11 25 486 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/a5139ecbce9055feb8740d89f3ef3d93.pdf 4222389200f02d5c5363fb52b0458018 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource USING LIVELIHOOD PROFILES FOR ASSESSING CONTEXT IN ICT4D RESARCH: A CASE STUDY OF ZIMBABWE’S HIGHVELD PRIME COMMUNAL Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource SAM TAKAVARASHA JR GILFORD HAPANYENGWI GABRIEL KABANDA Description An account of the resource The importance of context specific ICT4D innovation has been highlighted in Information Systems research by the short-comings of a-contextual innovation. This has often been accepted without due understanding of how to develop context specific interventions. There is therefore a need for a framework that elucidates ICT4D contextualisation and guides the development of context specific interventions. This should be useful to practitioners that are constantly advised to develop context specific artefacts without any clarity of how to do so. Using evidence from Zimbabwe this paper proposes the use of livelihood profiles for identifying the livelihood issues that matter in a particular locality and Sen’s Capability Approach for assessing the opportunity freedoms to exploit the local livelihoods. This is presented as a systematic way of establishing the context under which ICT4D interventions will be deployed. The study uses focus groups under an interpretivist paradigm to investigate contextual issues in Zimbabwe Highveld Prime Communal livelihood zone. The study found a politically polarised contextual setting characterised by poor agricultural finance, ineffective crop and livestock markets, unrewarding labour markets against a good agricultural climate that is affected by cyclical droughts. As a result the study posits that ICT4D innovations for the zone must be designed to operate under these realities and limitations Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available EJISDC Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/c2dca335efb4b04eaaeaf9dfd769d2c2.pdf 61079f74ca48b3e6c0668e636c3623d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UTILIZING INTERVENTIONIST - PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH STRATEGIES IN ESTABLISHING THE EFFICACY OF E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGY IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DAVID CHAKUCHICHI Description An account of the resource Research in open and distance learning (ODL), in an era of technological advancement, e-learning innovations, social inclusion and multiculturalism, should essentially take cognisance of the cognitive situates of the participants. The interventionist participatory approach, grounded in the critical inquiry research paradigm. was found to be most appropriate in establishing efficacy of e-learning technology since it is open, descriptive, critical, interactive and eclectic while fostering the co-construction of meanings by both researchers and participants. Most importantly, interventionist participatory approaches enable ODL practitioners and participants to be active in analyzing issues and finding solutions to their problems in the face of e-learning technology. E- learning which involves the students’ interface with a whole range of information computer technology creates a new culture in ODL. Online programmes are fast becoming the norm for a student population that lacks the requisite skills. E- learning therefore presents anxieties as students try to fit in the new ODL environment. Appropriate evidence based research strategies are therefore imperative in order to establish the efficacy of the e-learning technology in the context of the ODL practitioner and students. Traditional research strategies still ignore the complex interaction between technological interventions and learner capacities to utilize them. In ODL, both practitioners and participants need to be integral in the process of problem analysis, development of solutions and the strengthening and formation of initiatives which give the ODL students a voice to define the efficacy of the e-learning innovations at their disposal. The interventionist-participatory research strategies take into consideration the role and complexities of the social contexts of the ODL learner and the potential for influencing ODL practices, products and programmes. Thus interventionist participatory strategies are well placed as evidence based research strategies to evaluate the efficacy of e-learning technology and in the transformation of ODL theory and practice Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Distance association of Southen Africa (DEASA) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 e-learning Interventionist Open and Distance Learning https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8d77536ecd9a1abd33876a19d494418d.pdf 92216138ac983da56760fc1d64776ac7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VALUE STATEMENTS DIFFER FROM FACTUAL STATEMENTS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DR. S. B. M. MARUME R.R. JUBENKANDA W. NAMUSI N. C. MADZIYIRE Description An account of the resource In axiology it is customary to make a clear distinction between facts and values. A corresponding distinction is made between value statements and factual statements. This distinction constitutes the subject of this article Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Engineering Science Invention Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 and values axiology custom facts https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/41ba66bdf4c5091f5c7cae232f47c0ae.pdf 52f2ac7b44057cca989dc8e45c7a0c9b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VIABILITY OF SMALLHOLDER DAIRYING IN WEDZA, ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource PLAXEDIS IVY ZVINOROVA TINYIKO EDWARD HALIMANI RENNETH T. MANO NOBBERT TAKARWIRWA NGONGONI Description An account of the resource Viability differences in smallholder dairy farming are a result of differences in access to markets and services. It is hypothesized that innovations that improve productivity and market linkages also improve returns and viability. The viability of smallholder dairying in Wedza was characterised by interviewing 52 households using semi-structured ques- tionnaires. Information on demographics, production, mar- keting, livestock numbers, assets and constraints was obtained. Farmers were resource-constrained with differen- ces in access to resources. The highly resourced farmers had higher milk output and numbers of livestock. Almost 40 % of the households were female-headed, and these dominated the poor category. Household sizes ranged from 4 to 13 persons. Milk off-take was low (3.7±0.53 l/cow/day), due to various constraints. Only rich farmers had viable enter- prises in purely financial terms. Per litre cost of milk was more than selling price (US$0.96) for most farmers except the relatively rich. Operating ratios were 1.7, 0.6, 1.4 and 1.1 for the poor, rich, sub-centre and milk collection centre farmers, respectively. This means incomes from the dairy activities did not cover costs. Sensitivity analysis indicated that increases in total variable costs and labour reduced returns. Milk production and viability were influenced by access to resources and markets. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Trop Anim Health Prod Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Mixed crop–livestock production Resource-driven farming systems Sensitivity analysis https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8716695efe2e9d28c05a8890f601e821.pdf 009d876e3cbc97e6b8d7064d2f84f2a9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VINE HARVESTING FREQUENCY IMPACT ON TUBER YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF COMMONEST SWEET POTATO CULTIVAR IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource C. MVUMI B. ZENDERA B. MASHAYAMOMBE Description An account of the resource Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) root tubers and vines are important for human and animal nutritional requirements, respectively; the vines being additionally used for propagation, but root tuber yield is greatly affected by vine harvesting frequency. This study aimed at assessing the potential effect of vine harvesting frequency of sweet potato German 11 cultivar on attributes of root tuber yield under sprinkler irrigation after 140 days from planting. Treatments used consisted of vine harvesting once (VHO) at 8 weeks after planting, 2 times (VH2T) at 8 and 10 weeks after planting; 3 times (VH3T) at 8, 10 and 12 weeks after planting; and 4 times (VH4T) at 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12 weeks and at 14 weeks after planting. No vine harvesting was the control. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Results revealed that vine harvesting frequency had a relative effect on all root tuber yield attributes of sweet potato. The lower the vine harvesting frequency the higher the yield obtained. Vines harvested once (VHO) at 8 weeks significantly (P<0.001) increased root tuber dry matter (DM) (29.3%) and total root tuber yield (14.5 t ha-1) as compared to VH4T, and also gave optimum results in all the root tuber yield parameters measured. Based on the results, optimum German 11 cultivar production capacity is achieved when vine harvesting for livestock feeding and propagation is done only once at 8 weeks Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 German 11 Nutritional requirements Propagation Root tuber yield https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/3a7dfdfb9a76e97f4a8865814e91eb25.pdf a24fc1611ffe90b027ebe4b418f595e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GENDER, AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT AND VULNERABILITY OF RESOURCE POOR FARMERS IN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Gender is a socio-economic variable which can be used to analyze vulnerability and adaptive capacity of people against climate change and variability in local communities in Africa. Due to climatic change and variability, achieving sustainability inagriculture with emphasis on satisfying basic human needs and improving people’s standard of living through enhancing food security and reducing poverty has been a challenge in Africa. This has been exacerbated by the fact that rapid increase in human population has outpaced the ability to produce sufficient food for the growing population. This discussion attempt to link gender vulnerability to climate change impact on resource poor peasant farmers in Africa. Climate change and variability is now widely regarded as the most serious challenge facing Africa, with consequences that go far beyond the effects on the environment, hence affecting both men and women indiscriminately. Despite the negative impact of climate change on crop, livestock production and biodiversity conservation, poor resources peasant famers are incentivized to engage in these activities because of the wide spectrum of benefits accrued, such as cash income, food, manure, draft power and hauling services, savings and insurance, and social status and social capital. It is against this background that crops and livestock species that remarkably possess distinctive qualities enabling them to excel efficiently in the context of the uncertainties of climatic variability need to be promoted to reduce vulnerability at household level. The use of adaptive genotypes such as the local animal and crop genetic resources may sustain household production in the context of climate change. Small grain crops (sorghum, millet, cow peas. pigeon peas etc) and small stock (goats, sheep, poultry, etc) which are associated with women are less likely to succumb to climate change than the large ruminants which are owned by men. It is reasonably to suggest that the exclusion – or lack of participation – of women in decision making over biodiversity conservation and natural resource management can have implications for conservation outcomes because of gender role differences in natural resources utilization and conservation based on indigenous knowledge. The review concludes that the impact of climate change will have a graver effect on womenthan men, due to their different specific socio economic roles and their participation in different agricultural activities and biodiversity conservation effort. The range of adaptive measures that might be taken for local communities to ameliorate climate change effects should take into account gender differentials, if they are to succeed. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Africa Climate change Gender. Agriculture Natural biodiversity https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/1d636e87115b2084721833c622729f30.pdf 5c78716641559f5eaceb516d373e87b6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICES THAT INVOLVE COMMUNITIES Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource JONAH MUGUTI RITTAH KASOWE TONDERAI M. CHIUNYE, TAURAI L. CHINYANGANYA Description An account of the resource The aim of the study was to explore challenges faced by local authorities in the management of solid wastes, and to establish the kind of linkages that exist between the ratepayers and local authorities. The study also focused on discovering what information needs exist among urban ratepayers about waste disposal. A descriptive survey design was used and involved informants from Bindura Municipality. These included council officials, ratepayers and the business community. The main questions of pursuit were: • What challenges face the town in its efforts to dispose of solid wastes? • What information about waste disposal do ratepayers of the town have? • What linkages should exist between local authority and ratepayers to ensure effective waste disposal? The data collected were transcribed and themes developed in line with existing theories. Percentage frequencies were also computed for the quantitative data. It was hoped that the results of the study would help to create baseline knowledge for funding proposals in waste management. Community participation will also encourage entrepreneurs to play a meaningful role in the town’s waste management programmes Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Greener Journal of Environmental Management and Public Safety Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Participation. https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/32f16d488efe374666d2fd5f55b98c42.pdf c159d8a217433fa1dca2d0c41c3a0f9a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource FRESH WATER SOURCES POLLUTION: A HUMAN RELATED THREAT TO FRESH WATER SECURITY IN SOUTH AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource MAXWELL CONSTANTINE CHANDO MUSINGAFi TOM TOM Description An account of the resource This paper is mainly an overview of the challenge of human induced water sources pollution in South Africa. The major line of argument in this paper is that the rapidly growing population, urbanisation, agricultural, industrial and mining activity in South Africa pose a threat to availability, accessibility and quality of potable water resources in the country. This is more acute in the major centres of economic activity; for example in the Gauteng Province, where the Johannesburg and the Tshwane metropolitan municipalities are situated. To make matters worse these cities are located upstream of the water system drainage in the catchment area and effluent disposal is directly into the raw water reservoirs posing serious threat to both human life and the ecosystem. The government of South Africa has to take pollution control policies and their implementation as a serious governance issue. The country has to take a clue from the developed countries where pollution- control laws have helped to clean up rivers, lakes and streams. Our final conclusion is that, in South Africa, like anywhere else in the world, freshwater management and governance is of critical importance to avoid artificial freshwater shortages. The supply and demand for water, and therefore its abundance or scarcity, depend significantly on the management of the resource and its use. Poor management may create functional water scarcity even in a country with seemingly abundant supplies of fresh water. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Journal of Public policy and Governance Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 accessibility availability corruption fresh water governance management https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/0d206f5b6bbb07adc65fa13713f8f8bb.pdf ec7ef5129272f0637ae19f5db5cf0655 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource WEANING AGE/TIME BASED MODEL INFLUENCING PERFORMANCE IN GOATS AND SHEEP MEAT PRODUCTION Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource Weaning is an essential animal husbandry intervention which has<br />been associated with nutritional stress that interferes with both animal’s<br />behavioral and physiological responses consequently influencing post<br />weaning growth performance in goats and sheep production. The timing<br />of weaning and/or weaning age of kids/lambs becomes critical in<br />determination of flock performance with the intention of maximizing<br />meat productivity and improving profitability. There are two possibilities<br />that exist in deciding on weaning age of kids/lambs, thus early and late<br />weaning, however, the decision on when to wean is dependent mainly<br />on the production environment and purpose, as well as the dam<br />welfare. Age at weaning differ greatly in sheep and goats, therefrom 14<br />days to natural weaning, and exceeding four months of age. In sheep<br />production effective early weaning has been practiced untimely at 14<br />days; in goats’ kids have been weaned early successfully at 28 days. Early<br />weaning is considered traditionally weaning ahead of the 90 days of age;<br />60 days is most widely used; age thereafter qualifies for late weaning.<br />The age at weaning greatly influences post weaning animal<br />performance, however if not timed properly it would impact negatively<br />also on weaner survival rates. Weaning itself is a very stressful<br />procedure and subjecting kids/lambs to further stress which directly<br />impinge on the kid/lamb’s immunity consequently increasing their<br />susceptibility to diseases and reduced weight gain. There is need for age<br />of weaning to balance the potential positive impacts on the ewes/does<br />to rebreed, with potential negative impacts on the kid/lamb growth<br />performance and survivability. Early weaning has become an effective husbandry practice especially in advanced goat and sheep production<br />systems, which focuses on shortened female breeding reproductive<br />cycle, while enhancing meat productivity through increased frequency of<br />kidding/lambing. It is important to consider weaning age in relation to<br />nutritional strategies which provide adequate time for diet transition<br />which is intended not to compromise feed utilization and feed<br />conversion efficiency in kids/lambs consequently reducing growth<br />performance. The effectiveness of weaning age and anticipated live<br />weight gains post-weaning is dependent on nutritional management<br />especially concentrate supplementation which may promote<br />performance and productivity in pastured based systems. Late weaning<br />is probably convenient for less prolific goat and sheep breeds and<br />genotypes not selected for their growth potential. It should be<br />acknowledged that there is interaction between weaning age with other<br />factors such as nutrition, sex and weight of animal. Some of the goat and<br />sheep producers worldwide have shifted to use of weight based<br />weaning model, similar age but with different weights, heavier lambs<br />have superior development efficiency during lactation. The present<br />review gives an insight on the consequences of early and late weaning<br />on animal’s post weaning performance in small ruminants Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Goats Performance parameters Sheep Weaning age https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/3d1f8420bb99002159041761807dc1d9.pdf e89c985c2d7e68c3835a5b2dd8f0a42b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource WHO IS DISENGAGING THE GEAR? IS SCHOOL LEADERSHIP THE IMPEDIMENT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW CURRICULUM IN ZIMBABWE? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource PAUL MUPA Description An account of the resource School leadership is there to build ‘learning bridges’ between learners and the curriculum content (Everand, Morris & Wilson, 2004, p. x). This study seeks to investigate challenges that school leadership face in the implementation of the new curriculum in Zimbabwean primary schools. It particularly examines the dissonance between the current implementation level and the expected standard of implementation. The implementation of a new curriculum requires effective school leadership (Bennett, Crawford & Cartwright, 2003). The key stakeholder in the process of curriculum implementation in any education system is school leadership. This article argues that school leadership should have a clear picture of what to do and how for effective implementation of any new curriculum. The curriculum introduced in Zimbabwe is not spared. The study was located within the qualitative paradigm using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to generate. Purposive sampling was done to select information rich cases from among school leaders in Masvingo Province. The study highlighted a number of complex challenges linked to school leadership which include the problem of suffering from multiple meanings and conceptual complexity of the new curriculum and lack of orientation on the new curriculum. The study also revealed that school leadership has not been sufficiently retrained for fitness of purpose. The study thus recommends retooling of school leadership so that they develop the craft competency needed in the implementation of the new curriculum. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African Perspectives of Research in Teaching & Learning Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 craft competency craft literacy curriculum curriculum implementation implementation leadership perspectives school leadership https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/e8f44b367fc4a6806990643933be624a.pdf c26c22859c29c82d9b1a6b752e084893 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource WHY DO FEMALE STREET VENDORS EARN LESS THAN MALE STREET VENDORS IN HARARE? Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource TAVONGA NJAYA STANLEY IDANAI MURANGWA Description An account of the resource The study explored the factors that influenced income disparities betweenmaleand female street vendors in Harare, the capital city ofZimbabwe.Qualitative data collection techniques used in the study included in-depth personal interviews, focus group discussions, direct observations and document reviews. The study observed three categories of street vendors, namely, stationary, peripatetic and mobile vendors. Although street vending reflected the face of a woman in Harare, a majority of the female street vendors earned less than their male counterparts. The reasons for low sales and hence low daily incomes for female street vendors were varied and includeddisruptions caused by household chores including child-care; stiff competition from rising number of street vendors;men grabbed bigger vending space and more strategic vending sites; low capital investment; a majority of women traded in low volume and perishable goods such as vegetables, fruits and cooked food and less lucrative goods; female street vendors had less access to productive tools and financial capital and worked as commission agents or employees of other vendors; gender bias towards some goods like leather and electronic products which generally required a substantial investment that could only be made by male vendors and female street vendors operated in insecure and illegal spaces where they became easy targets of eviction and confiscation. The major problem faced by women vendors was that street vending was illegal in Zimbabwe. The government should formally recognise the economic activities of the street vendors which would allow them to carry on their work with dignity and freedom Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Business and Management Invention Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Gender Harare street vendor income-disparity urban public space https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/5dce336b1b72491a6892443ab2f83c71.pdf 47b15700e70e215033aadab4f757e226 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource TAVONGA NJAYA Description An account of the resource The primary aim of the study was to uncover demographic and socio-economic details and reasons for opting for open and distance learning. Although the focus was on women learners, the study adopted a gender approach in assessing access to university education through open and distance learning in order to study both men and women. This helped to interrogate, articulate and analyse the gender construction of distance education learners and delivery of open and distance learning at the Zimbabwe Open University. Women constitute a substantial proportion of those marginalised by conventional systems of learning at university level. The problems of access to tertiary education are mostly restrictive socio-economic factors. Data collection techniques included interviews, focus groups and document reviews. Using the elicitation approach, forty-five learners and seven graduates were selected on the basis of representativeness in terms of academic level and discipline. Data were analysed using statistical tests and descriptive or thematic analysis. The study revealed that a significant number of respondents were working married women with children who found open and distance learning framework more compatible with their multiple tasks; household chores, education, wage work, family, relatives and community at large. The findings showed that open and distance learning helped women to circumvent constraints of time, space, resources and socio-economic barriers thereby significantly contributing to their empowerment. A majority of women took a break to attend to their multiple duties either during or after undergraduate studies Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Empowerment gender approach household learner open access. women https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/d2139f9948d40c9076e17baf4b665914.pdf ae1b0e67535f9e0f36b2e508ff57ee3f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource WOMEN RE-DEFINING THEMSELVES IN THE CONTEXT OF HIV AND AIDS: INSIGHTS FROM TENDAYI WESTERHOF’S UNLUCKY IN LOVE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ANNA CHITANDO Description An account of the resource 8 Women Re-defining Themselves in the Context of HIV and AIDS: Insights from Tendayi Westerhof’s Unlucky in Love Anna Chitando Introduction In a literary landscape that has been dominated by male voices, Westerhof’s auto/biographical text subverts several assumptions, principally the unstated underprivileging of female agency. She fur- ther performs a sacrilegious desecration through a triumphalist nar- rative of a taboo subject: HIV and AIDS and openly celebrating her personhood, even though mired in divorce and disease. This chapter focuses on Westerhof’s Unlucky in Love (2005), a novel about a woman who marries and divorces. Rumbidzai (Rumbi for short) is a mother of four. She is HIV positive and strives to make her life meaningful in an environment that is characterised by oppressive masculinities. This chapter attempts to resolve what has been left hanging by Tagwira with regards women’s vulnerability to HIV and AIDS, their survival strategies, as well as their attempt to reconstruct positive identi- ties. Theoretically, this chapter is informed by the critical works of African womanists and feminists such as Grace, Saadawi, Gaidzanwa and Moyana. Saadawi (2007) insists that women must refuse to suc- cumb to patriarchal dictates. In a recent chapter on Saadawi, Zucker (2010) has brought out Saadawi’s determination to empower women. Firdaus, a key personality in Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero, murders a man and recovers control of her destiny. Zucker comments on the novel: In Woman at Point Zero, El Saadawi shows us what a human being will do in spite of cultural sufferings to feel some degree of personal power and freedom. She has woven a multi-generic tale of a woman whose life embodies an inter-gendered outlook; Firdausi has suffered as women do in her culture and has grad- ually assumed aspects of masculine power generally off-limits to Egyptian women. Indeed, her coming to power results from her re-authoring her life against the gendered constraints of her soci- ety. Firdaus earns her own money and decides how to publicly spend it. She selects the job that avails her of a better lifestyle and chooses with whom she will or will not have sex. And finally, she acts out her rage at the appropriate target. (Zucker 2010:248–249) This powerful passage demonstrates that, when cornered, women are willing to “murder” patriarchy in order to re-define themselves and recover their agency. Gaidzanwa (1985:14) questions male author- ity that only feels that “motherhood is respectable and held in high esteem as long as it goes with or is preceded by socially approved wifehood”. How men prescribe inferior roles that women have to play in society is also underscored by Moyana (2006), whose anal- ysis of the portrayal of women in some of Mungoshi’s short stories shows that women are supposed to be underlings in society. Moyana goes on to show that, against this phallocentric logic, some female characters are determined to defy patriarchy and that it is these assertive women who create the basis from which it is conceivable to imagine that women can challenge the multiple sources of their oppressions. Ngoshi and Pasi (2007) add that the agency of people affected by HIV and AIDS must be framed as subjects, not objects. These perspectives on women struggling to realise their freedoms in a context of HIV and AIDS and the male-induced stigma are used in this chapter to unravel how black women fight for their voices and to be heard in predominantly patriarchal and capitalist society Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Palgrave Macmillan Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource 2014 HIV nd AIDS Women https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/2d52ace27a89816f4ac7d0ec0e3c1b8c.pdf fcf9748ecf30a0d6585b4bd268f317b2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF ADEQUATE AND INADEQUATE INORGANIC FERTILIZER RATES ON THE YIELD LEVELS OF PAPRIKA IN MUTASA RESETTLEMENT AREA, MANICALAND PROVINCE, ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CULVER MVUMI adequate/ inadequate fertilizer Paprika rate https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/b87207e5eaaaacdc90ad0800f43be67d.pdf 22e3cd6723aa69952d42ff5cff67fc23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN ENHANCING FOOD PRODUCTION AND SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource his discussion explores the opportunities and challenges in enhancing food production and security in the context of climatic variability in Sub Saharan Africa. The promotion of sustainable use of plant and animal products with emphasis on satisfying basic human needs, improving people’s standard of living, enhancing food security and reducing poverty have taken a center stage in Sub Saharan Africa. However, the efforts in this direction are being impacted negatively by climate change, through animal and crop production which have not been spared due to the natural disasters and environmental challenges which have affected all regions of Sub Saharan Africa indiscriminately. Climate is a particularly important driver of food production systems performance at the agriculture end of the food chain. It can affect the quantities and types of food produced as well as production-related income especially for the poor resource farmers. In order to be able to adequately address food production and security in the context of climate, there is need for the region to carry out thorough climatic vulnerability and adaptation assessments. Supporting research and training of experts to carry out vulnerability and adaptation assessments on crop and livestock production is crucial in order for respective countries to develop climate change adaptation measures to meet the obligation on food production and security. Sub Saharan Africa’s agro- ecological regions are variable and need to develop specific adaptivemeasures to reduce vulnerability to climate change. Due to the changing climatic conditions which the continent has already witnessed many severe climatic induced vulnerability such as decline in rainfall amounts and intensity, reduced length of rain season and increasing warm and occasionally very hot conditions has affected food production and security. Crop and livestock production systems will need to adapt to higher ambient temperatures, lower nutritional value of feed resources and new diseases and parasites occurrence. It can be seen that the present crop and livestock production systems based on pastoral or rangeland grazing husbandry systems, ecological destruction through climatic variability and overgrazing due to high stocking rates in areas where feed and water has been compromised due to high temperatures caused by climate change does not augur well for future livestock productivity. The understanding of climate change variables and their impacts is the first step in climate change research and prerequisite for defining appropriate adaptive responses by local crop and livestock farmers. Sustainable crop and livestock production supporting rural development should be compatible with the goals of curbing the effects of climate change. Production priorities should be directed towards promoting local crop and livestock genetic resources by providing comprehensive research support services on the impact of climate change. Both crops and livestock play important roles in farming systems, as they offer opportunities for risk coping, farm diversification and intensification, and provide significant livelihood benefits and food security. The chapter therefore, concludes that the effectiveness of biophysical responses of crop and livestock production systems to specific environmental challenges that are anticipated as a result of climate change, and then the range of adaptive measures that might be taken by local producers to ameliorate their effects will be the prerequisite for defining appropriate societal responses and meet food security targets Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Climate change Crop Livestock Sub Saharan Africa https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/b3b69ff1d34f5c6b34bb73b1ae4ae370.pdf 08d1b746e066dd867280dae99f542bcf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ENGENDERED INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS IN SMALLHOLDER ANIMAL AGRICULTURE IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN M. MGCINI Description An account of the resource The subject of gender and animal agriculture has attracted attention in recent years, primarily from the need to addressing the gender divide and fulfilling the special needs of women in food production. Animal agriculture is severely constrained by the presence of a wide range of factors that affect both production and productivity of livestock, especially in the poor rural farming communities that don’t have the access to modern and/or conventional livestock management skills. Women in particular, face a number of interlinked constraints that reduce their sustainable contribution of indigenous knowledge to animal agriculture and food security. As a result of this scenario, enhancing animal agriculture; gender equality and utilization of indigenous knowledge as means of promoting food security and reduce poverty has been a challenge in Sub Saharan Africa. It is believed that within the small-holder livestock production systems which is characterized by a generally low input-output system, the sustainability of animal agriculture efforts need to consider indigenous knowledge system as a dominant factor in improving production. Identifying indigenous knowledge systems in animal agriculture that support women’s roles and effort as livestock owners, processors and users of livestock products while strengthening their decision-making power and capabilities, are key aspects in promoting women’s economic and social empowerment, and consequently provides a way to enable rural women to break the cycle of poverty. Women play an important role in animal agriculture through management, processing and marketing, acting as animal care providers, livestock feed gatherers, and animal birth attendants. They take care of milking of animals, although not all women control the sale of milk and its products. Raising awareness concerning the value of gendered indigenous knowledge related to the sustainable use and management of animal agriculture is crucial for alleviating food insecurity and enhancing rural development. The discussion attempt to explore the role of engendered indigenous knowledge systems as they relate to animal agriculture and their implications for improving animal agriculture and food security in Sub Saharan Africa Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Review Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/495eaf1f733b44a1a656af929d1c234a.pdf 6233fabe2efc200bab0eccaa468e7e84 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Website A resource comprising of a web page or web pages and all related assets ( such as images, sound and video files, etc. ). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource EFFECT OF BREED, STAGE OF LACTATION AND NUTRITION ON MILK PRODUCTION TRAITS IN GOATS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource This discussion attempt to explore the influence of breed, stage of lactation and nutrition on milk yield and major milk components in goats. Different breeds protray different lactation curves, this is possibly that their genomes from a genetically point of view are different. Crosses of pure breeds and local goat genetic resources will improve milk production in an extensive traditional system because they will be able to deal with low input that characterize the traditional extensive farming systems. However, nutrition is a vital component in an attempt to maximise milk synthesis in goats, as a result correct feed management is desirable through appropriate estimation of roughage to concentrate intake in order to optimize the utilization of feed supplements. It is suffice to suggest that feeding high producing dairy goat may be a major constraint in milk production, which implies greater attention to diet composition, feed quality, and the physical form of feedstuffs is required. The rate and extent to which a dairy goat is capable of drawing upon body reserves to meet the energy requirement at different stages of lactation is critical in determining her ability to produce and sustain a high level of milk production. In order to increase goat milk production and to ensure high feed efficiency, goat farmers need to pay close attention to the lactation curves of dams within their herds Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Review Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Breed Stage of lactation Goat milk production Nutrition https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/f8d2cbd29b68aec25c55db87609a341f.pdf e20aac9d0557fba2d0bff6dab2d38702 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource PROSPECTS FOR INDIGENOUS CHICKENS GENETIC IMPROVEMENT AND CONSERVATION IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource The multitude functions of indigenous chickens, which include the provision of high quality protein meat and eggs, cash through sales and socio-cultural roles, cannot be underestimated. Indigenous chickens is one of the genetic resources which Zimbabwe has failed to give adequate attention for the betterment of the majority of the rural poor population. Despite the indigenous chickens dual selected and raised for meat or egg production, there does remain a considerable and largely unexploited genetic potential for increased production. The review explores the prospects for indigenous chickens genetic improvement and conservation in on the background that indigenous chicken are a heterogeneous population with no standardized characteristics and performance. This is mainly due to environmental and genetic constraints with bright prospects for genetic manipulation or Considerable genetic differences exist between local indigenous chickens populations, and production rates of local populations should be evaluated before introducing genetic improvement programs. The reported among population genetic diversity the degree to which populations differ and can assist in improvement and conservation efforts Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/6e33e390a7b3dff11b9bf88e77906639.pdf ef75d6748294a81ce3c34f1e5270519a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CONSEQUENCES OF STAGE OF LACTATION ON YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN SHEEP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource The stage of lactation was an important source of variation on the contents of all milk components in most studies. A systematic studies on the influence of lactation stage on milk yield and milk composition is of foremost importance to evaluate the milk production ability of milking animals. However, it logical to note that the shape of the lactation curve that describes the level of milk yield in the course of lactation differs among the different species. The highest total solids and fat contents were observed in the late lactation stage, which might be due to low milk yield. There was no variation in solids non-fat content during the different lactation stages, which implies that the variation in total solids was actually influenced by the variation in milk fat. Therefore, the present discussion attempt to explore the influence of stage of lactation on milk yield and milk composition in sheep Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Sheep Stage of lactation Yield Composition https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/c7d8fbdd22a4dd442af6c32820ac126c.pdf afbd4617d5a936d2ca18347f4f4d875b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource FACTORS AFFECTING YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN DAIRY ANIMALS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource Milk is a nutritious, cost-efficient source of protein, minerals and vitamins. Cattle, goats and sheep have been the major sources of milking for human consumption. However, these species’ milk yield and composition is known to be influenced by genetic and non-genetic factors. This is on the background that genetic factors such as the genotype are difficult to control, unless through selective breeding. There are variations in milk yield and composition, not only between, but also within species, because of diversity among genotypes, management practices, stage of lactation, etc., and also interactions among these factors. These environmental and physiological factors (stage of lactation, pregnancy, prolificacy, etc) greatly influence the amount and composition of milk that is actually produced. Some non-genetic factors, such as the nutrition and management of the milking animals can be manipulated by the dairy farmer to improve milk yield and produce high quality milk. This book attempts to explore the influence of genetics a n d some non-genetic factors on yield and milk composition in cattle, goat and sheep Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Lambert Academic Publishing Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 diary animals milk https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/a6c9e8d98d173084b9c792426c90f382.pdf eeb742b14422c0db9c73e805aa2c24ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CUSHIONING WOMEN AGAINST GENDER INEQUALITY THROUGH PROMOTING INDIGENOUS CHICKEN PRODUCTION IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Poultry sub sector is a privileged entry point for promoting gender equality. Gender inequalities in poultry and livestock activities are now more and more acknowledged by governments, scientists, and farmers in sub Saharan Africa. This is on the background that gender inequality has translated into loss of opportunities or potential gains on agricultural production and food security. This has been exacerbated by the fact that the progress in empowering women in agriculture and reducing gender inequality has been slow despite this realization. The paper presents an overview of the development of the indigenous chickens sector in sub Saharan Africa and its implication on addressing gender equality. The assumption is that despite the multitude of socio-economic constraints faced by women in agriculture they are capable of raising indigenous chickens for the welfare of their households, hence promoting indigenous chickens can give women a chance to control more income, reducing gender inequality. Achieving gender equality and women’s empowerment is critical to the success of these development goals. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Gender inequality Indigenous chicken Sub Saharan Africa Women https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/838c3488290be535b5a3ffce0d3f6e24.pdf 60642de9bc46654f5adc64e75207247a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COMMUNITY BASED SMALL SCALE COMMERCIAL CATTLE BREEDING PROGRAMME IN MANGWE DISTRICT OF ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N.T. BIDIA A.B. DUBE A, C.T. KHOMBEA N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource The objective of the study was to assess the impact of the introduction of improved indigenous beef cattle bulls on productivity, herd population dynamics and socioeconomic factors in small scale commercial livestock production areas of Mangwe district in Zimbabwe. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to all 20 participating farmers in the breeding scheme. The data collected included household demographics, herd structure, breeding practices, management, marketing, socio-economic impacts, challenges and impacts of withdrawal of funds on the breeding project by donors. Data analysis was perfomed using statistical package for social science (SSPS), version 16 for descriptive statistics. The herd sizes increased by 77%, 96%, 71%, and 60% for the White Brahman, Black Brahman, Tuli and Nguni, respectively. The highest number of offspring was sired by the White Brahman (4 per year per farmer).The Tuli and Nguni bulls contributed the least number of offspringof 2 per year per farmer. The mean age at first calving from the progeny of the White Brahman, Black Brahman, Tuli and Nguni were 36 ± 0 , 34,5 ± 2.12 , 33.75± 2.26, 35 ± 1.73 months, respectively. The main challenges affecting the programme were lack of adequate feed, uncontrolled mating and lack of functional fences. The withdrawal of support funds on the breeding programme resulted in collapse of the restocking program and lack of improvement of water points. It was concluded that improved indigenous cattle genetic resources can survive, reproduce under low input communal systems. Therefore, community based breeding schemes are a viable and sustainable option in improving beef production in the country Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Cattle breeding Indigenous cattle Small scale commercial Zimbabwe https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/563739d5981fd57408cfcc892c51b659.pdf cdb2ab8d2cec11fe95a243b3a89bfcf8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ENGENDERED CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT AND RESPONSE KNOWLEDGE, AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR ADAPTATION, VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSANA, P. SIBANDA Description An account of the resource Gender is a socio-economic variable which can be used to analyze adaptation, vulnerability and resilience of people against climate change and variability in local communities in Sub Saharan Africa (Assan, 2014). Climate change refers to the variation in the global or regional climates over time. It describes changes in the variability or average state of the atmosphere over time scales ranging from a decade to millions of years (Ayoade, 2003). Gender- differentiated impacts of climate change on women and men in developing countries will have detrimental effects on agricultural productivity, biodiversity and ecosystem services. This is because they have the least capacity or opportunity and knowledge to prepare for the impacts of a changing climate given their limited resources (Nelson et al. 2010). According to Nellemann et al., (2011) adaptation, vulnerability and resilience of people to climate change depend upon a range of conditions. These vary from their degree of exposure and dependency upon weather patterns for livelihoods and food security, to varying capacities in adaptation, which are influenced by gender, social status, economic poverty, power, access, and control and ownership over resources in the household, community and society. Climate change is a global phenomenon, with impacts that are already being experienced on a human level, and around the world, many of the most vulnerable communities are already struggling to cope with the impacts of climate change. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that climate change is reshaping human civilization and our knowledge on how we respond to climate change calamities will determine the future of mankind. It is recognised that it is those who are already the most vulnerable and marginalised who experience the greatest impacts (IPCC, 2007), and are in the greatest need of adaptation strategies in the face of shifts in weather patterns and resulting environmental phenomena. There is need for gender sensitive adaptation strategies in the face of existing climate change impacts on human activity and food security, including how these are manifested in different contexts. Men and women experience particular gendered vulnerabilities in climate change induced disasters, therefore there is need to identify the extent to which lack of gender sensitive disater preparedeness action have led to greater risk, and to map out possible engendered strageties for interventions to mitigate the impacts of possible disasters. Empowered with appropriate knowledge, men and women can effectively use this knowledge to advance sustainable use of biodiversity in most communities as a result lessening the impact of climate change. Useful synergies exist which can be used by both men and women for adaptation and mitigation in local communities include conservation agriculture, avoiding deforestation, forest conservation and management, agro-forestry for food and energy, land restoration, recovery of biogas and waste and in general, a wide set of strategies that promote the conservation of soil and water resources by improving their quality, availability and use efficiency. Knowledge on climate change mitigation measures and adaptation strategies should be accurate and available to general populace to accommodate the anticipated changes.The aim of this study is to assess gender disparities in climate change impact and response knowledge in Sub Saharan Africa. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Review Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Adaptation Climate change Gender knowledge Sub Saharan Africa Vulnerability https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/6213dca17b9927cdab87cddd0d73566f.pdf 12bc2ce408c183584b7ccecceee78878 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ENSURING EQUITABLE RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND GENDER SENSITIVE POLICIES IN SUPPORTING FOOD PRODUCTION AND SECURITY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Gender disparities in resource allocation and non gender responsive policies are important constraint to increasing food production and security in Southern Africa. The discussion attempt to explore the role of equitable resource allocation and development of gender sensitive policies and their implications for improving food production and security in Southern Africa. Gender responsive policies are meant to catalyze a change process for ending gender discrimination and securing women’s access to key productive resources. It is believed that without specific attention to gender issues in food production and security strategies, unknowingly policy may reinforce inequalities between women and men, and may even increase productive resources imbalances. It must be emphasized that addressing gender resource allocation disparities and development of gender sensitive policies is an integral part of enabling women to guarantee their families’—and their own—well- being. Little attention has been paid to the differential impacts of resource allocation disparities and development of gender sensitive policies on food production and security, or to which delivery mechanisms may be more effective in addressing women needs and concerns in food production and security. It is assumed that traditional food production policies are not gender-responsive and typically do not consult women who are the majority end-users, improved varieties and technologies do not take into account women’s needs, preferences, and resources, as a result the high rate of failure of intervention food production and security strategies. However, policy makers should be aware that development and implementation of gender responsive policies and equitable gender resource allocation are likely to be mistaken for violation of social norms or adversely affect gender relations within the household, leading to less successful adoption and potential backlash against women. Thus, interventions that seek to remove obstacles in gender resource allocation need to consider the trade-offs inherent in challenging and respecting gender norms. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Biological Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Food production policy Southern africa Women Resources https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/39cba187c7eddaf7740f23294e7cebdd.pdf 22e3cd6723aa69952d42ff5cff67fc23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN ENHANCING FOOD PRODUCTION AND SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource This discussion explores the opportunities and challenges in enhancing food production and security in the context of climatic variability in Sub Saharan Africa. The promotion of sustainable use of plant and animal products with emphasis on satisfying basic human needs, improving people’s standard of living, enhancing food security and reducing poverty have taken a center stage in Sub Saharan Africa. However, the efforts in this direction are being impacted negatively by climate change, through animal and crop production which have not been spared due to the natural disasters and environmental challenges which have affected all regions of Sub Saharan Africa indiscriminately. Climate is a particularly important driver of food production systems performance at the agriculture end of the food chain. It can affect the quantities and types of food produced as well as production-related income especially for the poor resource farmers. In order to be able to adequately address food production and security in the context of climate, there is need for the region to carry out thorough climatic vulnerability and adaptation assessments. Supporting research and training of experts to carry out vulnerability and adaptation assessments on crop and livestock production is crucial in order for respective countries to develop climate change adaptation measures to meet the obligation on food production and security. Sub Saharan Africa’s agro- ecological regions are variable and need to develop specific adaptive measures to reduce vulnerability to climate change. Due to the changing climatic conditions which the continent has already witnessed many severe climatic induced vulnerability such as decline in rainfall amounts and intensity, reduced length of rain season and increasing warm and occasionally very hot conditions has affected food production and security. Crop and livestock production systems will need to adapt to higher ambient temperatures, lower nutritional value of feed resources and new diseases and parasites occurrence. It can be seen that the present crop and livestock production systems based on pastoral or rangeland grazing husbandry systems, ecological destruction through climatic variability and overgrazing due to high stocking rates in areas where feed and water has been compromised due to high temperatures caused by climate change does not augur well for future livestock productivity. The understanding of climate change variables and their impacts is the first step in climate change research and prerequisite for defining appropriate adaptive responses by local crop and livestock farmers. Sustainable crop and livestock production supporting rural development should be compatible with the goals of curbing the effects of climate change. Production priorities should be directed towards promoting local crop and livestock genetic resources by providing comprehensive research support services on the impact of climate change. Both crops and livestock play important roles in farming systems, as they offer opportunities for risk coping, farm diversification and intensification, and provide significant livelihood benefits and food security. The chapter therefore, concludes that the effectiveness of biophysical responses of crop and livestock production systems to specific environmental challenges that are anticipated as a result of climate change, and then the range of adaptive measures that might be taken by local producers to ameliorate their effects will be the prerequisite for defining appropriate societal responses and meet food security targets Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Climate change Crop Livestock Sub Saharan Africa