12 25 486 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/6a94c59fcc37e2b7e79cbcedd9cb0b48.pdf 861a5f2cf76b64a689c3ca2f5e794b77 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES OF PARTICIPANTS TOWARD URBAN GARDENING. A CASE STUDY OF NUTRITION GARDENS IN MUCHEKE TOWN, MASVINGO Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource FLORENCE CHIMBWANDA Description An account of the resource The main objective of the study was to determine participants’ attitude and perceptions towards urban gardening. Characterising the participants and determining the challenges and benefits obtained from urban gardening were also objectives of the study. Data was collect through questionnaire, focus group discussion and observations from the field. The study made use of a sample of 40 participants. Statistical tools such as descriptive statistics were employed and data was analysed through SPSS. The study revealed that urban gardening is an important programme to the community and that it is a better way of generating income. Most of the participants indicated that they can continue gardening without any form of assistance from donors. Benefits from urban gardening include, additional income from sales of vegetables, vegetables for family consumption, and time to socialize. Participants mentioned theft, dilapidating canals, one water point, and limited access to some of the vegetable markets as challenges that they face. The nutrition gardening programme targeted mainly the widowed, orphans, elderly and the sick. The study recommended that the city council should open more areas for urban gardening as this has proved to be a source of food and income so that those that are unemployed and the poor can engage in gardening. This will reduce urban poverty and create employment Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Civil and Environmental Research Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Attitude Nutrition gardens perceptions Urban agriculture https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/afa51d11bfda471335e7d191133ce292.pdf 534c6f9455ff006d59e52c9b8cab136f https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/ef4ab8eafb2954b59f0ae80a9dbc0077.pdf 534c6f9455ff006d59e52c9b8cab136f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PERCEPTIONS OF EDUCATORS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT AT THE SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN THE BULAWAYO METROPOLITAN PROVINCE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource LOIS NOZIPO NGULUBE Description An account of the resource The importance of assessing learning outcomes using a variety of assessment strategies or techniques and containing data from many sources, rather than the sole dependence on the one-shot examination, has long been recognised worldwide. This has led to major assessment policy changes in both developed and developing countries. Continuous Assessment (CA) has been introduced as part of the examination and assessment innovation in the Zimbabwean education system. CA is intended to be added onto the traditional assessment, that is, summative assessment in order to improve the assessment and evaluation of pupils’ performance, and ultimately the whole process of teaching, learning and assessment. Qualitative data was generated through the researcher as a data generating instrument, questionnaires, interviews, Focus Group Discussion, documents analysis, and observations. The generated data was analysed through Thematic Content Analysis. Results showed that the CA practices done by most of the teachers were faulty and deviated remarkably from policy guidelines except for practical learning areas. Teachers do not possess the required competencies for the implementation of CA. It was also observed that the tasks weighed the teachers down. Their greatest attention was on measuring cognitive attainment rather than including the affective and psychomotor behaviours of the pupils. The study concludes that the majority of the teachers in the secondary schools exhibited a high level of incompetence in the use of statistical tools, a skill which is necessary for presenting the pupils’ performance in a neat and logical manner Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Social Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends (IJSSCFRT) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 (CBC) CA Practice’s Learning area platforms Practical learning areas https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/2ff7101baa28b8d4de7afaa1f478a2f8.pdf 5df567e9e75aaaa252fa8ffac7d472c1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PERCEPTIONS OF PARENTS OF CHILDREN LIVING WITH DISABILITIES ON INCLUSIVE EDUCATION. A CASE OF TWO URBAN HIGH SCHOOLS IN GWERU Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource MWASHITA MUSHIPE MBWIRIRE JOHN Description An account of the resource This study investigated the perceptions of parents of children living with disabilities regarding the efficacy of inclusive education in two urban high schools in Gweru, Zimbabwe. The research was conducted at two selected urban High Schools in Gweru, Zimbabwe. The schools used were Thornhill High School and Chaplin High School. The study was qualitative in nature. A target population of 154 people was used. A sample of 45 was used. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques were used. Data were also collected from parents and teachers of children living with disabilities, key informants, including three representatives from the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education and two officials from local NGOs working with children living with disability. Data were collected through focus group discussions and interviews. The findings revealed that children with disabilities experience significant social isolation and discrimination, which negatively affects their academic and social development. This, in turn, places a substantial psychological and nemotional burden on their parents. The study concludes with recommendations for community-based support, family-centred care and the provision of specialised school facilities and equipment to better support these children and their families. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Zimbabwe Open University Journal of Applied Social Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2026 children Disability emotional parents Perception psychological school education https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/2f59ef78be33fcd40af6806d3f1f88be.pdf 3747564425a7467aabd341546614ecb7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PERCEPTIONS OF PEOPLE WHO ARE DEAF ON SIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND COMMUNICATION BY HEARING PEOPLE: HARARE URBAN, ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource PHILLIPA MUTSWANGA CHRISTINE SITHOLE Description An account of the resource The qualitative approach and the phenomenology design were employed to collect data for the study. Using in-depth interviews, observations and document analysis, the study explored the perceptions of ten people with profound Deafness on the teaching and use of the Zimbabwean Sign Language (ZSL) in Zimbabwe by hearing people. Purposive sampling was employed to select the participants for the study from the population of people who are Deaf in the streets of Harare urban. Two directors, one from the umbrella board of people with disabilities, the National Association for Societies and Care of the Handicapped (NASCOH) and the other director was from Zimbabwe National Association of the deaf (ZIMNAD), both are described as Disabled People Organisations (DPOs) in this study, they were automatically selected to participant in the study. Interest and profound Deafness were used as criteria for the sample selection. In Zimbabwe, use of SL in day- to- day communication and learning did not have a legal status until March 2013. The current acceptance of SL as one of the 16th languages in the 2013 constitution, though awaiting domestication, triggered this study. The study revealed that hearing people were influencing the type of SL the people who are Deaf should learn. The study declared people who are Deaf as the experts to the SL that should be taught or used in Zimbabwe. The study aims to place Zimbabwe amongst global competitors on issues of Deaf education. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available GREENER JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING STUDIES Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF first language of the Deaf hearing people perceptions profound Sign language in Zimbabwe https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/10c7fa3608d58d66accfea28bfe18d7f.pdf 5acd6a20e244c929ca4d9b082b498fd5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PERCEPTIONS ON ECOLOGICAL SANITATION IN ZIMBABWE: THE CASE OF MASIYARWA COMMUNAL AREA IN ZVIMBA DISTRICT OF MASHONALAND WEST PROVINCE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ITAI OFFAT MANYANHAIRE MUTANGADURA–MANGEYA SANDR Description An account of the resource Ecological sanitation technologies have taken prominence as sustainable ways of managing human waste in communal settings. Since the introduction and adoption of such technologies in Zimbabwe there has been limited evaluation of residents’ perceptions of these technologies. Thus, a Descriptive Survey of residents’ perception on Ecological Sanitation Technologies was conducted using a pre- tested questionnaire and key informant interviews with beneficiaries, triangulated with focus group discussions, field observations, and secondary data sources. The cultural background of the beneficiaries was observed to play a critical role in molding their perceptions towards the ecological sanitation technologies (EcoSan). Generally, there was a negative perception towards the use of humanure in leaf, stem, and root crops, with a clear show of disgust at the mention of such a prospect. To achieve high levels of acceptability of the technologies, awareness campaigns should target local community leaders (mainly councilors, chiefs, and kraal heads) as critical vehicles for positive perception development and mobilization of the rest of the community. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/7a6815087240a990416cd0ae8006f135.pdf f15ae31b1cd1b64cd198cf799105ee20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PERSONAL ACCOUNTS OF TEACHERS ON FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITY IN ZIMBABWEAN SCHOOLS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource KURASHA PRIMROSE CHIOME CHRISPEN Description An account of the resource The study sought to determine what the factors affecting quality. The study was basically qualitative. Personal accounts of teachers were sought yielding qualitative data. The research employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of 263 teachers from four districts of Masvingo province in Zimbabwe was chosen using the convenience sampling technique. The study found out that departmental members were clear about the vision towards which they were working at, had a reasonable understanding of what excellence entailed and hailed the department for teamwork. However, they insisted that the need for staff growth, matching resources, research culture, communication, tutorial package, incentives and proper assessment management are prerequisites for departmental excellence in open and distance learning. The study among others recommended that the idea of excellence be pursued, backed by recourses, training, incentives and a research culture. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available European Social Sciences Research Journal Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Quality Schools teamwork tutorial package and research culture https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/a71463b14c79e27b40ff79c49c99e924.pdf f0278e7a2b6f3420277e23d8b85e87ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PHILOSOPHY AS THE STUDY OF RESULTS OF SPECIAL SCIENCES Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. S. B. M. MARUME R.R. JUBENKANDA C.W. NAMUSI , N. C. MADZIYIRE and systematic synthesis philosophy special sciences sumtotal of truths universal truth https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8031e664c551e06bac60a55666abdcbb.pdf f2c4b8387105a25db2b5d3708b974001 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POLITICAL ECONOMY OF EDUCATION IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource TAKAWIRA C GWARINDA Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Zebra Publishing Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 20132 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/aea4866e41718f011b0a816cb341d641.pdf 7ab276240f5dbfee84cd678e18775f88 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POLITICAL PARTIES Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. S. B. M. MARUME DR. A. S. CHIKASHA PROF. D. NDUDZO Description An account of the resource olitical Science studies domestic politics of a state or states, and contains political dynamics as one of its sub-fields of study which in turn has as one of its sub-sub-fields – political parties, a special topic for examination of this article. As a factual statement, political parties occupy an important place and play a significant role in the governmental process of a state having democratic political institutions. However, in countries with government systems characterized by a combination of authorization, a term which signifies non- democratic government, and democratic parties; parties resembling those found in democracies are likely to develop, but their importance depends on the degree to which representatives of the people are permitted to participate in the determination of governmental policy. Under thoroughly authoritarian governments the right to organize parties is either denied or confined to the membership of the ruling oligarchy. Consequently, party systems of the type which operate in a democratic or partly democratic environment fail to materialize. As events of the twentieth and 20th centuries and 21st centuries have demonstrated, authoritarian governments may be controlled by the leaders of an organization, known as a party, which monopolizes the field of organized political activity. Examples are the Communist Party of the former Russia; the Communist Party of China; and the socialist Party of Cuba under Fidel is Castro. Cases of this kind are often attributable to a combination of authoritarianism and totalitarianism. And in this article consideration is first given to the nature of political parties, to different varieties of parties, and to the functions which parties normally perform. Thereafter the discussion covers such matters as the character of party organization, the several kinds of party systems, and the reasons why political parties are invaluable in a democracy Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 authoritarian government authoritarianism and totalitarianism democracy political dynamics political participation political parties https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8c3eed5cddda593cdf3cf35a1a5f0947.pdf 549f83d87f9453f791ad04596611733d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POOR PERFORMANCE OF PUPILS IN MATHEMATICS AT GRADE SEVEN EXAMINATIONS IN FARM SCHOOLS IN MREWA DISTRICT OF ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource RITTAH KASOWE Description An account of the resource This present study‟s main focus was to analyse the causes of poor performance of pupils in Mathematics at Grade Seven examinations in farm schools in Mrewa District of Zimbabwe. The research used the quantitative research methodology and adopted the descriptive survey design. The target population included all primary schools in Mrewa District in Matabeleland Province in Zimbabwe. Random sampling was used to arrive at a sample of 200 respondents made up of 117 females and 83 males. All the information was collected through a questionnaire. The study revealed that there was a serious shortage of human, material, financial and in fractural resources that negatively impacted on pupils‟ performance in the Grade Seven Mathematics examinations. There was also a very high teacher turn-over due to the poor working conditions as well as political volatility in the environment. The study recommends that teachers should not be allowed to transfer during the course of the year to allow for continuity and stability in the teacher establishment. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 and district Causes farm schools grade seven examinations poor performance pupils https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/ee841ed5cb8af45b584c10f33cb85e7a.pdf 61869d19d6d4922c0824d282cabcb6b1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POSTPARTUM ANOESTRUS IN EXTENSIVELY MANAGED BEEF COWS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SOUL WASHAYA, CLARICE P. MUDZENGI, VIMBAI GOBVU, TAKUDZWA MAFIGU RATCHEL MUTORE Description An account of the resource Cows should produce a calf every year, unfortunately, communal beef cows face unique and numerous challenges, which often preclude achieving this goal. In this review, we describe the lack of ovarian activity in beef cows as influenced by endocrine, behavioral, psychological and environmental factors, in order to promote pragmatic interventions for cattle productivity under communal produc- tion systems. Following parturition, cows undergo a significant period of sexual quiescence that varies widely and, nutritional deficiencies, suckling, hormonal imbalances and stress have been implicated. The resumption of estrous cycles postcalving in these cows exceeds the 80-day mark. This delay is predicated on the lack of the positive feedback effects of estradiol on luteinizing hormone, circu- lating concentrations of metabolic hormones and growth factors. These delays decrease conception rates and increase calving to conception intervals, common in extensively managed beef cows. The production conditions inadvertently surmise producers to become hesitant to use assisted reproductive technologies that are known to improve efficiencies. In addition, feed supplementation, which is nonex- istent in such production systems, is a strategy readily leveraged by beef and dairy producers in commercial systems. Options for treating cows with an extended PPI are germanely going forward Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IntechOpen Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 altruism communal beef cows ovarian cyclicity reproductive hormones uncontrolled breeding Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POSTPARTUM ANOESTRUS IN EXTENSIVELY MANAGED BEEF COWS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SOUL WASHAYA CLARICE P. MUDZENGI VIMBAI GOBVU TAKUDZWA MAFIGU RATCHEL MUTORE Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IntechOpen Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023 Description An account of the resource Cows should produce a calf every year, unfortunately, communal beef cows face unique and numerous challenges, which often preclude achieving this goal. In this review, we describe the lack of ovarian activity in beef cows as influenced by endocrine, behavioral, psychological and environmental factors, in order to promote pragmatic interventions for cattle productivity under communal production systems. Following parturition, cows undergo a significant period of sexual quiescence that varies widely and, nutritional deficiencies, suckling, hormonal imbalances and stress have been implicated. The resumption of estrous cycles postcalving in these cows exceeds the 80-day mark. This delay is predicated on the lack of the positive feedback effects of estradiol on luteinizing hormone, circu- lating concentrations of metabolic hormones and growth factors. These delays decrease conception rates and increase calving to conception intervals, common in extensively managed beef cows. The production conditions inadvertently surmise producers to become hesitant to use assisted reproductive technologies that are known to improve efficiencies. In addition, feed supplementation, which is nonex- istent in such production systems, is a strategy readily leveraged by beef and dairy producers in commercial systems. Options for treating cows with an extended PPI are germanely going forward. https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/167f031b0223f6f6be953a2d71124f82.pdf cef6451f23e70bcac8b6326708c2333c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POSTPARTUM ANOESTRUS INEXTENSIVELY MANAGED BEEF COWS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SOUL WASHAYA CLARICE P. MUDZENGI VIMBAI GOBVU TAKUDZWA MAFIGU RATCHEL MUTORE Description An account of the resource Cows should produce a calf every year, unfortunately, communal beef cows face unique and numerous challenges, which often preclude achieving this goal. In this review, we describe the lack of ovarian activity in beef cows as influenced by endocrine, behavioral, psychological and environmental factors, in order to promote pragmatic interventions for cattle productivity under communal production systems. Following parturition, cows undergo a significant period of sexual quiescence that varies widely and, nutritional deficiencies, suckling, hormonal imbalances and stress have been implicated. The resumption of estrous cycles postcalving in these cows exceeds the 80-day mark. This delay is predicated on the lack of the positive feedback effects of estradiol on luteinizing hormone, circulating concentrations of metabolic hormones and growth factors. These delays decrease conception rates and increase calving to conception intervals, common in extensively managed beef cows. The production conditions inadvertently surmise producers to become hesitant to use assisted reproductive technologies that are known to improve efficiencies. In addition, feed supplementation, which is nonexistent in such production systems, is a strategy readily leveraged by beef and dairy producers in commercial systems. Options for treating cows with an extended PPI are germanely going forward. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Intechopen Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 altruism communal beef cows hormones uncontrolled breeding ovarian cyclicity reproductive https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/cad94e00b8429b2548c691e64bf65aa6.pdf 9304b4e0d3472112e3068424ceb3f164 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POTENTIAL OF FARM-PRODUCED CROP RESIDUES AS PROTEIN SOURCES FOR SMALL-MEDIUM YIELDING DAIRY COWS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NOBBERT T. NGONGONI CLETOS MAPIYE MARIZVUKURU MWALE BARTHOLOMEW MUPETA MICHAEL CHIMONYO Description An account of the resource The nutritive value of fifteen crops and by-products were investigated in terms of the protein and energy value for rumen microbial protein synthesis using in-situ and mobile bag techniques. The sunflower feedstuffs and the cotton seed cake have low digested carbohydrates, which may limit optimum microbial protein synthesis, while forage legumes and cereals have higher digested carbo-hydrates (P< 0.05). Thus, one way of improving protein digestibility protein rich crops is to feed them with cereal crops. The cereal grains (maize, sorghum and pearl millet) and the forage legumes (groundnut and cowpea tops) showed a negative protein balance value, suggesting that nitrogen limited optimum microbial protein synthesis in relation to the available carbohydrates (P< 0.05). The nitrogen (N) content of the ram press sunflower cake (43 g/kg DM) was within the range of the N content found in the commercial dairy concentrates (32 - 57 g/kg DM). However, the N in the sunflower was more degradable in the rumen (92%) than that in the commercial dairy concentrate (P < 0.05). It can therefore, be concluded that the ram press sunflower cake is potential source of N for small-medium yielding dairy cows Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African Journal of Agricultural Research Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Crop residues digestible energy Microbial protein sunflowe https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/0c09633e72cabcc77832a9976b3f5be3.pdf 0fd18b5d996dc2e6d9270016207b7ec2 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/1169fee8f0c7340a9c9610eec9d233a6.pdf 0fd18b5d996dc2e6d9270016207b7ec2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource POVERTY AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN AFRICA: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. JEPHIAS MATUNHU Description An account of the resource The desktop study is on poverty and underdevelopment, which continues to be a matter of concern in the developing world. According to Chen and Ravallion (2008), about 1.4 billion people (one in four) lived on less than $1.25 a day in 2005. The above situation is likely to worsen in Africa where governments are failing to eradicate poverty alone. Giant transnational corporations (TNC) are increasingly called upon to champion poverty reduction in the continent. Notably, of the world’s 100 largest economic entities, 51 are giant TNCs and the world’s 200 largest corporations have combined sales that are greater than the combined GDP of all countries in the world. This desktop research assumes that bodies corporate are the key institutions for eradicating poverty in Africa; and so are called upon to make a significant contribution to the society that they operate in and depend upon for their economic and financial might. More specifically, this paper examines the role of giant TNCs in poverty reduction in a continent that has high poverty levels but endowed with plentiful resources Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Zimbabwe International Journal of Open & Distance Learning Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Africa corporate social responsibility gian poverty transnational corporations https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/3896d0184bc7660e39238f3b0c1a504e.pdf 46232b9f03a249a970155263960dc031 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PREDICTING THE SPATIAL DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN–ELEPHANT CONFLICT IN HWANGE DISTRICT Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource FARAI MADZIMURE Description An account of the resource This study predicted the spatial determinants of human-elephant conflict in Victoria Falls town, Hwange West communal area and the resettlement areas of Don Rovin, Mubiya and Kalala. The study covered an elephant range of 4377km2. The non-experimental quantitative research design was adopted for the study. Garmin GPS receiver, digitizing and observation instruments were employed for collecting human-elephant conflict location data and spatial factors. Overlay analysis was used to combine human-elephant conflict location data with the distance maps of predictive spatial factors in ILWIS. Logistic regression was used to relate human-elephant conflict data and distance values of predictive factors in SPSS. In Victoria Falls town, results indicated that human-elephant conflict probability could be predicted significantly using distance from the park boundary and settlements. Distance from the forest and elephants routes significantly explained human-elephant conflict in the communal area of Hwange West. Human- elephant conflict was significantly related with distance from the forest in the Resettlement areas. These results suggest that the most important predictor of human-elephant conflict on this particular landscape is distance from protected areas. Implementation of effective conflict resolution strategies for the three areas requires stakeholders to take cognisance of the spatial factors which are related to human-elephant conflict. In Victoria Falls town, results imply that if elephants and humans are to co-exist with minimal conflict, there is need for land use planners to focus on developing mitigatory measures which deter elephants to move freely from the park to the residential areas. A deterrent method such as the installation of electric fence around Victoria Falls town has a great potential of preventing elephants from entering settlements and minimising human-elephant conflict. Such an approach is critical as results indicated that distance from the park boundary significantly predict human-elephant conflict in Victoria Falls town. Alternatively, town planners can consider vertical expansion of the built up area to prevent encroaching into the park. For Hwange communal and resettlement areas, land use planners should prevent settlement patterns that leave crop fields vulnerable to crop raiding. In Hwange communal area, planning the position of fences and other human-elephant conflict measures should consider the position of elephant routes. Alternatively, land use planners can consider allocating land to other uses besides settlements and agriculture. Integrating the spatial determinants of human-elephant conflict with land use planning has a great potential of offering permanent solutions to the conflict problem. Further research should be conducted on monitoring elephant movement patterns in the area using satellite linked GPS collars. This information can enhance our understanding of the routes used by elephants when they move around the settlements. This enhances our understanding of how elephants interact with spatial human land use and natural factors. Such information is crucial in designing effective human-elephant conflict resolution measures. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8728bec3311f8c8fa671273d94861ef9.pdf 9bebaafc73ec866a1e1bc9644db665fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PREVENTIVE STRESS MANAGEMENT Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. S. B. M. MARUME DR. CHIPO MUTONGI R. R. JUBENKANDA C. W. NAMUSI N. C. MADZIIRE Description An account of the resource Because inter-group conflict is inherent in the nature of modern organized institutions, management should be capable of resolving this conflict before the dysfunctional consequences affect organizational performance. The ability to prevent minimizes, and to resolve conflicts successfully is an important skill or competency which administrators or managers must develop. The various strategies for preventing, minimizing and resolving intergroup conflicts can be classified into three main categories which will be the focal point of this article Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 and MBO technique avoidance confrontation defusion preventive stress management https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/67980a0600b9ae935e42832fed46d999.pdf d276743aa6127104c5a7a0b1d7fea993 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PRODUCTION, MARKETING AND CHALLENGES FACED BY SMALLHOLDER RABBIT FARMERS: A CASE OF MT DARWIN, ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DELIWE SYLVESTER TEMBACHAKO MAY MREMA ANYWAY KATANHA Description An account of the resource The study focused on the production marketing of rabbits and the challenges faced by the smallholder rabbit farmers in the four wardsof Mt Darwin District. The wards were purposively selected. A descriptive survey method was employed to 85 smallholder rabbit farmers identified through snowballing method. Results confirm that rabbits are kept mainly for consumption purposes, as66% of the rabbits produced were consumed and only 34% were sold. The major challenges faced by farmers in producing and marketing rabbits were inadequate extension services, inadequate feeds, lack of markets and some religious beliefs. Farmers do not normallymarket their rabbits and anysurplus rabbits are sold to neighbours and local markets onwilly-nilly basis, no marketing strategies are employed. There is the need for widespread awareness of the importance of rabbits by government, stakeholders and NGOs through the various media. Extension service needs to be intensified in the rabbit enterprisein the rural communities.The government and NGOs should aid the development of rabbit industry and marketing to the outside markets since the income received could help reduce poverty among smallholder farmers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 incomesecurity panacea rabbits vulnerable https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/b16b56b96ed8f08d14ebf4e05b862ea5.pdf 50378fec29bdb97c390f2d50ce5065a0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PROFESSOR CANAAN SODINDO BANANA AND HIS BORDER- CROSSING ANTICS: LESSONS FOR THE CHURCH AND CITIZENRY IN KAIROS MOMENTS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource PAUL HENRY GUNDAN Description An account of the resource Professor Canaan Sodindo Banana (5 March 1936 – 10 November 2003) was a complex person with a complex historical context that began with his birth frommixed parentage. His father, a practitioner of Christianity and a herbalist, further influenced him to see no difference between African ancestors and Hebrew patriarchs. He became a cleric in the Zimbabwean Methodist Church from where he was exposed to the World Council of Churches (WCC) Programme to Combat Racism (PCR). In 1971, he resigned from the church after it voted against the PCR, which he felt was justified. Instead, in 1973, he travelled to the United States, without a passport, probably to free himself from oppression. When he returned to Zimbabwe and joined politics, to fill the gap created by the arrest of nationalists, he was active in the United African National Congress (UANC), but frustrated by its moderate approach to the problem of racism, in 1976, he joined the radical Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). In 1998, when he was accused of sodomy, probably to deter him from joining the opposition for his sharp disagreements with former President Robert Mugabe, he crossed the South African border with Botswana without a passport. This article discusses the history of ethnicity, African identity and African Traditional Religion, Western Christianity, and the rise of African consciousness as well as the violence that emerged from the colonial powers in Banana’s life. This context shaped his character and personality, so much so that “what he became to us was a product of his historical context”. Banana defied the sense of security found in colonial borders, and his attempt to free himself from the constraints of hegemony were useful lessons for hid Kairos moments Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UNISA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/f8d2cbd29b68aec25c55db87609a341f.pdf e20aac9d0557fba2d0bff6dab2d38702 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PROSPECTS FOR INDIGENOUS CHICKENS GENETIC IMPROVEMENT AND CONSERVATION IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource The multitude functions of indigenous chickens, which include the provision of high quality protein meat and eggs, cash through sales and socio-cultural roles, cannot be underestimated. Indigenous chickens is one of the genetic resources which Zimbabwe has failed to give adequate attention for the betterment of the majority of the rural poor population. Despite the indigenous chickens dual selected and raised for meat or egg production, there does remain a considerable and largely unexploited genetic potential for increased production. The review explores the prospects for indigenous chickens genetic improvement and conservation in on the background that indigenous chicken are a heterogeneous population with no standardized characteristics and performance. This is mainly due to environmental and genetic constraints with bright prospects for genetic manipulation or Considerable genetic differences exist between local indigenous chickens populations, and production rates of local populations should be evaluated before introducing genetic improvement programs. The reported among population genetic diversity the degree to which populations differ and can assist in improvement and conservation efforts Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/89974db1d010c97aa94818a2c836573f.pdf 132b5502839e0f5aaad546b0c16bdfaf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PROVIDED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION USE. NOT FOR REPRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION OR COMMERCIAL USE. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource One principal source of unsubstantial meat production efficiency in commercial small ruminants is high kid/lamb mortality, where a larger proportion of kid/lamb crop fails to reach marketable age resulting in immense economic losses. There is apparent evidence accrued through extensive studies which point to the fact that heredity and some non-genetic factors drive kid/lamb mortality in goats and sheep production. In this respect, mortality of kids/lambs may vary with genotype, nutrition, litter size, dam age and parity order, nutrition, sex and age of kid/lamb and season and year of kidding/lambing. The present review will give an insight on the influence of genotype, birth weight and birth status as determinants of mortality in goat and sheep. The resultant effect of genotype on kid/lamb mortality is associated with traits imparted to both dams and/or kid/lamb such as birth weight size related to difficult birth, kid/lamb viability after kidding/lambing and maternal characteristics. Low birth weight kid/lamb may die due to failure to adapt to life after birth, incompetence to sustain body temperature as a result of low energy body reserves at birth result into death, low kid/lamb potency and poor maternal attachment exposes kid/lambs to less survival chances. On the other hand, multiple birth has an adverse effect on kid/lamb survival due to lower birth weight as litter size increases, which is a lead factor to more hazard to mortality. The major reason for high mortality in underweight kid/lamb at birth is probably due to lack of suckling and/or exposure to low body temperatures. Mature dams give birth to heavier kids and provide enough milk to nursed kids/lambs promoting faster growth rates subsequently enhancing survivability of kids/lambs. There is potentiality of manipulation of husbandry practices focusing on ensuring that all born kids/lambs are as close as possible to the acceptable birth weight average for that specific breed of choice. It should be noted that due to multifaceted nature of the determinants of mortality it is reasonable to assume that appreciation of specific cause and occurrence of kids’/lamb mortality could be advantageous to minimise mortality rates. A total eradication of kid/lamb mortality is probably unachievable as a result partly targeting the control of both environmental and animal-related factors is of paramount importance. High kid/lamb mortality necessitate for good management practices and improved dam nutrition to support nursing of multiple birth, in addition to the exploitation of crossbred’s livability and survivability. The present review gives an insight on the determinants of mortality and associated factors in goat and sheep meat production Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Birth status Birth weight Genotype Goat Mortality Sheep https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/43b5f24b4f06ef63711bf84a7a4bbf44.pdf 707f34ca476a133c7266dac5cd5b0c7f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PSYCHOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AFFECTING PRIMARY SCHOOL GOING ORPHANS IN WANGANUI COMMUNITY, ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource JOHN MBWIRIRE ALBERT MADUBANI Description An account of the resource This study sought to identify psychological challenges affecting primary school orphans in Wanganui Community in Zimbabwe. The study employed a mixed method approach combining questionnaires with teachers and care givers, interview sessions with orphans and in-depth interviews with community social/development worker. The study finds that lack of love, lack of attention and withdrawal were the main signs and symptoms of psychological challenge in the community. The study revealed that the term and symptoms of psychological challenges were understood differently between African context and Western context. The study recommended that action must be taken as soon as possible once the signs and symptoms which include lack of love, lack of attention to rectify the psychological challenges faced by the community Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available NTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 academic performance orphans poverty Psychological challenges https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/df1b8de6d944b47ff9f6fb7902def617.pdf 6250e260ec971373f232546b9f1df7db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SHAMVA DISTRICT OF MASHONALAND CENTRAL PROVINCE IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR RITTAH KASOWE Description An account of the resource The study investigated psychological factors influencing academic achievement of secondary school adolescents in Shamva district. The design for the study is ex-post-facto. The population for the study is 300 participants who were independently and randomly selected. Two standardized instrument tagged “Psychological Factors Assessment Questionnaire and Economics Achievement test was used to collect data for the study. The reliability of the instruments was 0.91and 0.86 respectively. Two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The data collected were analysed with an independent t-test. The data analysis showed that school phobia significantly influence academic achievement of students while achievement motivation does not. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers recommended among others that, teachers, parents, counsellors as well as the school authorities should be made to aware of the existing relationship between self-concept, anxiety, achievement motivation, and focus of control and academic achievement. This would enable them provide a better, useful and relevant educational, vocational, personal and social services that will enable secondary school learners , teachers and parents and the school authorities and the community recognise and appreciate the presence of individual differences, among students and how best to reinforce them in every situation. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IJRDO - Journal Of Educational Research Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 academic achievement achievement motivation learners Psychological factors school phobia https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8ffb506daa53de687781fbb87b052818.pdf b602866c331950b26435e76474353b4d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PUBLIC DEBT SERVICING IN ZIMBABWE: CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource KEITH TICHAONA TASHU TAFADZWA MOYO Description An account of the resource Zimbabwe has been classified as being in debt distress and government debt has risen substantially from just over 48% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2013 to an estimated 82% in 2017. Large fiscal deficits experienced by the country have partly been the result of an elevated public wage bill, which continues to absorb more than 80% of revenue in the country. More so, the deficits have also been financed through an overdraft facility at the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) bailouts of state-owned enterprises, and widespread mismanagement of public funds. Zimbabwe is officially burdened with public debt of approximately US$17.5 billion of which US$14.043 billion is external debt stock alongside ZWL$2.235 trillion worth of domestic debt. The total Public and Publicly Guaranteed (PPG) debt increased by 27.5% from 2021 figure of US$13.722 billion which is an unusual increase in a single year only. This research examines challenges associated with debt servicing in Zimbabwe as well as implications of unsustainable public debt. Some identified challenges exacerbating public debt include lack of compliance by the government with legislative provisions on borrowings, public debt defaults, misappropriated public debts and fragmented public debt institutional framework. High debt creates uncertainty, deterring investment and innovation, and has a negative impact on economic growth. Unsustainable debt burdens compel governments to spend more on debt servicing and less on public service delivery. It is therefore recommended that, the government needs to establish a clear legal and organisational framework on public debt, expand the revenue base and debts auditing. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Zimbabwe Journal of Business, Economics and Management Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023 Borrowing corruption Debt Loans transparency https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/925ac2d19701a222a2317af5efe53c4e.pdf 2b44277f0ff15620970bfd51a0d380af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PUBLIC FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. S. B. M. MARUME PROF. D. NDUDZO Description An account of the resource According to one of the leading American public administration scientists, Felix A. Nigro [1970:345 – 350 and 352 – 379], public financial administration is a critically important facet of public administration which operates through the instrument of budget and encompasses the entire budgetary cycle, that is, formulation of the budget; enactment of the budget; execution of the budget; accounting and auditing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Business and Management Invention Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 accounting and auditing budget budget formulation budgetary cycle enactment and execution public financial administration