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resolution and conflict transformation has been very negligible as many prefer the contemporary&#13;
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634 people above the age of 18 which included traditional leaders’ council and community&#13;
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politically motivated conflicts. Traditional institutions were effective in dealing with other forms&#13;
of conflicts emanating from land disputes and social disputes. Considerably, traditional practices&#13;
of peacebuilding and conflict transformation are cultural and community specific. Despite facing&#13;
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                <text>Digital technologies are increasingly reshaping global education systems; consequently, integrating Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) into Early Childhood Education (ECE) has become a critical priority for educational stakeholders. This qualitative study sought to understand how school leadership’s ICT-oriented strategies enhanced the management of Early Childhood Development (ECD) classes across Harare Northern Central District. Using purposive sampling, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 school heads and administrators from public, trust and private institutions. Anchored in Social Cognitive Theory, the study employed thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns and meanings within the data. Findings reveal that while school leaders actively pursued ICT integration, their approaches varied significantly based on resource availability, policy clarity and access to training. Key strategies identified include ICT infrastructure development, curriculum alignment with digital tools, enhanced leadership training and the establishment of monitoring mechanisms. However, implementation was mainly hindered by infrastructural development gaps, low digital competence among staff and inadequate support systems in relation to technology usage. In response to these challenges, school leaders proposed context-drivensolutions such as tailored professional development, strengthened school-community partnerships and enhanced government support. Based on these insights, the study recommends the formulation of localised ICT integration frameworks, investment in digital infrastructure at the ECD level and the promotion of inclusive ICT capacity-building initiatives for educators and school leaders. Further research should explore the impact of specific ICT tools on ECD learning outcomes and conduct longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of leadership strategies on digital integration in early education settings. This study contributes to and extends policy debates on equitable digital transformation in Zimbabwe’s early education.</text>
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                <text>A TRAINING FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING TAXPAYER EDUCATION AND&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>TAFADZWA JIMU </text>
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                <text>This paper proposed a novel training framework for enhancing taxpayer education and&#13;
compliance in Zimbabwe, with a focus on bridging the gap for sustainable tax revenue. The&#13;
study addressed the pressing challenge of low tax compliance within the informal economic&#13;
sector, identifying the absence of an effective taxpayer education system as a critical catalyst&#13;
for this research. The purpose of the study was to devise an innovative training framework&#13;
tailored to improve tax compliance and revenue collection efficiency. Employing a mixed-&#13;
method approach deemed effective for a complex subject, data were gathered through&#13;
structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The findings of this study revealled that the&#13;
existing presumptive tax system was ineffective, and compliance remained low due to&#13;
inadequate taxpayer education. Based on the results, the study developed a comprehensive&#13;
contemporary training framework specifically designed to enhance taxpayer education and&#13;
compliance in Zimbabwe’s informal economic sector. The study, therefore, advocated for the&#13;
adoption of the proposed framework to improve tax literacy, streamline compliance processes,&#13;
and bolster sustainable economic growth and inclusivity</text>
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                <text>ACCESS AND INCLUSION OF INMATES TO EDUCATION THROUGH OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING MODE&#13;
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                <text>MRS GILLIET CHIGUNWE</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL LIBRARY MEDIA CENTRE IN ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT&#13;
WITHIN SELECTED SCHOOLS IN MIDLANDS AND MASHONALAND CENTRAL,&#13;
ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>MTHOKOZISI MASUMBIKA NCUBE&#13;
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                <text>STEPHEN TSEKEA&#13;
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                <text>The role played by school libraries in ensuring academic excellence has been vividly overlooked&#13;
in most literature, and within Zimbabwe in particular. Therefore, this article looked at the&#13;
contribution of the school library media centre towards the performance of pupils in selected&#13;
schools within Midlands and Mashonaland Central provinces between year 2009 and 2014 at a&#13;
Zimbabwean school setup. The essence of a school library media centre is to provide access to&#13;
diverse educational and recreational resources to enhance the performance of pupils. However,&#13;
as schools were ranked every year, schools that had always topped the rankings continued to do&#13;
so year in and year out. The rankings showed that schools with good grades at Ordinary Level&#13;
examinations continued to perform well at Advanced Level examinations. Therefore, this&#13;
qualitative study endeavored to explore the role that was played by libraries in the success of&#13;
such schools. The study selected schools from Mashonaland Central and Midlands provinces in&#13;
Zimbabwe that had performed well and those that did not perform well. Data was gathered using&#13;
from the Zimbabwe Library Association (ZIMLA) members in the two provinces, school&#13;
librarians, teacher librarians, general teachers and pupils within the selected schools.&#13;
Questerviews, interviews and observations. Results of the study indicated that schools that had&#13;
effective school library media centers performed better than their counterparts. The study further&#13;
found out that the major hindrance that affected the effectiveness of some school libraries in&#13;
information provision was lack of resources, that is human, financial and material resources. The&#13;
study hence concluded that school libraries media centers played a significant role in the&#13;
performance of pupils and thus it was therefore imperative for the libraries to be equipped with&#13;
adequate resources that would enable their effectiveness. In addition, the study further&#13;
recommends that various players in the library profession come into play in ensuring that school libraries within the two provinces are manned by individuals that have the necessary&#13;
competencies and skills in library management.</text>
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                <text>Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2020</text>
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        <name>Mashonaland Centra</name>
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        <name>Midlands</name>
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        <name>performance of pupils</name>
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        <name>School library</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>THE USAGE OF ELECTRONIC RESOURCES AT ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
MIDLANDS LIBRARY, GWERU, ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
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                <text>MTHOKOZISI MASUMBIKA NCUBE&#13;
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                <text> WILLARD TARUMBIRA</text>
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                <text>he advent of electronic resources in academic&#13;
circles towards the end of the 20th&#13;
I. INTRODUCTION&#13;
century presaged a fresh&#13;
landmark for research and scholarship as the innovation&#13;
offered academics and scholars in universities with extensive,&#13;
timely and contemporary sources of information. Therefore,&#13;
this research grew out of the realization that regardless of&#13;
numerous exertions that have been made by the Zimbabwe&#13;
Open University Midlands library to enhance access to these&#13;
resources, their usage among scholars remained very limited.&#13;
This pragmatic study, conducted in this library in Gweru,&#13;
endeavoured to find out why the utilization of electronic&#13;
resources within the library was limited, and also institute&#13;
what could be done to correct this problem. The study used&#13;
questionnaires, interviews, and observations to gather&#13;
information. The study established that the major cause of&#13;
low usage of electronic resources in the library was due to the&#13;
inadequate ICT resources within the library, which in turn&#13;
caused slow Internet connectivity. The study also established&#13;
that some of the students were not aware of the electronic&#13;
resources offered by the library. Therefore, the study&#13;
recommends that the library acquires adequate ICT&#13;
resources that facilitate electronic resources access; this&#13;
would also include increasing the bandwidth of the network&#13;
to expedite the Internet connectivity. The study also&#13;
recommends that the library undertakes diverse strategies to&#13;
market the electronic resources that the library offers. In&#13;
essence, the library should take a pro-active approach in&#13;
ensuring that electronic resources are utilized by students in&#13;
order for them to produce up to standard academic work,&#13;
and also such that they can enrich themselves through these&#13;
resources.</text>
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                <text>nternational Journal of Engineering and Management Research</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>2016</text>
              </elementText>
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        <name>Electronic resources</name>
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        <name>electronic resources usage</name>
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        <name>library resources and services</name>
      </tag>
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        <name>Zimbabwe Open University Midlands library.</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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                <text>UNPACKING EDUTAINMENT FOR CHILDREN&#13;
DEVELOPMENT WITHIN COMMUNITY RESOURCE&#13;
CENTRES IN GWERU, ZIMBABWE&#13;
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          <element elementId="39">
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                <text>MTHOKOZISI MASUMBIKA NCUBE&#13;
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                <text>n the past decades, children used to acquire valuable insights and knowledge through storytelling and&#13;
folklore sessions from adults within the community, schools and libraries. Such sessions, termed educational&#13;
entertainment (edutainment), used to play a pivotal role in the development of children with regards to&#13;
cohesion in the society, ensuring moral behaviour, at the same instance acting as a source of entertainment.&#13;
The advancement in technology has shifted the mode of edutainment, from storytelling to virtual classrooms&#13;
and gaming-based approaches. This has been a global paradigm shift, yet most information centres, and&#13;
libraries in the developing world are still to realise adequate infrastructure able to facilitate edutainment for&#13;
children. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to derive mechanisms that could be put in place by&#13;
libraries, and information centres to ensure edutainment for children, focusing on Mkoba in Gweru as a&#13;
case. The study was qualitative in nature, utilising opinions and view-points from study participants. Expert&#13;
sampling was used to select librarians, and information centres’ staff members. Captive sampling was used&#13;
to select community members. Interviews were used to gather data from librarians and information centre&#13;
staff members. Questerviews were used to gather data from the library and information centres’ users. The&#13;
study found out that the dynamic nature of technology and lack of training and capacity development&#13;
therefore, of library and information centres’ staff members were a challenge in the implementation of&#13;
edutainment. In addition, the study found out that financial challenges hindered libraries and information&#13;
centres from instituting edutainment. Furthermore, the study found out that lack of an effective user needs&#13;
assessment was another challenge. As the libraries and information centres were not fully aware of the&#13;
library and information needs of its users, including children. As a way forward, the study signified the need&#13;
for training and capacity building of staff members by the institute management. In addition, the study also&#13;
revealed that the diverse open source edutainment application programmes that do not have financial&#13;
implications. A user assessment survey by the libraries and information centres was also noted as a strategic&#13;
mechanism to ensure awareness of effective edutainment facilities for children</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1666">
                <text>International Open and Distance Learning Journal </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2018</text>
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        <name>child development</name>
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        <name>edutainment</name>
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      <tag tagId="500">
        <name>Gweru Memorial Library</name>
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      <tag tagId="794">
        <name>information centres</name>
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        <name>libraries</name>
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        <name>Mkoba</name>
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                <text>PATRON BEHAVIOURAL CHALLENGES: A FOCUS ON VIOLENCE IN PUBLIC LIBRARIES WITHIN GWERU, ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>In Zimbabwe, the constitution indicates the freedom of expression, at the same time noting the&#13;
need for individuals to respective individual rights, including non-violent behaviours towards&#13;
others in the process of one’s expression. In addition, different legislative acts have been&#13;
instituted to prevent and alleviate violence within communities. For instance, public libraries&#13;
are governed by the National Library Documentation Services that stipulates conduct of library&#13;
staff members and patrons. Since several public libraries are managed by local authorities,&#13;
there are also bylaws that indicate the kind of behaviour that individual stakeholders are&#13;
supposed to conform to. In addition, libraries have their own rules and regulation that specify&#13;
on the kind of conduct and behaviour that staff and patrons are supposed to conform to.&#13;
Conversely, even with these legislations, policies, procedures, rules and regulations, public&#13;
libraries in Zimbabwe still face several behavioural challenges, including violent behaviour&#13;
from patrons and community members. Regrettably, there has been inadequate literature and&#13;
research around violence in libraries within a Zimbabwe context. Even within the global&#13;
context, there is lack of contemporary research on violence within public libraries. Therefore,&#13;
using a case of Gweru public libraries in Zimbabwe, this study endeavoured to reveal the causes&#13;
of violent behaviour within such libraries. Furthermore, the premise of the study was also to&#13;
expose the effects of violent behaviour within the libraries, as well as mitigation strategies that&#13;
the libraries could put in place to address violent behaviour.</text>
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                <text> Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)</text>
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                <text>PUBLIC LIBRARIES AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS:&#13;
A CASE OF GWERU PUBLIC LIBRARIES ON THE ZIMBABWE&#13;
AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC&#13;
TRANSFORMATION (ZIMASSET)&#13;
&#13;
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Access to information is an indispensable pillar underpinning&#13;
national development goals and sustainable development within communities.&#13;
Public libraries in Zimbabwe are expected to have mechanisms to support and&#13;
implement national strategies and policies, such as ZimAsset, to benefit the&#13;
communities they serve. However, public libraries in Gweru have not been&#13;
active in terms of propagating informational resources on ZimAsset. The&#13;
libraries were failing to propagate information on ZimAsset due to lack of&#13;
resources, this included financial, materials and human resources. In addition,&#13;
the study found out that the Mtapa and Mkoba 6 libraries were underdeveloped&#13;
to such an extent that they were not functional. The libraries should undertake&#13;
diverse fund raising activities to generate income and advocate for volunteers&#13;
and attachés. In addition, the library should undertake continuous needs&#13;
assessment to anticipate informational needs of its various clients to ensure that&#13;
the library provides relevant information on ZimAsset</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1066">
                <text>Int. J. Sustainable Society</text>
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        <name>Gweru community</name>
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        <name>Gweru Memorial Library</name>
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        <name>national development</name>
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      <tag tagId="499">
        <name>ublic libraries</name>
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        <name>ZimAsset</name>
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      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Zimbabwe</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwe agenda for sustainable socio-economic transformation</name>
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                <text>HE LOW LIBRARY USAGE BY UNIVERSITY&#13;
STUDENTS: A CASE ON ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
MIDLANDS REGIONAL LIBRARY, GWERU, ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>MTHOKOZISI MASUMBIKA NCUBE</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The Zimbabwe Open University Midlands regional library acts as a back bone for the Zimbabwe&#13;
Open University Midlands Region, as it has in place resources and services meant to cater for&#13;
the diverse library needs of its stakeholders, at the same time encouraging extensive study habits&#13;
and life-long learning. However, there is a very low usage of library resources and services by&#13;
the university students. Therefore this pragmatic research intended to establish the reasons&#13;
behind this low usage and recommend measures that can be taken to increase the student’s use&#13;
of the library, through the use of a case study research design. The study used semi-structured&#13;
questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis to collect data.&#13;
The study identified that some of the resources within the library did not meet the needs of the&#13;
students, and also that the library was inconveniently located, thus making it difficult for most&#13;
students to visit and use the library. Therefore, for the library to be deemed relevant, the&#13;
research recommends that relevant resources be acquired in the library. Also the research&#13;
recommends that the library be relocated to a more strategic position, to enable maximum&#13;
utilization by students</text>
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                <text>IJRSS</text>
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                <text>THE IMPACT OF SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT ON LEARNERS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>This study investigates the influence of school infrastructure on the academic performance of primary school learners in Zimbabwe’s Marondera District. Employing the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model, the research adopts a decision-oriented approach to identify infrastructural factors, classroom conditions, availability of learning resources, sanitation, teacher housing, and access to digital tools—that significantly affect learner outcomes. Using a mixed-methods design, data were gathered from teachers, headmasters, and school development committees through questionnaires, interviews, observation, and document review. The findings reveal a systemic relationship between physical infrastructure and learner performance: schools with adequate infrastructure consistently reported better academic outcomes, lower dropout rates, and improved learner motivation. Conversely, under-resourced schools exhibited chronic absenteeism, low pass rates, and teacher burnout. The study recommends that policymakers integrate infrastructural audits into education planning and prioritize funding for basic amenities, especially in marginalized communities. The CIPP model provided a robust framework for diagnosing challenges and suggesting actionable improvements in school infrastructure management</text>
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                <text>EXAMINING THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF THE EDUCATION 5.0 MODEL AMONG UNIVERSITY LECTURERS IN SELECTED STATE UNIVERSITIES IN ZIMBABWE. SIBANDA MUNYIKA&#13;
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                <text>&#13;
This study explores the level of awareness and understanding of the Education 5.0 model among university lecturers in four selected state universities in Zimbabwe. Introduced as part of the National Vision 2030 agenda, Education 5.0 represents a paradigm shift in Zimbabwe’s higher and tertiary education policy by expanding the traditional triad of teaching, research and community service to include innovation and industrialisation. The model positions universities as engines of economic transformation, requiring academic staff to adopt new roles as innovators and industrialists. However, successful implementation depends on lecturers’ awareness, preparedness and institutional support. Guided by Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory, this study adopted a qualitative research design by employing a multiple case study approach. A purposive sample of 20 lecturers was drawn from four state universities based on their engagement with Education 5.0 initiatives. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. The findings reveal that while most participants are familiar with the term “Education 5.0,” their understanding is often superficial and fragmented, primarily informed by informal channels such as circulars and occasional workshops. Barriers to effective implementation include limited professional training, inadequate infrastructure, rigid curriculum approval processes, high workloads and weak incentives for innovation. Some lecturers also expressed ideological resistance, citing top-down policy imposition and a lack of contextual adaptation. Despite these challenges, participants endorsed the core principles of Education 5.0 and proposed practical solutions including continuous professional development, enhanced infrastructure, streamlined institutional procedures, performance- mbased incentives and inclusive stakeholder engagement. The study concludes that increasing awareness and support for lecturers is essential for translating the ambitions of Education 5.0 into transformative educational outcomes. Strategic communication, capacity building and policy alignment are recommended to ensure that Zimbabwe’s higher education sector can effectively drive innovation-led industrialisation&#13;
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                <text>International Journal of Education&#13;
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                <text>2026</text>
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                <text>QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF HIV AND AIDS&#13;
IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This study investigated how quality assurance ensures quality teaching and learning of&#13;
HIV and AIDS in schools in Zimbabwe. The study was prompted by the continuous&#13;
increase in the spread of the HIV and AIDS pandemic which, in most cases, is under&#13;
reported. Primary school pupils are the window of hope and need proper teaching so that&#13;
from the early ages, they learn behaviour patterns which fight against the spread of the&#13;
epidemic. Using analytical framework drawn from Peter Senge (1990)’s systems theory&#13;
in quality assurance, the study examined the extent to which quality assurance practices&#13;
can improve the teaching and learning of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwean primary&#13;
schools. From global perspectives on the HIV and AIDS phenomenon, it has been argued&#13;
that quality assurance practices should be instituted to capacitate accountability&#13;
approaches towards self-regulation and continuous improvement in schools</text>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>&#13;
THE EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF&#13;
ATRAZINE UNDER CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>MUTSVANDIANI CHIKUTUMA&#13;
</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1426">
                <text>LOVEJOY TEMBO&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text> WISDOM KURANGWA </text>
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                <text>An experiment was set up to evaluate the residual effect of atrazine in cowpea production under conservation&#13;
agriculture. The trial was superimposed on a previous herbicide trial of a maize crop in 2012/2013 season. The&#13;
experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and four treatments as follows;&#13;
1. control (manual weeding), 2. Atrazine (3.6 litres/ha), 3. Atrazine (3.6 litres/ha) + glyphosate (2.5 litres/ha) and 4.&#13;
Atrazine (3.6 litres/ha) + glyphosate (2.5 litres/ha) + metolachlor (1 litre/ha). Herbicide treatment was carried out at&#13;
planting time and manual weeding at 10 cm weed height. Data collected include: germination percentage, weed&#13;
counts and weed biomass, cowpea biomass, pod length and cowpea yield. The herbicidal treatments showed a&#13;
significant effect (p&lt;0.05) on pod length and cowpea yield. The control plot had the highest pod length of 17.03cm&#13;
and atrazine alone had the least of 15.77cm. A combination of three herbicides had the highest yield of 1.2t/ha and&#13;
atrazine alone had the lowest yield of 0.9t/ha. No significant (p&gt;0.05) effects were recorded on percentage&#13;
germination, weed counts and weed biomass as well as on cowpea biomass. Tank mixing of two or more herbicides&#13;
is recommended when using atrazine to reduce residual effect and further research is recommended under different&#13;
soil types with different climatic conditions</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1430">
                <text>2015</text>
              </elementText>
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      <tag tagId="677">
        <name>atrazine</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="273">
        <name>Conservation agriculture</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="678">
        <name>cowpea</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="679">
        <name>residual effect</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
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