12 25 486 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/2ff7101baa28b8d4de7afaa1f478a2f8.pdf 5df567e9e75aaaa252fa8ffac7d472c1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PERCEPTIONS OF PARENTS OF CHILDREN LIVING WITH DISABILITIES ON INCLUSIVE EDUCATION. A CASE OF TWO URBAN HIGH SCHOOLS IN GWERU Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource MWASHITA MUSHIPE MBWIRIRE JOHN Description An account of the resource This study investigated the perceptions of parents of children living with disabilities regarding the efficacy of inclusive education in two urban high schools in Gweru, Zimbabwe. The research was conducted at two selected urban High Schools in Gweru, Zimbabwe. The schools used were Thornhill High School and Chaplin High School. The study was qualitative in nature. A target population of 154 people was used. A sample of 45 was used. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques were used. Data were also collected from parents and teachers of children living with disabilities, key informants, including three representatives from the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education and two officials from local NGOs working with children living with disability. Data were collected through focus group discussions and interviews. The findings revealed that children with disabilities experience significant social isolation and discrimination, which negatively affects their academic and social development. This, in turn, places a substantial psychological and nemotional burden on their parents. The study concludes with recommendations for community-based support, family-centred care and the provision of specialised school facilities and equipment to better support these children and their families. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Zimbabwe Open University Journal of Applied Social Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2026 children Disability emotional parents Perception psychological school education https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8552854f853d809135a8725d7cbff55f.pdf 80b334e3b06b7a6b263a68698e7708b9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GENDER AND SMALLHOLDER LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, IMPROVEMENT AND CONSERVATION IN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N ASSAN Description An account of the resource Policy makers, developmental agents and researchers are now aware of the need to incorporate gender issues in smallholder livestock production planning and development in order to improve livestock productivity in Africa. This discussion attempt to explore the role of gender in smallholder livestock production,genetic improvement and conservation.Strategies to improve livestock production and conservation within the smallholder livestock sector will not be successful unless gender related issues are taken into account.Ownership of different livestock species by men and women in smallholder livestock production sector has been documented, often cattle and larger animals are owned by men, while goat keeping and backyard poultry production are largely women's domains. Therefore, it is assumed that taking cognizance of gender differentials in smallholder livestock production intervention programs will result in effectively implementation of livestockdevelopment programs ensuring more optimal outcomes. The rationale for gender integration in livestock improvement and conservation is driven by the fact that different household members typically hold different livestock responsibilities; they also may have different livestock priorities and livestock production constraints. Gender sensitive livestock policy initiatives such as training women in livestock improvement and conservation in smallholder livestock production sector should be adopted in order to address specific concerns and priorities of women as major stakeholders in livestock production.Gendered asymmetries in access to livestock and services not only do a great disservice to women and men livestock smallholder farmers, but they also stifle the potential for more sustainable and effective actions along a given livestock improvement program. In most cases , where livestock improvement and conservation programs are being carried out, the lack of gender consideration constrains the development of holistic approaches to achieve desirable goals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Africa Animal genetic Gender Genetic improvement Keywords Livestock production resource conservation Smallholder https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/22a04031c4b449c6ae483f19dae48596.pdf afa483d0d5a0bca31e221af508c25b3f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource EFFECT OF MILKING FREQUENCY AND LACTATION LENGTH ON YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN GOATS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource The level of individual milk output per dam is a crucial element in the economic survival of any dairy enterprise. A profitable goat dairy enterprise should aim at maximazation of milk output per dam or optimizing the overall milk output from the flock. The present discussion explores the potential use of milking frequency as a management tool available for goat dairy farmers in manipulation of milk yield per dam and its implication for mammary functioning and its influence in enhancing metabolic activities in milk secrection. The influence of lactation length on yield and milk composition is also discussed. Lactation length and milking frequency are some of factors which have been implicated in influencing yield and milk composition. Different milking frequencies in different management systems have been studied with different results observed in their influences on yield and milk composition. There are different adaptive responses of the mammary gland of different animal species to extended milking frequencies and lactation length in different systems of management. The lactation length records can facilitate the allocation of resources such as feed supplies both for individual doe and the flock. From the discussion milking frequency and lactation length account for some of the variation in milk yield and composition, therefore adjustment of dairy records for lactation length is essential for accurate selection of dairy animals in a flock. The feature of once daily milking is that it reduces milk yield, depending on stage of lactation, breed and parity. However, with the labour costs being recognized as one of the highest contributors to a dairy enterprise daily expense, it is suffice to suggest that the cost implications related to once daily milking can not be ignored. In goats milked twice daily, but increasing milking frequency to three times a day or even more often increase goat milk yield Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Goat Lactation length Milking frequency Yield Composition https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/196aaef9d99d81c585af09cebfa64d36.pdf 21a947d8359c04e8978ef9daf11f32e1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource NARROWING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC GENDER GAP THROUGH EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN MICRO LIVESTOCK FARMING: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Micro livestock appears to be the most sustainable means of producing high quality animal protein for the expanding populations of the lesser developing countries. Diversification in animal agriculture through inclusion of non-conventional livestock such as micro livestock species (goat, sheep, poultry, rabbits, guinea pigs, pigeon, ducks, snails, grasscutter etc) provide options that would guarantee fully participation of women in livestock production to alleviate rural households protein shortage or deficiencies. The micro livestock are likely to become increasingly important source of animal protein as a result of rapid increase in human population and in the light of dwindling land sizes and natural resources in general. This is on the backdrop that micro livestock have diverse economic and social functions in rural communities, and different types of micro livestock have been associated with women due to their significant potential for alleviating malnutrition and food insecurity. Therefore, supporting micro livestock should be considered as a means to empower women in rural development which has the capacity to improve household nutrition and food security. This discussion looks at the opportunities of empowering women through micro livestock as a mean of alleviating poverty and solving the food insecurity challenges in rural communities. The challenges which women might face in engaging in micro livestock are also highlighted. The basis of micro livestock farming may be taken from the perspective of animal products supply being outpaced with the increased human population in Africa. In this case, alternative sources of animal protein such as micro livestock need to be promoted, and if not, livestock products will be beyond the reach of the majority of the ordinary persons. The space for classic livestock rearing have decreased, and this scenario will suit the keeping of smaller animals which are prolific and easy to manage. This warrant serious consideration of micro livestock farming as one of the major component of the livestock production systems where women can be empowered in rural areas. Micro livestock farming has greater opportunities in improving livelihoods among the rural poor households, provided that productivity is enhanced and appropriate input and services can be availed. Gender sensitive programs that promote micro livestock farming contribution to optimization of animal product supply and enhance food security on sustainable basis are recommended. In most cases livestock professionals such as veterinarians and animal scientists often do not have the necessary familiarity and competence with gender analysis and participatory skills to implement a gender balanced assessment or response in livestock production issues Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Challenges Micro livestock Opportunities Women https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/fdeaa1c75558c71b2905373bede5a05b.pdf 9528b59f3c63dcb62222143325cc8846 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SIGNIFICANCE OF PARITY, YEAR-SEASON AND PROLIFICACY IN INFLUENCING GOAT MILK PRODUCTION TRAITS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Milk production traits in goats are affected by different non genetic factors and the knowledge of these factors is essential for efficient management and for accurate estimation of breeding values. Adjusting for the known non genetic factors is necessary to increase efficiency of animal selection in dairy goats. The discussion explores the significance of dam’s parity, year-season and prolificacy in influencing milk production traits in goats. Much valuable research already exists on the influence of non genetic factors in dairy cattle; however, not much mention has been done pertaining to dairy goats. This is on the assumption that the spectrum of non genetic factors which affect milk production traits in goats are the same factors which influnce milk production traits in cattle. The understanding of different non genetic factors and their impacts is the first step in improving goat milk production, and prerequisite for defining appropriate management practices in the milk production process. Knowledge of non genetic factors is important in matching goat milk production to specific production system ensuring a sustainable level of milk production. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 milk production Parity Prolificacy Year-season https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/66a25cc21c82e1bb8fd190ee1fb77205.pdf 9ca2a5dd01233522b5c0635c2091b2af https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/9f146a3538e6ede7ac913e734e2e3d1f.pdf 9ca2a5dd01233522b5c0635c2091b2af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource INFLUENCE OF STAGE OF LACTATION ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE MILK PRODUCTION PARAMETERS IN GOATS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Goat lactation is synonymous to an agricultural production function with three distinct production regions namely, early, mid and late lactation. It is characterised by an increase in milk yield in early lactation to a possible peak in the mid lactation and then a decline in milk yield as it reaches the end of lactation. However, the other milk constituencies (protein, fat, lactose, etc ) do not follow the same trend as total milk yield through the 3 lactation stages. Therefore, it is suffice to suggest that the understanding of the physiological changes in these stages of lactation is crucial in maximizing milk production in goats. The present discussion explores the importance of different stages of lactation in milk production in influencing yield and milk composition. Milk yield and its composition are influenced by various factors, among these stage of lactation is very significant. The proportion of protein, lactose, fat and total solids declined slightly with advance in lactation and a steady fall in milk yield. This is on the basis that milk yield is a function of the number of mammary secretory cells and their metabolic activity change during the course of lactation. The significant stage of lactation effect in most studies may have practical implications in determining optimal feeding management to maximize total lactation yield and milk composition. Therefore, the knowledge of physiological activities during different stages of actation is critical to dairy animal nutrition and management decision support systems for optimization of goat dairy flock production processes Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Animal Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Goat Stage of lactation Yield Composition https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/83e76cd700f0e684a52a5e233a4cfbe6.pdf 9f12843febf0a6b575d1cf17f2e123eb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RELEVANCE AND FEASIBILITY OF MINI LIVESTOCK FARMING IN ENHANCING FOOD SECURITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Mini livestock is a sustainable form of animal production that has significant potential for alleviating malnutrition and food insecurity in Southern Africa. It should be considered as a normal component of livestock and rural development which has the capacity to improve nutrition and food security. It is very much associated with increased food security as it lends itself to small scale family production. This discussion looks at the opportunities of utilizing mini livestock species as an alternative source of protein solving the food insecurity challenges in Southern Africa. Mini livestock production has diverse economic and social functions in rural communities. It can be valued as one of the livestock sub sectors having enormous potential for enhancing food security. The conventional livestock production sector has been facing multiple challenges as a result of rise in human population, urbanization and climate change. This trend has lead to a rise in demand for livestock products, which means meat productivity or the number of meat animals will have to increase to meet the animal protein demand. The protein production from conventional livestock has been falling, as a result there is need for alternative sources of animal protein supply. Focusing on mini livestock species as an alternative source of protein may be just as important. Most animals in the mini livestock class are promising in enhancing food security because they require little capital, equipment, space and labor. The discussion concludes that mini livestock constitute an important reservoir of genetic animal resources which has not been given adequate recognition. However, it is envisaged the utilization of mini livestock will address the animal protein challenges facing Southern Africa, especially in the resource poor rural communities where the problem is most apparent. Given the economic, social and ecological advantages of mini livestock farming it is arguably deserves even greater attention. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 food security Mini livestock poverty Southern africa https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8e064dc88d631ae51b08fa7f4c37a876.pdf 6d683aba61831b95452cf6b6a584170f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource STRATEGIES AND APPROACHES TO SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Livestock is a dominant agricultural activity in Sub Saharan Africa, which is generally considered a key asset for most rural population and contribute to the livelihoods and nutrition of purely subsistence households. This discussion is a synthesis of possible strategies to consider for sustaianble livestock production, focusing on issues of climate change, gender, smallholder livestock support and use of indigenous knowledge systems, and how these may influence livestock production. There are many measures which need to be explored with the aim of making the livestock systems become driving forces of sustainable agricultural development. One of the major factors responsible for the declining livestock productivity in the region is the relegation to the background of the contributions of women in the issues of livestock production. On the other hand, climate change and variability is now widely regarded as the most serious challenge facing Sub Saharan Africa, with consequences that go far beyond the effects on the environment, hence affecting most communities indiscriminately. Despite the negative impact of climate change on livestock production and biodiversity conservation, poor resources peasant famers are incentivized to engage in these activities because of the wide spectrum of benefits accrued, such as cash income, food, manure, draft power and hauling services, savings and insurance, and social status and social capital. Since time immemmorial, indigenous livestock knowledge systems have been used in smallholder livestock farming sector, while strengthening livestock productivity. These are some of the key aspects in promoting livestock development, through economically and socially empowering local communities, and consequently providing a way to enable rural communities to break the cycle of poverty. In this discussion, some of the strategic steps that can be adopted for future sustainable livestock production, include and not limited to the following: promotion of gender equality and equity in livestock production systems in terms of equal access to livestock productive resources, boosting climate change mitigation startegies, and empowering women in livestock production decision making. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 284 Scientific Journal of Animal Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Climate change Gender Livestock production Smallholder https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/3dd2007fb28bd535e1657eae7a5b9d65.pdf 1b83dd62610c5a659e5d62a5a8d06fa3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource INFLUENCE OF SUCKLING AND/OR MILKING METHOD ON YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN DAIRY ANIMALS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Achieving the maximum marketable milk yield with a high fat and protein content is desirable to producers to increase farm profitability. The present discussion points to the fact that rearing systems and milking method used affect either milk yield or milk composition during the entire lactation. Increased milk production elicited by suckling is probably due to the additional stimulus of the mammary gland, and is associated with improved mammary development through regulation of secretion of hormone during this period with markedly increase in milk. Dairy farmers can take advantage of suckling stimulus as a management tool combined with stipulated frequency of machine milking to increase milk production. Restricted suckling may increase total milk production without reducing milk available for human consumption or sale. The present discussion explores the consequences of different milking methods and/or suckling in dairy production enterprises for improving yield and milk composition in dairy animals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 1 Scientific Journal of Zoology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 composition Milking Suckling yield https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/3a7dfdfb9a76e97f4a8865814e91eb25.pdf a24fc1611ffe90b027ebe4b418f595e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GENDER, AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT AND VULNERABILITY OF RESOURCE POOR FARMERS IN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Gender is a socio-economic variable which can be used to analyze vulnerability and adaptive capacity of people against climate change and variability in local communities in Africa. Due to climatic change and variability, achieving sustainability inagriculture with emphasis on satisfying basic human needs and improving people’s standard of living through enhancing food security and reducing poverty has been a challenge in Africa. This has been exacerbated by the fact that rapid increase in human population has outpaced the ability to produce sufficient food for the growing population. This discussion attempt to link gender vulnerability to climate change impact on resource poor peasant farmers in Africa. Climate change and variability is now widely regarded as the most serious challenge facing Africa, with consequences that go far beyond the effects on the environment, hence affecting both men and women indiscriminately. Despite the negative impact of climate change on crop, livestock production and biodiversity conservation, poor resources peasant famers are incentivized to engage in these activities because of the wide spectrum of benefits accrued, such as cash income, food, manure, draft power and hauling services, savings and insurance, and social status and social capital. It is against this background that crops and livestock species that remarkably possess distinctive qualities enabling them to excel efficiently in the context of the uncertainties of climatic variability need to be promoted to reduce vulnerability at household level. The use of adaptive genotypes such as the local animal and crop genetic resources may sustain household production in the context of climate change. Small grain crops (sorghum, millet, cow peas. pigeon peas etc) and small stock (goats, sheep, poultry, etc) which are associated with women are less likely to succumb to climate change than the large ruminants which are owned by men. It is reasonably to suggest that the exclusion – or lack of participation – of women in decision making over biodiversity conservation and natural resource management can have implications for conservation outcomes because of gender role differences in natural resources utilization and conservation based on indigenous knowledge. The review concludes that the impact of climate change will have a graver effect on womenthan men, due to their different specific socio economic roles and their participation in different agricultural activities and biodiversity conservation effort. The range of adaptive measures that might be taken for local communities to ameliorate climate change effects should take into account gender differentials, if they are to succeed. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Africa Climate change Gender. Agriculture Natural biodiversity https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/b87207e5eaaaacdc90ad0800f43be67d.pdf 22e3cd6723aa69952d42ff5cff67fc23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN ENHANCING FOOD PRODUCTION AND SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource his discussion explores the opportunities and challenges in enhancing food production and security in the context of climatic variability in Sub Saharan Africa. The promotion of sustainable use of plant and animal products with emphasis on satisfying basic human needs, improving people’s standard of living, enhancing food security and reducing poverty have taken a center stage in Sub Saharan Africa. However, the efforts in this direction are being impacted negatively by climate change, through animal and crop production which have not been spared due to the natural disasters and environmental challenges which have affected all regions of Sub Saharan Africa indiscriminately. Climate is a particularly important driver of food production systems performance at the agriculture end of the food chain. It can affect the quantities and types of food produced as well as production-related income especially for the poor resource farmers. In order to be able to adequately address food production and security in the context of climate, there is need for the region to carry out thorough climatic vulnerability and adaptation assessments. Supporting research and training of experts to carry out vulnerability and adaptation assessments on crop and livestock production is crucial in order for respective countries to develop climate change adaptation measures to meet the obligation on food production and security. Sub Saharan Africa’s agro- ecological regions are variable and need to develop specific adaptivemeasures to reduce vulnerability to climate change. Due to the changing climatic conditions which the continent has already witnessed many severe climatic induced vulnerability such as decline in rainfall amounts and intensity, reduced length of rain season and increasing warm and occasionally very hot conditions has affected food production and security. Crop and livestock production systems will need to adapt to higher ambient temperatures, lower nutritional value of feed resources and new diseases and parasites occurrence. It can be seen that the present crop and livestock production systems based on pastoral or rangeland grazing husbandry systems, ecological destruction through climatic variability and overgrazing due to high stocking rates in areas where feed and water has been compromised due to high temperatures caused by climate change does not augur well for future livestock productivity. The understanding of climate change variables and their impacts is the first step in climate change research and prerequisite for defining appropriate adaptive responses by local crop and livestock farmers. Sustainable crop and livestock production supporting rural development should be compatible with the goals of curbing the effects of climate change. Production priorities should be directed towards promoting local crop and livestock genetic resources by providing comprehensive research support services on the impact of climate change. Both crops and livestock play important roles in farming systems, as they offer opportunities for risk coping, farm diversification and intensification, and provide significant livelihood benefits and food security. The chapter therefore, concludes that the effectiveness of biophysical responses of crop and livestock production systems to specific environmental challenges that are anticipated as a result of climate change, and then the range of adaptive measures that might be taken by local producers to ameliorate their effects will be the prerequisite for defining appropriate societal responses and meet food security targets Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Climate change Crop Livestock Sub Saharan Africa https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/b3b69ff1d34f5c6b34bb73b1ae4ae370.pdf 08d1b746e066dd867280dae99f542bcf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ENGENDERED INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS IN SMALLHOLDER ANIMAL AGRICULTURE IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN M. MGCINI Description An account of the resource The subject of gender and animal agriculture has attracted attention in recent years, primarily from the need to addressing the gender divide and fulfilling the special needs of women in food production. Animal agriculture is severely constrained by the presence of a wide range of factors that affect both production and productivity of livestock, especially in the poor rural farming communities that don’t have the access to modern and/or conventional livestock management skills. Women in particular, face a number of interlinked constraints that reduce their sustainable contribution of indigenous knowledge to animal agriculture and food security. As a result of this scenario, enhancing animal agriculture; gender equality and utilization of indigenous knowledge as means of promoting food security and reduce poverty has been a challenge in Sub Saharan Africa. It is believed that within the small-holder livestock production systems which is characterized by a generally low input-output system, the sustainability of animal agriculture efforts need to consider indigenous knowledge system as a dominant factor in improving production. Identifying indigenous knowledge systems in animal agriculture that support women’s roles and effort as livestock owners, processors and users of livestock products while strengthening their decision-making power and capabilities, are key aspects in promoting women’s economic and social empowerment, and consequently provides a way to enable rural women to break the cycle of poverty. Women play an important role in animal agriculture through management, processing and marketing, acting as animal care providers, livestock feed gatherers, and animal birth attendants. They take care of milking of animals, although not all women control the sale of milk and its products. Raising awareness concerning the value of gendered indigenous knowledge related to the sustainable use and management of animal agriculture is crucial for alleviating food insecurity and enhancing rural development. The discussion attempt to explore the role of engendered indigenous knowledge systems as they relate to animal agriculture and their implications for improving animal agriculture and food security in Sub Saharan Africa Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Review Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/495eaf1f733b44a1a656af929d1c234a.pdf 6233fabe2efc200bab0eccaa468e7e84 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Website A resource comprising of a web page or web pages and all related assets ( such as images, sound and video files, etc. ). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource EFFECT OF BREED, STAGE OF LACTATION AND NUTRITION ON MILK PRODUCTION TRAITS IN GOATS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource This discussion attempt to explore the influence of breed, stage of lactation and nutrition on milk yield and major milk components in goats. Different breeds protray different lactation curves, this is possibly that their genomes from a genetically point of view are different. Crosses of pure breeds and local goat genetic resources will improve milk production in an extensive traditional system because they will be able to deal with low input that characterize the traditional extensive farming systems. However, nutrition is a vital component in an attempt to maximise milk synthesis in goats, as a result correct feed management is desirable through appropriate estimation of roughage to concentrate intake in order to optimize the utilization of feed supplements. It is suffice to suggest that feeding high producing dairy goat may be a major constraint in milk production, which implies greater attention to diet composition, feed quality, and the physical form of feedstuffs is required. The rate and extent to which a dairy goat is capable of drawing upon body reserves to meet the energy requirement at different stages of lactation is critical in determining her ability to produce and sustain a high level of milk production. In order to increase goat milk production and to ensure high feed efficiency, goat farmers need to pay close attention to the lactation curves of dams within their herds Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Review Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Breed Stage of lactation Goat milk production Nutrition https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/a6c9e8d98d173084b9c792426c90f382.pdf eeb742b14422c0db9c73e805aa2c24ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CUSHIONING WOMEN AGAINST GENDER INEQUALITY THROUGH PROMOTING INDIGENOUS CHICKEN PRODUCTION IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Poultry sub sector is a privileged entry point for promoting gender equality. Gender inequalities in poultry and livestock activities are now more and more acknowledged by governments, scientists, and farmers in sub Saharan Africa. This is on the background that gender inequality has translated into loss of opportunities or potential gains on agricultural production and food security. This has been exacerbated by the fact that the progress in empowering women in agriculture and reducing gender inequality has been slow despite this realization. The paper presents an overview of the development of the indigenous chickens sector in sub Saharan Africa and its implication on addressing gender equality. The assumption is that despite the multitude of socio-economic constraints faced by women in agriculture they are capable of raising indigenous chickens for the welfare of their households, hence promoting indigenous chickens can give women a chance to control more income, reducing gender inequality. Achieving gender equality and women’s empowerment is critical to the success of these development goals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Gender inequality Indigenous chicken Sub Saharan Africa Women https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/6213dca17b9927cdab87cddd0d73566f.pdf 12bc2ce408c183584b7ccecceee78878 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ENSURING EQUITABLE RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND GENDER SENSITIVE POLICIES IN SUPPORTING FOOD PRODUCTION AND SECURITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Gender disparities in resource allocation and non gender responsive policies are important constraint to increasing food production and security in Southern Africa. The discussion attempt to explore the role of equitable resource allocation and development of gender sensitive policies and their implications for improving food production and security in Southern Africa. Gender responsive policies are meant to catalyze a change process for ending gender discrimination and securing women’s access to key productive resources. It is believed that without specific attention to gender issues in food production and security strategies, unknowingly policy may reinforce inequalities between women and men, and may even increase productive resources imbalances. It must be emphasized that addressing gender resource allocation disparities and development of gender sensitive policies is an integral part of enabling women to guarantee their families’—and their own—well- being. Little attention has been paid to the differential impacts of resource allocation disparities and development of gender sensitive policies on food production and security, or to which delivery mechanisms may be more effective in addressing women needs and concerns in food production and security. It is assumed that traditional food production policies are not gender-responsive and typically do not consult women who are the majority end-users, improved varieties and technologies do not take into account women’s needs, preferences, and resources, as a result the high rate of failure of intervention food production and security strategies. However, policy makers should be aware that development and implementation of gender responsive policies and equitable gender resource allocation are likely to be mistaken for violation of social norms or adversely affect gender relations within the household, leading to less successful adoption and potential backlash against women. Thus, interventions that seek to remove obstacles in gender resource allocation need to consider the trade-offs inherent in challenging and respecting gender norms. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Biological Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Food production policy Southern africa Women Resources https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/39cba187c7eddaf7740f23294e7cebdd.pdf 22e3cd6723aa69952d42ff5cff67fc23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN ENHANCING FOOD PRODUCTION AND SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource This discussion explores the opportunities and challenges in enhancing food production and security in the context of climatic variability in Sub Saharan Africa. The promotion of sustainable use of plant and animal products with emphasis on satisfying basic human needs, improving people’s standard of living, enhancing food security and reducing poverty have taken a center stage in Sub Saharan Africa. However, the efforts in this direction are being impacted negatively by climate change, through animal and crop production which have not been spared due to the natural disasters and environmental challenges which have affected all regions of Sub Saharan Africa indiscriminately. Climate is a particularly important driver of food production systems performance at the agriculture end of the food chain. It can affect the quantities and types of food produced as well as production-related income especially for the poor resource farmers. In order to be able to adequately address food production and security in the context of climate, there is need for the region to carry out thorough climatic vulnerability and adaptation assessments. Supporting research and training of experts to carry out vulnerability and adaptation assessments on crop and livestock production is crucial in order for respective countries to develop climate change adaptation measures to meet the obligation on food production and security. Sub Saharan Africa’s agro- ecological regions are variable and need to develop specific adaptive measures to reduce vulnerability to climate change. Due to the changing climatic conditions which the continent has already witnessed many severe climatic induced vulnerability such as decline in rainfall amounts and intensity, reduced length of rain season and increasing warm and occasionally very hot conditions has affected food production and security. Crop and livestock production systems will need to adapt to higher ambient temperatures, lower nutritional value of feed resources and new diseases and parasites occurrence. It can be seen that the present crop and livestock production systems based on pastoral or rangeland grazing husbandry systems, ecological destruction through climatic variability and overgrazing due to high stocking rates in areas where feed and water has been compromised due to high temperatures caused by climate change does not augur well for future livestock productivity. The understanding of climate change variables and their impacts is the first step in climate change research and prerequisite for defining appropriate adaptive responses by local crop and livestock farmers. Sustainable crop and livestock production supporting rural development should be compatible with the goals of curbing the effects of climate change. Production priorities should be directed towards promoting local crop and livestock genetic resources by providing comprehensive research support services on the impact of climate change. Both crops and livestock play important roles in farming systems, as they offer opportunities for risk coping, farm diversification and intensification, and provide significant livelihood benefits and food security. The chapter therefore, concludes that the effectiveness of biophysical responses of crop and livestock production systems to specific environmental challenges that are anticipated as a result of climate change, and then the range of adaptive measures that might be taken by local producers to ameliorate their effects will be the prerequisite for defining appropriate societal responses and meet food security targets Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Climate change Crop Livestock Sub Saharan Africa https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/a978eca1f98cd7beb91f1321d7b7bd15.pdf 14e630a0d6965aaa2cffc2a97dd484ab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GENDER DIFFERENTIATED CLIMATE CHANGE DISCOURSE IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource he discourse on climate change should provide adequate attention to gender differentiated roles and vunerability, either at the local community level and international climate change negotiations because the impact of climate change affects women and men differently. There is a missing link to scientific assessment of climate change and responses to climate through a gender dimension and the policies enacted to mitigate and adapt to its impacts. Currently, there is insufficient knowledge regarding gender differentiated impacts of climate change worldover. However, there has been a consensus that in trying to understand climate change in general, we need to appreciate gender and gender relations. The discussion explores the gender dimension of climate change and the policies enacted to mitigate and adapt to its impacts with the aim of developing gender sensitive approaches with regards to mitigation measures and adaptation strategies in rural communities in developing countrie. Women and men in most developing countries are especially vulnerable to climate when they are highly dependent on local natural resources for their livelihood. It is important to remember, however, that both men and women are not only vulnerable to climate change but they are also effective actors or agents of change in relation to both mitigation and adaptation. The relationship between women and the environment revolves around their concerns for providing family food security, fuel, water, and health care. As climate change research knowledge is accumulating at a remarkable pace, it is intersecting with disasters regarding developing nations in fascinating ways Yet, there remains a significant gap in integrated quantitative and qualitative methods for studying climate change perception and policy support in rural communities. Men and women extensive theoretical and practical knowledge of the environment and resource conservation should be given due consideration. Their potential contribution to climate mitigation by being part of the intervention strategy should be sufficiently exploited Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied ScienceS Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Climate change Developing countries Gender Rural communities https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/f7b80809023bade625a605499b2a6b16.pdf 6d683aba61831b95452cf6b6a584170f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource STRATEGIES AND APPROACHES TO SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Livestock is a dominant agricultural activity in Sub Saharan Africa, which is generally considered a key asset for most rural population and contribute to the livelihoods and nutrition of purely subsistence households. This discussion is a synthesis of possible strategies to consider for sustaianble livestock production, focusing on issues of climate change, gender, smallholder livestock support and use of indigenous knowledge systems, and how these may influence livestock production. There are many measures which need to be explored with the aim of making the livestock systems become driving forces of sustainable agricultural development. One of the major factors responsible for the declining livestock productivity in the region is the relegation to the background of the contributions of women in the issues of livestock production. On the other hand, climate change and variability is now widely regarded as the most serious challenge facing Sub Saharan Africa, with consequences that go far beyond the effects on the environment, hence affecting most communities indiscriminately. Despite the negative impact of climate change on livestock production and biodiversity conservation, poor resources peasant famers are incentivized to engage in these activities because of the wide spectrum of benefits accrued, such as cash income, food, manure, draft power and hauling services, savings and insurance, and social status and social capital. Since time immemmorial, indigenous livestock knowledge systems have been used in smallholder livestock farming sector, while strengthening livestock productivity. These are some of the key aspects in promoting livestock development, through economically and socially empowering local communities, and consequently providing a way to enable rural communities to break the cycle of poverty. In this discussion, some of the strategic steps that can be adopted for future sustainable livestock production, include and not limited to the following: promotion of gender equality and equity in livestock production systems in terms of equal access to livestock productive resources, boosting climate change mitigation startegies, and empowering women in livestock production decision making. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Animal Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Climate change Gender Livestock production Smallholder https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/563739d5981fd57408cfcc892c51b659.pdf cdb2ab8d2cec11fe95a243b3a89bfcf8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ENGENDERED CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT AND RESPONSE KNOWLEDGE, AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSANA, P. SIBANDA Description An account of the resource Gender is a socio-economic variable which can be used to analyze adaptation, vulnerability and resilience of people against climate change and variability in local communities in Sub Saharan Africa (Assan, 2014). Climate change refers to the variation in the global or regional climates over time. It describes changes in the variability or average state of the atmosphere over time scales ranging from a decade to millions of years (Ayoade, 2003). Gender- differentiated impacts of climate change on women and men in developing countries will have detrimental effects on agricultural productivity, biodiversity and ecosystem services. This is because they have the least capacity or opportunity and knowledge to prepare for the impacts of a changing climate given their limited resources (Nelson et al. 2010). According to Nellemann et al., (2011) adaptation, vulnerability and resilience of people to climate change depend upon a range of conditions. These vary from their degree of exposure and dependency upon weather patterns for livelihoods and food security, to varying capacities in adaptation, which are influenced by gender, social status, economic poverty, power, access, and control and ownership over resources in the household, community and society. Climate change is a global phenomenon, with impacts that are already being experienced on a human level, and around the world, many of the most vulnerable communities are already struggling to cope with the impacts of climate change. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that climate change is reshaping human civilization and our knowledge on how we respond to climate change calamities will determine the future of mankind. It is recognised that it is those who are already the most vulnerable and marginalised who experience the greatest impacts (IPCC, 2007), and are in the greatest need of adaptation strategies in the face of shifts in weather patterns and resulting environmental phenomena. There is need for gender sensitive adaptation strategies in the face of existing climate change impacts on human activity and food security, including how these are manifested in different contexts. Men and women experience particular gendered vulnerabilities in climate change induced disasters, therefore there is need to identify the extent to which lack of gender sensitive disater preparedeness action have led to greater risk, and to map out possible engendered strageties for interventions to mitigate the impacts of possible disasters. Empowered with appropriate knowledge, men and women can effectively use this knowledge to advance sustainable use of biodiversity in most communities as a result lessening the impact of climate change. Useful synergies exist which can be used by both men and women for adaptation and mitigation in local communities include conservation agriculture, avoiding deforestation, forest conservation and management, agro-forestry for food and energy, land restoration, recovery of biogas and waste and in general, a wide set of strategies that promote the conservation of soil and water resources by improving their quality, availability and use efficiency. Knowledge on climate change mitigation measures and adaptation strategies should be accurate and available to general populace to accommodate the anticipated changes.The aim of this study is to assess gender disparities in climate change impact and response knowledge in Sub Saharan Africa. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Review Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Adaptation Climate change Gender knowledge Sub Saharan Africa Vulnerability https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/838c3488290be535b5a3ffce0d3f6e24.pdf 60642de9bc46654f5adc64e75207247a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COMMUNITY BASED SMALL SCALE COMMERCIAL CATTLE BREEDING PROGRAMME IN MANGWE DISTRICT OF ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N.T. BIDIA A.B. DUBE A, C.T. KHOMBEA N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource The objective of the study was to assess the impact of the introduction of improved indigenous beef cattle bulls on productivity, herd population dynamics and socioeconomic factors in small scale commercial livestock production areas of Mangwe district in Zimbabwe. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to all 20 participating farmers in the breeding scheme. The data collected included household demographics, herd structure, breeding practices, management, marketing, socio-economic impacts, challenges and impacts of withdrawal of funds on the breeding project by donors. Data analysis was perfomed using statistical package for social science (SSPS), version 16 for descriptive statistics. The herd sizes increased by 77%, 96%, 71%, and 60% for the White Brahman, Black Brahman, Tuli and Nguni, respectively. The highest number of offspring was sired by the White Brahman (4 per year per farmer).The Tuli and Nguni bulls contributed the least number of offspringof 2 per year per farmer. The mean age at first calving from the progeny of the White Brahman, Black Brahman, Tuli and Nguni were 36 ± 0 , 34,5 ± 2.12 , 33.75± 2.26, 35 ± 1.73 months, respectively. The main challenges affecting the programme were lack of adequate feed, uncontrolled mating and lack of functional fences. The withdrawal of support funds on the breeding programme resulted in collapse of the restocking program and lack of improvement of water points. It was concluded that improved indigenous cattle genetic resources can survive, reproduce under low input communal systems. Therefore, community based breeding schemes are a viable and sustainable option in improving beef production in the country Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Cattle breeding Indigenous cattle Small scale commercial Zimbabwe https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8301308cf10bcf9c2d851275af02cb50.pdf f0383ca376e2d4de5e82b1febefe4640 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SUNFLOWER BASED RATIONS FOR SMALL-MEDIUM MILK PRODUCING DAIRY COWS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N.T. NGONGONI C. MAPIYE M. MWALE B. MUPETA M. CHIMONYO Description An account of the resource Two dairy concentrates (ram press sunflower and sunflower heads) were formulated locally and their effects on the performance of crossbred dairy cows were compared with that of a commercial dairy concentrate. There were no significant differences in body condition and milk production responses by crossbred dairy cows to sunflower based diets compared to commercial dairy concentrates (p > 0.05). It was suggested that the sunflower based rations can be used as cheaper alternatives to conventional dairy concentrates. The ram press sunflower cake, in particular is an option that may be used by smallholder dairy farmers to formulate local dairy concentrate, which influence dairying to a similar extent as the commercial dairy concentrate but cheaply. More research is required to determine fermentation patterns, rumen microbial protein synthesis, true intestinal digestibility and absorption of nutrients from sunflower-based diets at the small intestines in crossbred dairy cows Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pakistan Journal of Nutrition Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 Crossbred dairy cow live-weight milk yield ram press sunflower cake sunflower heads https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/51db372e6b6f4177ca748e46a5681512.pdf a79b453b412fa0991c2d87b9b3454733 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource AN ASSESSMENT OF THE INNOVATIVE MEASURES EMPLOYED BY SMALL TO MEDIUM SIZE HOTELS IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEHEMIYA NDHLOVU Description An account of the resource The study sought to explore innovative measures employed by small to medium size independent hotels. The study employed the interpretivist paradigm and used the qualitative approach with a multiple case-study design. The population of the study comprised all the managers and junior staff in five small to medium size independent hotels in Harare. The sample of the study comprised fourteen managers and thirty junior staff purposively selected from the hotels. Qualitative data were generated through focus group discussions and qualitative interviews and were analysed for content using thematic analysis. Issues of data trustworthiness were addressed. Credibility was achieved by adopting appropriate and well recognised research methods while transferability was achieved through the provision of background data to establish context of the study and to allow comparisons to be made. Dependability was achieved through the use of “overlapping methods” and confirmability was achieved through triangulation and provision of in-depth methodological description. The study found that small to medium size independent hotels in Harare did not effectively implement the innovative measures in the management of business. The study further revealed that there were quite a number of major challenges faced by small to medium size hotels in embracing innovation. The study recommends that SMEs must strategically plan for innovation and effectively implement innovative measures. The study also recommends that small to medium size independent hotels should address innovation in a more integrated and systematic way and should use strategic measures to improve their operations. Further studies need to be conducted across a number of industries and the results should be compared across different industries and in the same industry over time. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY innovation small to medium scale enterprises https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/0ac22be4a8cf97840e6907fee4c02148.pdf 0405685c86aed93ffe3bd6e06fea012b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CROSSBREEDING AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR SMALL-SCALE ANIMAL AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA: OUTCOMES, BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN ENOCK MUTEYO EDMORE MASAMA TAKUDZWA MAFIGU TINASHE MUJATI Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Advances in Modern Agriculture Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Africa animal agriculture community based breeding program Crossbreeding genomics local animal genetic resources phenomics Smallholder https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/fc4f03e7d5149bf6337233d0520343f3.pdf a95dfcdb4bee8f7da689fbd65c10b645 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY WEIGHT AND LINEAR BODY MEASUREMENTS AT VARIOUS STAGES OF PERMANENT TOOTH ERUPTION IN INDIGENOUS¬MATEBELE FEMALE GOATS OF Z IMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN MICHAEL MUSASIRA MAPHIOS MPOFU NICHOLAS M WAYERA4 KWENA MOKOENA5 THOBELA LOUIS TYASI Description An account of the resource his study aimed to evaluate the influence of dental age on predicting body weight (BWT) using Linear body measurements (LBM) in 168 indigenous Matebele goat females of Zimbabwe. LBM and BWT were recorded at various stages of permanent incisor eruption (PE): second pair (I2), third pair (I3), fourth pair (I4), full mouth (FM), and broken mouth (BM). The LBMs were measured using a ruler and centimeter-calibrated tailor’s tape, while BWT was measured using an electronic weighing scale in kilograms. The correlation between BWT and LMBs was assessed using Pearson’s correlation and regression were used for data analysis. The highest correlation was observed between body length (BL) and rump height (RH) (r = 0.70), while BWT and heart girth (HG) showed a significant correlation (r = 0.68) (p<0.05) at I2 stage. Simple regression models demonstrated good predictive power on BWT at the FM stage for HG (R2 = 74%), BL (R2 = 65%), and WT (R2 = 53%) (p<0.05). The predictive power of multiple regression models for I3 was slightly reduced when non-significant components were removed. The findings suggest that HG is the best predictor of BWT during the I3 to FM tooth eruption phases, supporting genetic improvement and selection of replacement females based on LBM. The study concludes that dentition-based age determination influences the cor- relation between BWT and LBMs in female indigenous goats, with the strongest correlation observed between I2 and I4 eruption periods. Combining HG and RH can optimize body weight prediction for I3 females by reducing variables in the model. The results highlight the importance of dentition-based age estimation and morphometric feature-based body weight prediction in small ruminants, particularly in small-scale animal agriculture where scales and record-keep- ing are often lacking Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Body weight Dentition indigenous Matebele Goat Linear body measurements Zimbabwe https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/060b6e3d5dc492df1a7e755820c77509.pdf 22e3cd6723aa69952d42ff5cff67fc23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN ENHANCING FOOD PRODUCTION AND SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource This discussion explores the opportunities and challenges in enhancing food production and security in the context of climatic variability in Sub Saharan Africa. The promotion of sustainable use of plant and animal products with emphasis on satisfying basic human needs, improving people’s standard of living, enhancing food security and reducing poverty have taken a center stage in Sub Saharan Africa. However, the efforts in this direction are being impacted negatively by climate change, through animal and crop production which have not been spared due to the natural disasters and environmental challenges which have affected all regions of Sub Saharan Africa indiscriminately. Climate is a particularly important driver of food production systems performance at the agriculture end of the food chain. It can affect the quantities and types of food produced as well as production-related income especially for the poor resource farmers. In order to be able to adequately address food production and security in the context of climate, there is need for the region to carry out thorough climatic vulnerability and adaptation assessments. Supporting research and training of experts to carry out vulnerability and adaptation assessments on crop and livestock production is crucial in order for respective countries to develop climate change adaptation measures to meet the obligation on food production and security. Sub Saharan Africa’s agro ecological regions are variable and need to develop specific adaptive measures to reduce vulnerability to climate change. Due to the changing climatic conditions which the continent has already witnessed many severe climatic induced vulnerability such as decline in rainfall amounts and intensity, reduced length of rain season and increasing warm and occasionally very hot conditions has affected food production and security. Crop and livestock production systems will need to adapt to higher ambient temperatures, lower nutritional value of feed resources and new diseases and parasites occurrence. It can be seen that the present crop and livestock production systems based on pastoral or rangeland grazing husbandry systems, ecological destruction through climatic variability and overgrazing due to high stocking rates in areas where feed and water has been compromised due to high temperatures caused by climate change does not augur well for future livestock productivity. The understanding of climate change variables and their impacts is the first step in climate change research and prerequisite for defining appropriate adaptive responses by local crop and livestock farmers. Sustainable crop and livestock production supporting rural development should be compatible with the goals of curbing the effects of climate change. Production priorities should be directed towards promoting local crop and livestock genetic resources by providing comprehensive research support services on the impact of climate change. Both crops and livestock play important roles in farming systems, as they offer opportunities for risk coping, farm diversification and intensification, and provide significant livelihood benefits and food security. The chapter therefore, concludes that the effectiveness of biophysical responses of crop and livestock production systems to specific environmental challenges that are anticipated as a result of climate change, and then the range of adaptive measures that might be taken by local producers to ameliorate their effects will be the prerequisite for defining appropriate societal responses and meet food security targets. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Climate change Crop Livestock Sub Saharan Africa