weaning, however, the decision on when to wean is dependent mainly<br />on the production environment and purpose, as well as the dam<br />welfare. Age at weaning differ greatly in sheep and goats, therefrom 14<br />days to natural weaning, and exceeding four months of age. In sheep<br />production effective early weaning has been practiced untimely at 14<br />days; in goats’ kids have been weaned early successfully at 28 days. Early<br />weaning is considered traditionally weaning ahead of the 90 days of age;<br />60 days is most widely used; age thereafter qualifies for late weaning.<br />The age at weaning greatly influences post weaning animal<br />performance, however if not timed properly it would impact negatively<br />also on weaner survival rates. Weaning itself is a very stressful<br />procedure and subjecting kids/lambs to further stress which directly<br />impinge on the kid/lamb’s immunity consequently increasing their<br />susceptibility to diseases and reduced weight gain. There is need for age<br />of weaning to balance the potential positive impacts on the ewes/does<br />to rebreed, with potential negative impacts on the kid/lamb growth<br />performance and survivability. Early weaning has become an effective husbandry practice especially in advanced goat and sheep production<br />systems, which focuses on shortened female breeding reproductive<br />cycle, while enhancing meat productivity through increased frequency of<br />kidding/lambing. It is important to consider weaning age in relation to<br />nutritional strategies which provide adequate time for diet transition<br />which is intended not to compromise feed utilization and feed<br />conversion efficiency in kids/lambs consequently reducing growth<br />performance. The effectiveness of weaning age and anticipated live<br />weight gains post-weaning is dependent on nutritional management<br />especially concentrate supplementation which may promote<br />performance and productivity in pastured based systems. Late weaning<br />is probably convenient for less prolific goat and sheep breeds and<br />genotypes not selected for their growth potential. It should be<br />acknowledged that there is interaction between weaning age with other<br />factors such as nutrition, sex and weight of animal. Some of the goat and<br />sheep producers worldwide have shifted to use of weight based<br />weaning model, similar age but with different weights, heavier lambs<br />have superior development efficiency during lactation. The present<br />review gives an insight on the consequences of early and late weaning<br />on animal’s post weaning performance in small ruminants Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Goats Performance parameters Sheep Weaning age https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/f8d2cbd29b68aec25c55db87609a341f.pdf e20aac9d0557fba2d0bff6dab2d38702 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PROSPECTS FOR INDIGENOUS CHICKENS GENETIC IMPROVEMENT AND CONSERVATION IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource The multitude functions of indigenous chickens, which include the provision of high quality protein meat and eggs, cash through sales and socio-cultural roles, cannot be underestimated. Indigenous chickens is one of the genetic resources which Zimbabwe has failed to give adequate attention for the betterment of the majority of the rural poor population. Despite the indigenous chickens dual selected and raised for meat or egg production, there does remain a considerable and largely unexploited genetic potential for increased production. The review explores the prospects for indigenous chickens genetic improvement and conservation in on the background that indigenous chicken are a heterogeneous population with no standardized characteristics and performance. This is mainly due to environmental and genetic constraints with bright prospects for genetic manipulation or Considerable genetic differences exist between local indigenous chickens populations, and production rates of local populations should be evaluated before introducing genetic improvement programs. The reported among population genetic diversity the degree to which populations differ and can assist in improvement and conservation efforts Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/6e33e390a7b3dff11b9bf88e77906639.pdf ef75d6748294a81ce3c34f1e5270519a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CONSEQUENCES OF STAGE OF LACTATION ON YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN SHEEP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource The stage of lactation was an important source of variation on the contents of all milk components in most studies. A systematic studies on the influence of lactation stage on milk yield and milk composition is of foremost importance to evaluate the milk production ability of milking animals. However, it logical to note that the shape of the lactation curve that describes the level of milk yield in the course of lactation differs among the different species. The highest total solids and fat contents were observed in the late lactation stage, which might be due to low milk yield. There was no variation in solids non-fat content during the different lactation stages, which implies that the variation in total solids was actually influenced by the variation in milk fat. Therefore, the present discussion attempt to explore the influence of stage of lactation on milk yield and milk composition in sheep Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Sheep Stage of lactation Yield Composition https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/c7d8fbdd22a4dd442af6c32820ac126c.pdf afbd4617d5a936d2ca18347f4f4d875b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource FACTORS AFFECTING YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN DAIRY ANIMALS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource Milk is a nutritious, cost-efficient source of protein, minerals and vitamins. Cattle, goats and sheep have been the major sources of milking for human consumption. However, these species’ milk yield and composition is known to be influenced by genetic and non-genetic factors. This is on the background that genetic factors such as the genotype are difficult to control, unless through selective breeding. There are variations in milk yield and composition, not only between, but also within species, because of diversity among genotypes, management practices, stage of lactation, etc., and also interactions among these factors. These environmental and physiological factors (stage of lactation, pregnancy, prolificacy, etc) greatly influence the amount and composition of milk that is actually produced. Some non-genetic factors, such as the nutrition and management of the milking animals can be manipulated by the dairy farmer to improve milk yield and produce high quality milk. This book attempts to explore the influence of genetics a n d some non-genetic factors on yield and milk composition in cattle, goat and sheep Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Lambert Academic Publishing Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 diary animals milk https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/7a792f5335c8ff7c04b323a7b7d4d162.pdf b1dd46387452920f736ec0513f5f35f7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource THE EFFECT OF AGE ON PREDICTION OF BODY WEIGHT FROM BODY LINEAR MEASUREMENTS OF FEMALE INDIGENOUS MATEBELE GOAT IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN MACHEL MUSASIRA NICHOLAS MWAREYA KWENA MOKOENA THOBELA LOUIS T YASI ENOCK MUTEYO Description An account of the resource The primary goal of the study was to establish models for predicting body weight (BW) using linear body measurements (LBMs) in indigenous Matebele does. BW data were correlated and regressed to body measurements (wither height = WTH, heart girth = HG, body length = BL, and rump height = RH) using linear and multiple linear regression of Statistical Package SS. A total of 127 does of different ages of 2yrs (N=26), 3yrs (N=34), 4yrs (N=32), and 5yrs (N=35) were used in the study. The strongest association (r = 0.89) was observed between HG and BW in 5-year-old females, and (r = 0.73) between WTH and BW. In 2-year-old females, BL was associated with RH (r = 0.89) and WTH (r = 0.88). In does aged 4 years, the coefficients of correlation between BW and all LBMs were high and positive. The best fits were found for all different age groups when all four LBMs were included in the model, with 2yr (R2 = 0.599), 3yr (R2 = 0.624), 4yr (R2 = 0.97), and 5yr (R2 = 0.845). With increasing dam age, predictive power strengthens. In the 4yr age group, linear body measures (R 2 = 0.638) and BL (R 2 = 0.501) provided satisfactory predictors of body weight as single factors. The findings indicate that the body weight of does in native Matebele goats of different ages could be calculated in the field using linear body measures obtained with a tape measure if there was no available weighing equipment Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Journal of Animal Health and Production Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Bivariate correlation Heart girth Linear body measurements Regression https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/85ea87199ecb8a80c3ce36375bb91800.pdf 7524be9e1856622b97153d6f30fafe48 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource THE ROLE OF FEED RESOURCES IN OPTIMIZING REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN GOATS AND SHEEP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN CHAMPAK BHAKAT PRINCE CHISORO ENOCK MUTEYO PRINCE CHISORO ENOCK MUTEYO Description An account of the resource Reproductive performance in sheep and goats is significantly influenced by the type of food and nutrition consumed. Dietary environment significantly impacts sheep and goat reproductive processes, ranging from minor adjustments in ovulation frequency on suboptimal diets to complete shutdown in adverse nutritional indicators due to adverse nutritional environment. The study explores the influence of different feed resources (traditional and non-traditional) on reproductive performance in goats and sheep, emphasizing the need to understand this to optimize productivity and prevent nutrient deficiencies that can negatively impact reproductive hormones, fertility, and fetal development. Nutrition plays a crucial role in reproductive functions, particularly in small ruminant production, with inadequate nutrition negatively impacting reproduction, especially in females. Grazing is the primary source of nutrition for these animals, and the quality of grazing directly affects their reproductive capacity. Nutritional imbalance can alter reproductive outcomes and pose a life-threatening threat to both mother and offspring. The type, quantity, and composition of feed resources fed to sheep and goats can influence reproduction, particularly during the breeding season. Seasonal feed shortages and poor fodder quality can hinder the reproductive success of grazing animals. Focus feeding strategy focuses on understanding the physiological mechanisms affecting reproduction in female small ruminants to improve their reproductive performance. To maintain sustainable production, the discussion provides direction in selecting suitable feed resources, feeding practices, and reproductive and nutritional scope. Feed resources can be classified into classical and non-classical types, with classical feed resources traditionally used in the commercial sector. To ensure optimal reproductive outcomes, sufficient nutrition and high-quality feed resources are essential. The study offers valuable insights into the intricate connections between feed resources and reproductive performance in goats and sheep, guiding strategies for enhancing fertility and productivity Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Feed Resources Goats Nutrition Reproductive Efficiency Sheep https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/225759cfc3a88e7793d04ce84515cd38.pdf 0d37d4b469a948302f4d5cc2081b11d0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource TUTOR EFFECTIVENESS: CONCEPTIONS OF STUDENT TEACHERS AT ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY IN MASVINGO NGARA ROSEMARY ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY, ZIMBABWE NGWARAI RICHARD Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NGWARAI RICHARD Description An account of the resource Tutoring is an age - old practice .There are some requisites for tutors to be effective. Content knowledge is an essential ingredient for effective tutoring and many other personal attributes. If a tutor is received as genuine and having a genuine desire to listen, students will be willing to open up and discuss their problems. Good mastery of subject matter by the tutor contributes to tutor effectiveness as students turn up for tutorials if they feel they benefit from tutors` contributions. Much of the quality of tutoring depends on the attitude of the instructor and their capabilities in using technology. Research suggests that the effectiveness of distance learning is based on preparation, excellent communication skills and the instructors’ understanding. A survey was conducted at Zimbabwe Open University in Masvingo region to establish tutees’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the tutors’ teaching courses in the Bachelor of Education in Early Childhood Development Programme (BECDECD) using questionnaires. Respondents were of the opinion that most tutors had impressive subject mastery and were usually thoroughly prepared for tutorials and methodology used was viewed by most participants as suitable. However, there were sentiments that tutors hardly communicated with students outside tutorial sessions. Tutors’ marking was viewed as communicative, but feedback was not timely and tutors did not use any modern teaching media. Some of the personal attributes such as openness, humility and accessibility were viewed as wanting on the part of some tutors. The study recommended that more tutor workshops be run to emphasize and reemphasize essential ingredients of effective tutoring and that the tutors make use of technology available at the regional campus, among other things Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available European Social Sciences Research Journal Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Early Childhood Development tutor effectiveness https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/cad94e00b8429b2548c691e64bf65aa6.pdf 9304b4e0d3472112e3068424ceb3f164 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POTENTIAL OF FARM-PRODUCED CROP RESIDUES AS PROTEIN SOURCES FOR SMALL-MEDIUM YIELDING DAIRY COWS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NOBBERT T. NGONGONI CLETOS MAPIYE MARIZVUKURU MWALE BARTHOLOMEW MUPETA MICHAEL CHIMONYO Description An account of the resource The nutritive value of fifteen crops and by-products were investigated in terms of the protein and energy value for rumen microbial protein synthesis using in-situ and mobile bag techniques. The sunflower feedstuffs and the cotton seed cake have low digested carbohydrates, which may limit optimum microbial protein synthesis, while forage legumes and cereals have higher digested carbo-hydrates (P< 0.05). Thus, one way of improving protein digestibility protein rich crops is to feed them with cereal crops. The cereal grains (maize, sorghum and pearl millet) and the forage legumes (groundnut and cowpea tops) showed a negative protein balance value, suggesting that nitrogen limited optimum microbial protein synthesis in relation to the available carbohydrates (P< 0.05). The nitrogen (N) content of the ram press sunflower cake (43 g/kg DM) was within the range of the N content found in the commercial dairy concentrates (32 - 57 g/kg DM). However, the N in the sunflower was more degradable in the rumen (92%) than that in the commercial dairy concentrate (P < 0.05). It can therefore, be concluded that the ram press sunflower cake is potential source of N for small-medium yielding dairy cows Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African Journal of Agricultural Research Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Crop residues digestible energy Microbial protein sunflowe https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/7f0cc032f3d305382f2065e03ab98cfb.pdf 2750bb56cb8a51b838997e30f7b450cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC DOWNTURN ON WORK-LIFE BALANCE ACROSS SELECTED SECTORS OF INDUSTRY IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NOMALANGA DHENDE DR. ANGELA MAPOSA Description An account of the resource Economic downturns have significantly disrupted work-life balance for employees in Zimbabwe, intensifying stress and making it increasingly difficult to manage personal and professional responsibilities. This study aimed to examine the impact of economic instability on work-life balance across selected industry sectors in Zimbabwe. A qualitative research design was employed, focusing on the lived experiences and perceptions of employees. The research population for this study covered all employees from the selected sectors of industry but for purposes of feasibility, a purposive sample of 30 participants was drawn from six sectors: agriculture, food processing, retail (supermarkets), automotive, education and health, with five participants from each sector. Findings revealed that economic challenges led to longer working hours, reduced job security and limited organisational support, all of which contributed to poor work-life balance. Participants reported increased work-related stress and difficulty meeting family obligations. The study recommends that policymakers and employers implement flexible and supportive workplace policies to mitigate the impact of economic disruptions. Adaptable strategies are essential to sustain employee well-being and maintain industrial productivity during periods of economic hardship. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Zimbabwe Journal of Business, Economics and Management Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 economic downturn impact sectors of industry Work-Life Balance https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/3ca0f17cae4bcd3751023a411e6e4c96.pdf a8137ced04f716250c57fad0c38cb904 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED DURING THE PROCESS OF SHIFTING FROM ODL TO ODEL IN HIGHER EDUCATION: THE CASE OF ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NOMALANGA DHENDE DR. ANGELA MAPOSA Description An account of the resource The challenges that higher education institutions face when switching from Open and Distance Learning (ODL) to Open, Distance and e-Learning (ODeL) are examined in this research. The incorporation of online learning offers educational institutions both benefits and challenges as digital technologies transform the landscape of education. Non-probability sampling (purposive) was used to determine research participants for qualitative data, while probability sampling (simple random) was used to determine respondents for quantitative data. The population of the study was 300 respondents comprising academics, administrators and students in three Matabeleland Regional Campuses of ZOU, subsequently the sample size was 100 respondents. To analyse data exploratory sequential design was used as justified by Cresswell and Clark (2018). To collect accurate data on the transition process, this study used a mixed method approach that included surveys and interviews with administrators, students and academics. Observations and focus group discussions also proved to be useful tools for data collection. Limitations in the study included technology infrastructure, faculty unpreparedness, technophobia, inappropriate pedagogical methodologies and low levels of student involvement are the main challenges which were revealed by this study. Analyses of research findings indicated that the stakeholders were fully aware of the benefits to be accrued in the successful transition from ODL to ODeL but they also faced the hitches that are inherent in the implementation strategies. The shift was found to have implications for prospective students, current students, lecturers, support staff and senior management. Based on the findings of this research the following recommendations were proffered. More work must go into the planning process, before launching changes of such magnitude, the qualifications of educators should have a strong bias towards digital literacy and institutions should possess the appropriate infrastructure and gadgets to facilitate a smooth shift from ODL to ODeL. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Zimbabwe Journal of Business, Economics and Management Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Challenges e-learning Higher Learning ODeL ODL Shift https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/15ec22e6de448b46143ad85fd3824eec.pdf 6d23a928495f39a64dbc0e87a32122a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A PARADOX: LIBRARY SCHOLARS NOT USING THE LIBRARY ELECTRONIC RESOURCE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NOMATER MAKOZHO MTHOKOZISI MASUMBIKA NCUBE Description An account of the resource The advent of electronic resources in university circles towards the end of the 20th century ushered a novel and fresh landmark for library patrons, as such resources offered timely and current sources of information. The Zimbabwe Open University Library also embraced such an innovation by providing varied electronic resources to its patrons. Information scholars within the university were, thus, expected to take a leading role in accessing and using such resources as it is within their scope and domain of study. However, contrary to such anticipation, their access and usage is low, disappointing, and fragmented. Therefore, the premise of this study was to investigate the reasons behind such low usage of electronic resources by these students through a case of the Zimbabwe Open University Midlands Regional Campus Library. Using the qualitative methodology, the study employed a multimethod approach. Expert and captive sampling techniques were used to select library staff members and students respectively. The study found that students in the Department of Library and Information Science mostly preferred the use of Google, the university modules, and social media platform as the major information sources. The study found that electronic resources offered through the library’s website were one of the list preferred information sources because of varied reasons, which included the website not opening, download delays, power outages in the library, digital illiteracy, information overload, complicated user interface and logging challenges. As a way forward, there are several ways of enhancing the usage of such resources, which include increasing the library’ bandwidth, regular update of the website, installation of uninterrupted power supply (UPS), provision of further information literacy training and advertising the electronic resources by the library. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION STUDIES Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Electronic resource electronic resources usage information science scholars Open and Distance Leaning university university libraries https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/94d32310ea7da6b754355c76e62913a4.pdf 883d84fcb2ff8ecea2e2cbd83138c754 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource E-HR RECORDS IN ZIMBABWE: BALANCING DATA PRIVACY, SECURITY, AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NOTHANDO TUTANI GETRUDE MAVUNGA Description An account of the resource The adoption of electronic Human Resource (e-HR) records is transforming HR management globally, offering enhanced efficiency, accessibility, and decision-making. However, in Zimbabwe, organisations face significant challenges in data privacy, cybersecurity, and regulatory compliance, hindering the full realisation of e-HR benefits. This study examined the current state of e-HR adoption in Zimbabwe, comparing it to global best practices and identifying critical gaps in technological infrastructure, legal enforcement, and cybersecurity readiness. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), the study applied the Technology- Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework, GDPR principles, and the CIA Triad model to analyse Zimbabwe’s HR digitalisation landscape. Findings revealled uneven adoption rates, with large organisations progressing faster than SMEs, weak regulatory enforcement, and high vulnerability to cyber threats due to limited security investments. The study proposed strategic interventions, including strengthening regulatory oversight, enhancing cybersecurity measures, and aligning HR practices with international standards. The findings contributed to the discourse on HR digital transformation in emerging economies, offering policy recommendations to ensure a secure and efficient transition to digital HR records in Zimbabwe. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ZJBEM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 CIA Triad Data privacy HR digitalisation Regulatory compliance TOE framework ybersecurity https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/58a112f8fd3500979c83e0cfeff3b586.pdf 8dbff6a30de277f6a98e69476174e82d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource N ASSESSMENT OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING BIRTH TRAUMA AND ITS DIDACTIC IMPLICATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN BULAWAYO AND MATABELELAND REGIONS. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NTOMBIYENDABA MUCHUCHUTI Description An account of the resource This qualitative case study involved an assessment of neuropsychological development following birth trauma and its didactic implications. The aim was to evaluate how brain injuries occurring before, during and after birth affect the children’s mental ability. In the study, 20 purposively selected children born at Mpilo Central Hospital, United Bulawayo Hospitals, Gwanda Provincial and Tsholotsho District Hospital Maternity centres were used as the research participants. Their parents, the school heads, class teachers, the school psychologists, the nurses and doctors were used as information sources for the required data. Document analysis of medical and school records and Standardised non-verbal tests triangulated the data sources. Major findings were that: Children with Traumatic Birth Injuries (TBI) were among learners in mainstream schools and some of them were not benefiting from the teaching methodologies and curricula in schools. The children had challenges in cognitive and behavioural domains which manifested in memory, mastery, poor performance in Mathematics and English and they had behavioural problems. Most of them set in the bottom 10 of the class. Most teachers had problems with teaching children with TBI. The study made the following recommendations: revision of policies and statutory instruments governing medical practise; resuscitation of maternal health systems in the country; mainstreaming inclusion in teacher-education; improvement of teaching and learning conditions; and observing reasonable teacher-pupil ratio. Collaboration of multi-sectoral alliances in the education of children with TBI is encouraged if the traumatised children are to benefit from time in school. Further research should focus on collaborative research in mental health and effective schooling of children with TB Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 birth trauma neuropsychological development primary schoo l children https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/1969d024fc035fcef737fc5d11ebd360.pdf 62248a27684b7c4ef5fb12ea1ce8d1e4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HUMAN RIGHTS SUPPORT PROGRAMMES IN ZIMBABWEAN PRISONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE ZIMBABWE PRISONS AND CORRECTIONAL SERVICE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource OBEY JASI MBWIRIRE JOHN Description An account of the resource This research study outlined the effectiveness of human rights support programmes offered by Non-Governmental Organisations at Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Service in the Harare Metropolitan Province. ZPCS had formed partnerships with NGOs to address human rights issues concerning incarcerated prisoners. A mixed research methodology approach was employed, gathering data from correctional officers, NGO representatives, inmates and independent commissions. A quantitative sample of 300 participants was drawn using probability sampling, while a subsequent qualitative sample of 60 was purposively selected from a population of 894. The research utilised self-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. The findings indicate a strong understanding of human rights among participants. However, the majority perceive the human rights support programmes as ineffective. Key challenges identified include a pervasive atmosphere of mistrust between ZPCS and NGOs, a lack of tailored interventions and inadequate internal capacity within ZPCS to manage these programmes effectively. The study recommends establishing a central human rights coordinating office at the ZPCS national headquarters, developing a comprehensive organisational human rights policy and conducting thorough needs analyses prior to programme implementation. These steps aim to enhance collaboration, improve the alignment of NGO activities with ZPCS’s needs, and ultimately strengthen the protection of human rights for inmates. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Zimbabwe Open University Journal of Applied Social Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2026 development theory human right violations human rights human rights support programme peace https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/b597b07c11f1f3bf037c11c237e5e52b.pdf 9f6c2c13f1a5fd5a490ba0f997f66ecb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BOARD SIZE VERSUS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: A THEMATIC APPROACH Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ONESMO GUTI, ASHLEY MASHAYAMOMBE SIPIWE SIBANDA Description An account of the resource This paper seeks to examine the effects of board size upon firm’s financial performance. Board characteristics include outside directors, board size, gender diversity and board diligence. This paper concentrated upon the board size’s effect upon firm performance. The two corporate governance theories: namely, stewardship theory; and resource dependence theory were utilised. This paper made use of analysing and sy nthesising literature from various sources in a bid to expose the views of various writers upon the effects of Board size on firms’ financial performance. The qualitative methodology was applied through the thematic analysis approach. Both the deductive and inductiv e approaches were utilized to enjoy the benefits of the thematic approach. This enabled robust coding technique Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Research Publications (IJRP.ORG) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023 Board Size Corporate governance Firm Performance Thematic analysis https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/240fb1b3f5f41ca5d364b18ff8aa5080.pdf e1ee8053b106d8f030362b52e9479465 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BOARD DIVERSITY AND PERFORMANCE OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN TRANSPORT SERVICE SECTOR IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource OSCAR IRIMAI TSVUURA OBERT SIFILE NIKISI COLLEN KAJONGWE Description An account of the resource The main aim of the study was to assess the effect of board diversity and performance of state- owned enterprises (SOEs) in transport service sector in Zimbabwe. The research adopted mixed methods approach rooted in the pragmatism paradigm. Probability sampling (simple random) was used to determine respondents for the quantitative data while non-probability sampling (purposive) was used to determine the participants to provide the qualitative data. The population of the study was 30 respondents focusing on board members, senior managers and middle managers in 8 parastatals. However, the research sample size were 28 respondents as justified by using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) Table of sample size calculation. Both structured questionnaires and an interview guide were used to solicit data where descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The study results showed that SOEs boards with a blend of board members of different age groups, varied gender and diverse professional qualifications and experience allow continuity and exchange of diverse ideas which, in turn, could result in improved organisational efficiency, hence improved firm performance. However, from the results of the study, there exists adequate evidence that board diversity and experience are a critical determinant of performance of SOEs in the transport sector in Zimbabwe. Premised on the findings of this scholarship, the following recommendations were made. Relevant line ministries should come up with a policy framework that enforces the appointment to the board of individuals with proven relevant and diverse experience in leading organisations at the senior level. Therefore, a key potential future area for further research would be a replication of the study in the same sector focusing on the impact of board policy on service delivery. This would, in turn, enhance the generalisability of the findings to SOEs in other emerging markets that are facing the same performance challenges linked to board composition. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ZJBEM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Board diversity performance State-Owned Enterprises Transport service sector Zimbabwe https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8cd99d9362637862fb5185f9c573c674.pdf 1b76538afc33b00853e28ea8f96e2969 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource MOBILE MONEY IN ZIMBABWE: INTEGRATING MOBILE INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROCESSES TO ORGANISATION INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROCESSES Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource OWEN KUFANDIRIMBWA NGONIDZASHE ZANAMWE GILFORD HAPANYENGWI1 GABRIEL KABANDA Subject The topic of the resource mobile infrastructure, operational integration Description An account of the resource The emergence of mobile money in Zimbabwe has proved very popular as organisations across sectors try to develop and package the product. This research, carried out through case study and desk research, seeks to establish whether and how the organisations involved meet the operational integration component of the strategic alignment model. Specifically operational fit between organisational and mobile infrastructure and processes through determining mobile money infrastructure and processes and the associated organisational infrastructure and processes within a mobile money ecosystem. The research established that a number of institutions have tried to redesign and repackage the product, but not all were successful. The failure was attributed to improper alignment between the available technologies and organisational processes and infrastructure. The research further exposes that operationally integrated organisations ensures that alignment components involved are adequate and well reinforced through adequate governance structures, however skills does not necessarily have to be adequate but must be present. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Online Journal of Social Sciences Research Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 functional alignment mobile infrastructure Mobile money mobile processes operational integration