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                <text>cholars of all academic disciplines and persuasions are systematic research studies on selected topics in their own an area&#13;
of specializations and study and to present their research works in a scientific manner. This means the research work should be&#13;
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                <text>THE ROLE OF TERMINOLOGICAL USES AND SEMASIOLOGICAL ANALYSES IN THE&#13;
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                <text>For some academics, both old and young, it seems frivolous if not a waste of space to devote some&#13;
time in social research on the issue of terminological uses and semasiological analysis. Yet, the opposite is&#13;
fundamentally true. That is, lack of special attention in any social research study to this issue is an academic&#13;
suicide, a tragedy, a scientific offence, and un pardonable scholastic shortcoming</text>
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                <text>THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL IN TRANSITIONING YOUNG PEOPLE INTO VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN GWANDA DISTRICT</text>
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                <text>ITAYI SAMANYANGA&#13;
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                <text>This paper sought to assess the role of the school in transitioning young people into vocational&#13;
training in selected secondary schools in Gwanda district. Many young people are completing secondary school&#13;
education without skills needed to live independently or contribute meaningfully to society‟s daily demands.&#13;
With the ever increasing job demands on technical skills young people need to be prepared for specialised&#13;
technical jobs. The research sought to assess the role of the school system in preparing youths who can&#13;
effectively compete in the labour market. The major challenge youths face is unemployment due to their&#13;
unemployability. It is therefore imperative, to prepare them for vocational training and ultimately for lifelong&#13;
employment. The teaching of technical and vocational subjects prepares youths for the labour market as well as&#13;
increasing their chances of becoming professionals. Through the learning of technical and vocational subjects,&#13;
youths are empowered to make choices for their future careers and realise the benefits of possessing knowledge&#13;
of technical and vocational skills. The study evaluated the role played by the education system in preparing&#13;
youths for working life. A descriptive survey was used to obtain respondents‟ views. The study used&#13;
questionnaire, structured interview schedule and observation guide in the data collection process to promote&#13;
triangulation. The study recommends the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education to come up with a clear&#13;
policy guiding the implementation of technical and vocational curricula in secondary schools. The study&#13;
findings reveal that secondary schools had no suitably qualified technical and vocational teachers, thus&#13;
inadequate time was allocated to technical and vocational subjects. To keep pace with global trends, the&#13;
Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should also seriously consider the use of computers/IT in the&#13;
instruction of technical and vocational subjects</text>
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                <text>THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL LIBRARY MEDIA CENTRE IN ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT&#13;
WITHIN SELECTED SCHOOLS IN MIDLANDS AND MASHONALAND CENTRAL,&#13;
ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>STEPHEN TSEKEA&#13;
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                <text>The role played by school libraries in ensuring academic excellence has been vividly overlooked&#13;
in most literature, and within Zimbabwe in particular. Therefore, this article looked at the&#13;
contribution of the school library media centre towards the performance of pupils in selected&#13;
schools within Midlands and Mashonaland Central provinces between year 2009 and 2014 at a&#13;
Zimbabwean school setup. The essence of a school library media centre is to provide access to&#13;
diverse educational and recreational resources to enhance the performance of pupils. However,&#13;
as schools were ranked every year, schools that had always topped the rankings continued to do&#13;
so year in and year out. The rankings showed that schools with good grades at Ordinary Level&#13;
examinations continued to perform well at Advanced Level examinations. Therefore, this&#13;
qualitative study endeavored to explore the role that was played by libraries in the success of&#13;
such schools. The study selected schools from Mashonaland Central and Midlands provinces in&#13;
Zimbabwe that had performed well and those that did not perform well. Data was gathered using&#13;
from the Zimbabwe Library Association (ZIMLA) members in the two provinces, school&#13;
librarians, teacher librarians, general teachers and pupils within the selected schools.&#13;
Questerviews, interviews and observations. Results of the study indicated that schools that had&#13;
effective school library media centers performed better than their counterparts. The study further&#13;
found out that the major hindrance that affected the effectiveness of some school libraries in&#13;
information provision was lack of resources, that is human, financial and material resources. The&#13;
study hence concluded that school libraries media centers played a significant role in the&#13;
performance of pupils and thus it was therefore imperative for the libraries to be equipped with&#13;
adequate resources that would enable their effectiveness. In addition, the study further&#13;
recommends that various players in the library profession come into play in ensuring that school libraries within the two provinces are manned by individuals that have the necessary&#13;
competencies and skills in library management.</text>
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                <text>THE USAGE OF ELECTRONIC RESOURCES AT ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
MIDLANDS LIBRARY, GWERU, ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text> WILLARD TARUMBIRA</text>
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                <text>he advent of electronic resources in academic&#13;
circles towards the end of the 20th&#13;
I. INTRODUCTION&#13;
century presaged a fresh&#13;
landmark for research and scholarship as the innovation&#13;
offered academics and scholars in universities with extensive,&#13;
timely and contemporary sources of information. Therefore,&#13;
this research grew out of the realization that regardless of&#13;
numerous exertions that have been made by the Zimbabwe&#13;
Open University Midlands library to enhance access to these&#13;
resources, their usage among scholars remained very limited.&#13;
This pragmatic study, conducted in this library in Gweru,&#13;
endeavoured to find out why the utilization of electronic&#13;
resources within the library was limited, and also institute&#13;
what could be done to correct this problem. The study used&#13;
questionnaires, interviews, and observations to gather&#13;
information. The study established that the major cause of&#13;
low usage of electronic resources in the library was due to the&#13;
inadequate ICT resources within the library, which in turn&#13;
caused slow Internet connectivity. The study also established&#13;
that some of the students were not aware of the electronic&#13;
resources offered by the library. Therefore, the study&#13;
recommends that the library acquires adequate ICT&#13;
resources that facilitate electronic resources access; this&#13;
would also include increasing the bandwidth of the network&#13;
to expedite the Internet connectivity. The study also&#13;
recommends that the library undertakes diverse strategies to&#13;
market the electronic resources that the library offers. In&#13;
essence, the library should take a pro-active approach in&#13;
ensuring that electronic resources are utilized by students in&#13;
order for them to produce up to standard academic work,&#13;
and also such that they can enrich themselves through these&#13;
resources.</text>
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                <text>nternational Journal of Engineering and Management Research</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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        <name>Electronic resources</name>
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                <text>Information policy is the glue that holds the proper management of information for nations and&#13;
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rights, security, reliability, accountability and responsibility. This then calls for information policy to maintain&#13;
proper rules and procedures in the use of formation for effective and efficient information flow. This paper&#13;
shows the value of having an information policy. The dangers of not having an information policy are&#13;
articulated which include inconsistency, repetition of work and lack of accountability.</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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                <text>THE WIDER VISION OF SOCIAL POLICY: EXPLORING THE WAYS OF&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>The researchers sought to discover the forms and depths of violence against women, and to analyse&#13;
the current responses to the violence in Shamva North constituency in Zimbabwe. Prevent violence&#13;
against women through in-depth understanding of such violence and the analysis of the current&#13;
responses in the 4 wards was the overall aim of the study. This aim emanated from the view that&#13;
violence against women is enduring despite the existence of national policies, regional and&#13;
international frameworks and platforms for action against violence on women. Four wards of the&#13;
constituency were selected for the study. These are Wards 7, 10, 18 and 29. A mixed methods&#13;
research design was applied because the problem has both qualitative and quantitative aspects.&#13;
The results of the study indicate that women are the main victims of various forms of violence in the&#13;
four wards. Violence against women is rooted in the social structures and relations of the wards.&#13;
The results of the study show that the current responses to violence against women are inadequate&#13;
in both scope and rigour. There is need therefore to widen the scope and depth of the responses to&#13;
enhance effectiveness. A successful response to violence against women is a vital instrument of&#13;
social policy and human development</text>
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                <text>Pak Publishing Group</text>
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                <text>THE NATURE AND PREVALENCE OF BULLYING IN PRIMARY&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>The aim of the present study was to investigate the nature and prevalence of bullying among&#13;
primary school pupils in Nkayi South Circuit in Matabeleland North Province in Western Zimbabwe.&#13;
The population comprised of all the 300 teachers in Nkayi South Circuit. Random sampling was&#13;
used to arrive at a sample of 30 teachers from ten schools. The study adopted the descriptive&#13;
survey design and the questionnaire was used for collecting data. The main findings of the study&#13;
revealed that the most common forms of bullying were physical (that is, fighting, punching, hitting),&#13;
verbal (that is, threatening, swearing, teasing) social (that is, deliberately leaving out of a game or&#13;
group, ignoring). The study also revealed that boys were the main contributors of bullying. The&#13;
findings also revealed that the bullying behaviours were influenced by home based factors, peers and school based factors. The study recommends that schools should encourage teachers to&#13;
engage all children in productive work all the time and also liaise with parents on best ways of&#13;
guiding the behaviour of pupils who exhibit characteristics of bullies</text>
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                <text>British Journal of Education, Society &amp;&#13;
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                <text>THE ROLE OF TURNITIN POLICY IN ACADEMIC&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>Academics strive to produce quality academic writing. There is need to ensure that issues of&#13;
plagiarism are addressed to promote quality academic writing. Plagiarism means using some&#13;
one’s ideas without even acknowledging the source (en.writecheck.com/resources). In academic&#13;
writing plagiarism is a serious offence. It results in one loosing academic or professional&#13;
standing or failing assignments or courses (http:// www.examiner.com/ adult –education-in-&#13;
pittsburg/plagiarism-higher education. It is therefore imperative that academics make use of anti-&#13;
plagiarism software such as turnitin as it would assist them to avoid plagiarism. The study sought&#13;
to findout the role of turnitin in academic writing. A qualitative approach was adopted and a case&#13;
study design was employed. The case study allowed the researcher to focus on a particular&#13;
instance to get an in-depth understanding of the situation (Creswell, 2009).A purposive sampling&#13;
of 5 lecturers and 5 students was drawn. The lecturers revealed that they have been trained to use&#13;
the anti-plagiarism but were yearning for a clear policy since it would determine universal&#13;
acceptable percentage. The students on the other hand revealed that they have not been trained to&#13;
use it and would appreciate such training to promote production of quality assignments. It is&#13;
recommended that there be a turnitin policy used in faculties to promote quality academic&#13;
writing. Students on the other hand should be trained to use turn it in soft-ware in order to&#13;
produce quality assignments. Thus generally both students and lecturers should be encouraged to&#13;
use the anti-plagiarism software in all their academic writing</text>
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                <text>THE NECESSITY OF RELATED LITERATURE SEARCH AND REVIEW EXERCISES IN&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>The systematic and scientific study of the related literature is the life cycle of every&#13;
dissertation/thesis research proposal and research writing process. It is a form of secondary data collection,&#13;
data analysis, and data presentation. The content we are dealing with here is textual, and the form of secondary&#13;
data analysis is a form of phenomenologically qualitatively data analysis</text>
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                <text>THEORIES AND THEORY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>DR. S. B. M. MARUME&#13;
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                <text>R. R. JUBENKANDA&#13;
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                <text>C. W. NAMUSI&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Scientists usually view theories as rationally thought out explanations of some empirically observed&#13;
phenomena, consisting of sets of interrelated principles that describe relationships in association with those&#13;
phenomena for the purposes of understanding, explaining, predicting and, possible, seeking evaluation of the&#13;
results, and eventual control of the events. Three classifications of public administration theories and theory&#13;
include (a) the whole body of theories; (b) individual theories covering the whole of theories, and (c) individual&#13;
theories covering particular aspects or phenomena. However, five fine types of administrative theory, namely,&#13;
descriptive theory; prescriptive theory; normative theory; assumptive theory, and instrumental theory. All these&#13;
constitute the subject of this article</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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        <name>and evaluation.</name>
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                <text>TOWARDS A WELCOMING SOCIETY: AN EXAMINATION OF&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>ANNA CHITANDO</text>
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                <text>Children’s literature is a useful resource for transforming society for the better. In this study, I pay&#13;
attention to Stephen Alumenda’s ideological commitment to disadvantaged children. I undertake&#13;
a literary analysis of his works that focus on marginalised children in order to establish how&#13;
he puts forward a proposal for a new society. The study examines how Alumenda’s children’s&#13;
stories address disability and albinism. It critiques Alumenda’s approach, while appreciating his&#13;
commitment to marginalised individuals and groups.The study highlights his sensitivity towards&#13;
children living with disability and albinism. However, it questions his tendency of granting happy&#13;
endings to his children’s stories. Overall, the study appreciates Alumenda’s willingness and cour-&#13;
age to address neglected individuals and themes</text>
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                <text>Imbizo </text>
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                <text>2013</text>
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                <text>“THE EFFECTIVENESS’ OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN SERVICE&#13;
QUALITY OF MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND CHILD CARE”&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>GORE SEKAI NOREEN&#13;
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                <text>SITHOLE KUDAKWASHE&#13;
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                <text>GONDO KUDZANAYI</text>
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                <text>Causes of child death were identified; strategies and policies were put in place to help minimize child&#13;
death. The challenge is that the service quality is being ignored which is leading to more child deaths. . The&#13;
research sought to address the gap caused by lack of quality service in Prevention of Mother to Child&#13;
Transmission ( PMTCT). The study survey was restricted to 14 health institutions in Chikomba District. The&#13;
health institutions have 217 staff who could participate. According to PMTCT Service statistics 3rd quarter 2012&#13;
for Chikomba District the beneficiaries totaled 1185. Four Chiefs in the District and two relevant stakeholders&#13;
District Aids Coordinator (DAAC) Focal Officer and PMTCT Coordinator Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric Aids&#13;
Foundation (EGPAF) were also part of the target population. All these added would give a total target&#13;
population of 1407. The sample size comprised of 98(45%) participants from the 14 health institutions, 532&#13;
beneficiaries , 2 stakeholders and 4 Chiefs . 28 questionnaires were distributed to management, 70 to employees&#13;
and 2 to (DAAC) and ( EGPAF) representatives. Focus group discussions were carried out on 532 beneficiaries&#13;
and 4 community leadership. Interviews were done with 14 senior manager, 4 community leaders and 2&#13;
stakeholder representatives. We found out that there are eight practices that support total quality management&#13;
(TQM) positively; these are top-management commitment, teamwork and participation, process management,&#13;
customer focus and satisfaction, resource management, organization behavior and culture, continuous&#13;
improvement, and training. In conclusion we found out that for successful TQM implementation employee&#13;
involvement, senior management commitment, training and also taking into account the needs of external and&#13;
internal customers is very important. There is need to carry out further research on this area so that relevant&#13;
frameworks are built</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>TRANSFORMING PEOPLE’S LIVELIHOODS THROUGH LAND REFORM IN A1&#13;
RESETTLEMENT AREAS IN GOROMONZI DISTRICT IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>TAVONGA NJAYA (PHD)&#13;
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                <text>The study reflected on the livelihoods activities of A1 farmers in Goromonzi District in Mashonaland&#13;
East Province in Zimbabwe. The study used both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Data&#13;
were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, direct observations and document reviews.&#13;
A structured household questionnaire was used as the basic tool to collect socio-economic and production data&#13;
pertaining to A1 farmers. Using a livelihoods conceptual framework and elicitation approach, the study&#13;
revealed interesting points with regard to the assets extended to and acquired by A1 households in Baines Hope&#13;
and Ingwenya farm in Goromonzi District. The study found that while some households engaged in non-&#13;
agricultural activities, for most households crop production was the main source of livelihoods. Although maize&#13;
was the dominant crop, there was some diversification into soya beans, potatoes, tobacco, sorghum and&#13;
groundnuts. In this respect, almost all households were able to utilise their landholdings to ensure household&#13;
food security. Further, several households exchanged grain as payment for agricultural labour services while&#13;
surplus grain was sold. The provision of land had also a positive impact of enabling some beneficiaries to&#13;
acquire certain assets that they did not have before they were resettled, or that they would not have been able to&#13;
accumulate if they had remained in the areas they previously lived. The acquired assets included livestock, ox-&#13;
ploughs, scotch carts, lorries, tractors, passenger vehicles and bigger houses. Some of these assets were used to&#13;
supplement household livelihoods in various ways. Generally landholding had led to significant welfare and&#13;
income gains for the majority of the households. However, limitations, in terms of access to agricultural inputs,&#13;
credit, equipment and infrastructural support severely restricted the potential of livelihood enhancement arising&#13;
from land redistribution.</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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        <name>fast track land reform programme</name>
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                <text>THE ROLE OF TERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RECORDS AND&#13;
ARCHIVES MANAGEMENT DISCIPLINE IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>GODFREY TSVUURA&#13;
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                <text>SAMSON MUTSAGONDO</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This work sought to explore the role of tertiary education institutions in the&#13;
development of the records and archives management discipline in Zimbabwe. The paper&#13;
assessed the contributions made by the few tertiary institutions offering records management&#13;
training, the relevance of their curricula in the country and the professional status of records&#13;
and archives professionals in industry and society as well as the challenges faced by tertiary&#13;
education institutions in offering the programme. Polytechnic colleges currently offer the&#13;
National Certificate, National Diploma and Higher National Diploma, while universities offer&#13;
bachelors’ degrees and only one university offers a master’s degree. The study made use of the&#13;
survey research design where data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. It was&#13;
discovered that more still needed to be done in opening up training opportunities for information&#13;
professionals as currently only 3 out of 15 universities and 5 out of 7 polytechnic colleges in&#13;
Zimbabwe offer records management training. Restricted capacity has a negative impact on&#13;
institutions already offering the programme as well as on would-be trainees.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of English and Education</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>DIGITISATION OF RECORDS AND ARCHIVES AT TWO SELECTED&#13;
STATE UNIVERSITIES IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>GODFREY TSVUURA&#13;
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                <text>PATRICK NGULUBE</text>
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                <text>This study focused on the digitisation of records and archives at two selected state universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe, namely Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) and Harare Institute of Technology (HIT).&#13;
The specific objective was to evaluate the legal and statutory frameworks for managing the&#13;
digitisation of records and archives at the state universities. The legislative and statutory&#13;
imperatives in Zimbabwe, the exponential growth in digitised records and archiving in the state&#13;
universities and the lack of capacity of records personnel with regard to the management of digital&#13;
records and archives, motivated this study. The records of the state universities are stored on&#13;
network servers that the university can access. However, individual users are often able to copy or&#13;
move them to individual desktops and portable devices that are beyond the university’s control.&#13;
The study adopted a mixed methods convergent parallel research design and collected data through&#13;
questionnaires and interviews. The data collection instruments provided both quantitative and&#13;
qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using the SPSS analytical software package,&#13;
while qualitative data were organised into broad themes and the content reported in narrative form.&#13;
The findings were that both respondents and participants understand the records management&#13;
functions in their universities and both state universities are busy creating policies and procedures&#13;
for the digitisation of records and archives in their business transactions. The findings further&#13;
indicated that the two state universities were digitising their records and archives using untrained&#13;
personnel. Legislation, policies, and standards and procedures were not enforced. This exposed&#13;
the materials to major threats and risks in terms of their integrity, security and authenticity. The&#13;
study recommended that there the legal and statutory frameworks must be formulated,&#13;
implemented and enforced to cater for the digitisation of records and archives at state universities&#13;
in Zimbabwe</text>
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                <text>A FRAMEWORK FOR THE DIGITISATION OF RECORDS AND ARCHIVES&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>This research study investigates the digitisation of records and archives at two selected state&#13;
universities in Zimbabwe, namely, Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) and Harare Institute of&#13;
Technology (HIT). The two state universities have embarked on digitisation of their records and&#13;
archives resources in line with new technological trends of carrying out business online in both&#13;
teaching and administration. Mukred et al. (2019), and Mukred and Yusof (2018) stated that digital&#13;
technology in the educational sector can play a positive role in building on traditional learning&#13;
and teaching methods, enabling students to have easy access to the information they need and&#13;
leveraging academic achievements. However, Ambira, Kemoni and Ngulube (2019) observed that&#13;
digitisation, in most cases, is disjointed and uncoordinated, with each section adopting its strategy&#13;
and approach. Such practices negate the collective principle and responsibility of working jointly&#13;
towards delivering goods and services to stakeholders (Ambira et al. 2019).&#13;
The objective of this study was to determine whether the state universities were using a model or&#13;
framework for managing the digital records and archives, as digitisation of records and archives&#13;
must be a well-planned project with adequate resources and framework of operation (Tsvuura &amp;&#13;
Ngulube 2020). Another objective was to identify the gaps that exist in the digitisation of records and&#13;
archives in the two selected state universities and recommend ways of filling those gaps, if they exist</text>
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                <text>© ESARBICA ISSN 2220-6442 | ESARBICA JOURNAL, VOL. 40, 2021&#13;
CREATION AND STORAGE OF RECORDS IN THE CLOUD BY ZIMBABWE&#13;
OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
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                <text> GODFREY TSVUURA</text>
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                <text>KUDZAI D MBAWUYA&#13;
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                <text>PATRICK NGULUBE</text>
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                <text>This study investigated the challenges and prospects of creating and storing records in&#13;
the cloud by Zimbabwe Open University in Zimbabwe. Like other universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe, the university adopted Education 5.0 advocated by the government in&#13;
2019. Consequently, the university came up with innovation hubs and industrial parks&#13;
that became centres for records creation. Keeping all records in the computer without&#13;
appropriate backups and servers has consequences such as losing vital records.&#13;
Organisations around the world use cloud computing increasingly to address records&#13;
storage and disposal. Adoption of cloud computing services carries with it cost&#13;
implications, and legal and ownership challenges as the virtualised environments are&#13;
hosted and managed by third parties. The objective of this study was to examine the&#13;
management, operational, legal and technical issues surrounding the storage of&#13;
records in the cloud, and the implications for their trustworthiness and authenticity.&#13;
The study adopted a qualitative research design and drew data from interviews with&#13;
key participants. Qualitative data were organised into broad themes and the content&#13;
reported in narrative form. The study found that Zimbabwe Open University is not&#13;
using cloud computing services effectively and is in the trial phase of cloud&#13;
computing. It further found that there was a lack of collaboration between the&#13;
information and communication technology and the records management units as the&#13;
university decided to move to the cloud on a full-scale basis. The study recommends&#13;
that the university should first address the management, operational, legal and&#13;
technical issues surrounding the storage of records in the cloud before implementing&#13;
the complete use of the cloud. The study deepens the understanding of cloud&#13;
computing in the management of records at the university, and other state universities&#13;
in Zimbabwe can use this study to deal with the management of records in the cloud.</text>
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                <text>ESARBICA </text>
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        <name>Cloud computing</name>
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        <name>industrial parks</name>
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        <name>innovation hubs</name>
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        <name>Records Management</name>
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                <text>RELEVANCE OF MIXED METHODS&#13;
RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING A&#13;
FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITISING&#13;
RECORDS AND ARCHIVES&#13;
GODFREY TSVUURA&#13;
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This chapter discusses the relevance of mixed methods research in developing a framework for digitising&#13;
records and archives. Mixed methods research has never been extensively used to find solution to the&#13;
problems experienced in digitising records and archives. Digitisation, in general, has become a diverse&#13;
area whose problems cannot be solved with a mono research methodology. The application of both quan-&#13;
titative and qualitative techniques in finding solutions in the digitisation of records and archives would&#13;
help records and archives professionals to have a deeper understanding of the difficulties associated&#13;
with digitising records and archives, especially as the field is facing some rebirth due to advancement&#13;
in technology. Digitisation of records and archives is revolving and gaining momentum due to the shifts&#13;
of paradigms in techniques of record-keeping.</text>
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                <text>IGI Global</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2022</text>
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        <name>Records Management</name>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>TUTOR EFFECTIVENESS: CONCEPTIONS OF STUDENT TEACHERS AT&#13;
ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY IN MASVINGO&#13;
NGARA ROSEMARY&#13;
ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY, ZIMBABWE&#13;
NGWARAI RICHARD&#13;
</text>
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                <text>NGWARAI RICHARD</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Tutoring is an age - old practice .There are some requisites for tutors to be effective. Content&#13;
knowledge is an essential ingredient for effective tutoring and many other personal attributes. If&#13;
a tutor is received as genuine and having a genuine desire to listen, students will be willing to&#13;
open up and discuss their problems. Good mastery of subject matter by the tutor contributes to&#13;
tutor effectiveness as students turn up for tutorials if they feel they benefit from tutors`&#13;
contributions. Much of the quality of tutoring depends on the attitude of the instructor and their&#13;
capabilities in using technology. Research suggests that the effectiveness of distance learning is&#13;
based on preparation, excellent communication skills and the instructors’ understanding. A&#13;
survey was conducted at Zimbabwe Open University in Masvingo region to establish tutees’&#13;
perceptions of the effectiveness of the tutors’ teaching courses in the Bachelor of Education in&#13;
Early Childhood Development Programme (BECDECD) using questionnaires. Respondents&#13;
were of the opinion that most tutors had impressive subject mastery and were usually thoroughly&#13;
prepared for tutorials and methodology used was viewed by most participants as suitable.&#13;
However, there were sentiments that tutors hardly communicated with students outside tutorial&#13;
sessions. Tutors’ marking was viewed as communicative, but feedback was not timely and tutors&#13;
did not use any modern teaching media. Some of the personal attributes such as openness,&#13;
humility and accessibility were viewed as wanting on the part of some tutors. The study&#13;
recommended that more tutor workshops be run to emphasize and reemphasize essential&#13;
ingredients of effective tutoring and that the tutors make use of technology available at the&#13;
regional campus, among other things</text>
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                <text>European Social Sciences Research Journal </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>Early Childhood Development</name>
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        <name>tutor effectiveness</name>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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                <text>TUTORING IN THE ERA OF E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES: RE-EXAMINING&#13;
CURRENT STATUS AND EXPLORING ALTERNATIVES AT THE&#13;
ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>&#13;
CHADAMOYO PATRICK</text>
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                <text>CHIOME CHRISPEN&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>DUMBU EMMANUEL</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Faced with the rapid changes in the development of tutoring and e-learning technologies, the institutions&#13;
of higher learning are now struggling to choose the appropriate mix and combinations of the tutoring&#13;
methods that meet the diverse needs of students in Open and Distance Learning (ODL). The present study&#13;
explored literature and re- examined the current status of the tutoring methods used at the Zimbabwe Open&#13;
University (ZOU) and assessed their effectiveness from the student perspective. A qualitative descriptive&#13;
survey was used to gather data from a convenient sample of 105 returning students at the ZOU. Results&#13;
showed a slow reaction by the university to catch up with these rapid changes in technology and a mixed&#13;
reaction by students in assessing the effectiveness of these pedagogical, technological changes. When&#13;
observed from a distance, the picture that one gets is that both the university and students are in a dilemma.&#13;
They are not sure of which method to use to maximise learning. As a way forward, the study proposed and&#13;
recommended that a ‘cafeteria’ approach be adopted so that each learner chooses an instructional method&#13;
according to need and taste.</text>
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                <text>TWENTY FIRST CENTURY AND REHABILITATION PROGRAMMES FOR&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>The study was set to establish the extent to which Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional&#13;
Services (ZPCS) provide rehabilitation and correctional services. World over, people are&#13;
imprisoned after the courts have found them to be guilt of an offence. Incarcerating an&#13;
offender is regarded as punishment enough. The Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Services&#13;
adopted the international standards that emphasise rehabilitation and empowerment of&#13;
inmates with employment opportunity skills whilst serving. The study adopted the qualitative&#13;
paradigm and descriptive survey method. Convenient sampling and snowballing were used&#13;
to select prison officers whom were involved in the interviews. The findings revealed that&#13;
ZPCS emphasises on the development and empowerment of offenders to lead a crime free&#13;
life through equipping them with employment and vocational skills. It was revealed that&#13;
ZPCS does not have standard rehabilitation and correctional service programmes. Career&#13;
guidance and counselling is not much priority provision for inmates. There is need to include&#13;
career guidance programme in the rehabilitation and correctional package so that inmates&#13;
make informed decisions on choosing vocational and career programmes. ZPCS should also&#13;
put in place some standard measures of rehabilitation and correctional services as well as&#13;
quality assurance monitoring instruments in Zimbabwe‟s prison services.</text>
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                <text>AARJSH&#13;
ASIAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH&#13;
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                <text>UNHU/UBUNTU AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH CIVICS&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>B.C. MUROPA &#13;
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                <text>This paper reports on the interviews and focus group discussions held with seventy two University student&#13;
teachers and three high school administrators to examine the concept and practice of Unhu or Ubuntu within the&#13;
Zimbabwean context and its perceived linkage with Civics and Citizenship education taught in high schools and&#13;
state universities. The paper draws its conceptual framework from an analysis of what various authorities have&#13;
written on the concept Unhu/Ubuntu. The results of the research indicate that people in Zimbabwe accept and&#13;
acknowledge Unhu/Ubuntu as a powerful force guiding people in their day to day interaction with one another.&#13;
This is shown through such acceptable ways of talking, attending to daily chores, and acceptable behaviour right&#13;
down to the way of dressing. Unhu/Ubuntu and human decency cannot be separated. There was a common&#13;
agreement on what the concept portrays and implies both within and outside the school. The respondents tended&#13;
to have a common stand on what Unhu/Ubuntu is all about within the Zimbabwean context. The issues of&#13;
gender bias and lack of maturity were raised by some female respondents in the focus groups. They argued that&#13;
some men complain of women’s lack of decency when it suits them and yet derive pleasure when in their&#13;
company. The necessity of linking Unhu/Ubuntu with Civics and Citizenship Education was emphasised by all&#13;
respondents. Challenges on the teaching of Unhu/Ubuntu and Civics and Citizenship Education were identified.&#13;
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concept and practice of unhu/ubuntu.</text>
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                <text>ournal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS) </text>
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                <text>UNPACKING EDUTAINMENT FOR CHILDREN&#13;
DEVELOPMENT WITHIN COMMUNITY RESOURCE&#13;
CENTRES IN GWERU, ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>MTHOKOZISI MASUMBIKA NCUBE&#13;
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                <text>n the past decades, children used to acquire valuable insights and knowledge through storytelling and&#13;
folklore sessions from adults within the community, schools and libraries. Such sessions, termed educational&#13;
entertainment (edutainment), used to play a pivotal role in the development of children with regards to&#13;
cohesion in the society, ensuring moral behaviour, at the same instance acting as a source of entertainment.&#13;
The advancement in technology has shifted the mode of edutainment, from storytelling to virtual classrooms&#13;
and gaming-based approaches. This has been a global paradigm shift, yet most information centres, and&#13;
libraries in the developing world are still to realise adequate infrastructure able to facilitate edutainment for&#13;
children. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to derive mechanisms that could be put in place by&#13;
libraries, and information centres to ensure edutainment for children, focusing on Mkoba in Gweru as a&#13;
case. The study was qualitative in nature, utilising opinions and view-points from study participants. Expert&#13;
sampling was used to select librarians, and information centres’ staff members. Captive sampling was used&#13;
to select community members. Interviews were used to gather data from librarians and information centre&#13;
staff members. Questerviews were used to gather data from the library and information centres’ users. The&#13;
study found out that the dynamic nature of technology and lack of training and capacity development&#13;
therefore, of library and information centres’ staff members were a challenge in the implementation of&#13;
edutainment. In addition, the study found out that financial challenges hindered libraries and information&#13;
centres from instituting edutainment. Furthermore, the study found out that lack of an effective user needs&#13;
assessment was another challenge. As the libraries and information centres were not fully aware of the&#13;
library and information needs of its users, including children. As a way forward, the study signified the need&#13;
for training and capacity building of staff members by the institute management. In addition, the study also&#13;
revealed that the diverse open source edutainment application programmes that do not have financial&#13;
implications. A user assessment survey by the libraries and information centres was also noted as a strategic&#13;
mechanism to ensure awareness of effective edutainment facilities for children</text>
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                <text>International Open and Distance Learning Journal </text>
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                <text>Many years of experience point to the general statement that the usefulness and beauty of&#13;
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