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                <text>© ESARBICA ISSN 2220-6442 | ESARBICA JOURNAL, VOL. 40, 2021&#13;
CREATION AND STORAGE OF RECORDS IN THE CLOUD BY ZIMBABWE&#13;
OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
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                <text> GODFREY TSVUURA</text>
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                <text>KUDZAI D MBAWUYA&#13;
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                <text>PATRICK NGULUBE</text>
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                <text>This study investigated the challenges and prospects of creating and storing records in&#13;
the cloud by Zimbabwe Open University in Zimbabwe. Like other universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe, the university adopted Education 5.0 advocated by the government in&#13;
2019. Consequently, the university came up with innovation hubs and industrial parks&#13;
that became centres for records creation. Keeping all records in the computer without&#13;
appropriate backups and servers has consequences such as losing vital records.&#13;
Organisations around the world use cloud computing increasingly to address records&#13;
storage and disposal. Adoption of cloud computing services carries with it cost&#13;
implications, and legal and ownership challenges as the virtualised environments are&#13;
hosted and managed by third parties. The objective of this study was to examine the&#13;
management, operational, legal and technical issues surrounding the storage of&#13;
records in the cloud, and the implications for their trustworthiness and authenticity.&#13;
The study adopted a qualitative research design and drew data from interviews with&#13;
key participants. Qualitative data were organised into broad themes and the content&#13;
reported in narrative form. The study found that Zimbabwe Open University is not&#13;
using cloud computing services effectively and is in the trial phase of cloud&#13;
computing. It further found that there was a lack of collaboration between the&#13;
information and communication technology and the records management units as the&#13;
university decided to move to the cloud on a full-scale basis. The study recommends&#13;
that the university should first address the management, operational, legal and&#13;
technical issues surrounding the storage of records in the cloud before implementing&#13;
the complete use of the cloud. The study deepens the understanding of cloud&#13;
computing in the management of records at the university, and other state universities&#13;
in Zimbabwe can use this study to deal with the management of records in the cloud.</text>
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                <text>ESARBICA </text>
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                <text>A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WOMEN’S LAND RIGHTS IN ASIA, LATIN AMERICA AND SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>TAVONGA NJAYA </text>
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                <text>The study sought to make a systematic and critical comparative analysis of the distribution of land&#13;
between men and women in the three regions of Asia, Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa in order&#13;
to establish if there was any discrimination against women using a gender approach (or analysis). In&#13;
the study, the focus was on use rights in state-owned land or resettlement land and a critical&#13;
evaluation on whether these rights were differentiated and distributed on the basis of sex. The study&#13;
used archival data and document reviews. The analysis was based on farms or land acquired by&#13;
governments and later redistributed to smallholder farmers. Studies in the three regions showed that&#13;
women were considered a marginalised social group in land ownership although slightly better&#13;
conditions were observed in Latin America. A majority of the studies blamed customary, religious&#13;
and statutory laws but failed to estimate the relative importance of these variables in explaining the&#13;
gendered pattern of land distribution. Women’s lower access to land in the three regions increased&#13;
women’s economic dependency on men and consequently made them more vulnerable to socio-&#13;
economic and environmental shocks</text>
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                <text>Journal of Studies in Social Sciences and Humanities</text>
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                <text>2016</text>
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                <text>A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF COUNSELLING PRINCIPLES THAT TEACHERS COULD USE AS TEACHING METHODS TO RESOLVE INTRA-PERSONAL CONFLICT OF LEARNERS WITH DISABILITIES IN ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>NORMAN CHIVASA</text>
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                <text>Using authors’ experiences and related literature, this opinion-based paper analysed and justified how counselling principles could be used to resolve the intra-personal conflicts and issues of learners with disabilities both as agents of change and teaching tools. Counselling is a helping mechanism which has existed in different institutions for a long time. This concept assists people to cope with life circumstances such as intra-personal conflicts and educational issues. As observed by the authors, teachers and schools have realised that students spend more time at schools than with their parents, thus, most of their life issues which occasionally manifests in the form of intra-personal conflicts are more felt by schools than their homes. Though the paper acknowledges all that, it is also aware that some learners bring issues and concerns from their homes which may impact on their learning in various ways. Thus, counselling may be institutionalised. This awareness has made schools take over the task of providing psychological support to all learners. In the past schools have generally concentrated on teaching leaving counselling issues to counsellors within or outside their schools but a shift in thinking and consideration is developing. This paper persuades teachers to play the dual teacher/counsellor role so as promote prompt learning, coping with life situations where feedback is a reality and matches with the learners’ immediate focus. At the same time referrals to specialists should be afforded when necessary or when need-be.</text>
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                <text>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES SOCIAL SCIENCES AND EDUCATION</text>
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                <text>A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCES OF STREET VENDORS IN HARARE URBAN: A CASE OF FEMALES WHO ARE DEAF</text>
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                <text>PHILLIPA MUTSWANGA</text>
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                <text>DAVID CHAKUCHICHI</text>
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                <text>The presence of both male and female street vendors with hearing impairment on the city of Harare streets particularly young mothers gave impetus to this study. The study focused on identification of causes, effects and remedies to the issue of workplace child rearing by mothers with hearing impairment. Using the qualitative research paradigm the research employed the ethnographic design to collect data. Snowballing was used to select deaf participants who had vending experience of two years and above. The researchers were the main instruments using observations, narratives and in-depth interviews to collect information. Using six accounts of narratives and extensive in-depth interviews with six female street vendors with hearing impairment in the city of Harare, this study explored how their workplace child rearing practices impacted on the livelihoods of their children. The study identified unemployment and low education level as key prompters driving females with hearing impairment into vending for survival. Vending influenced the way most females who are deaf managed their children’s upbringing. The study noted with concern that, although vending promoted self sustainance and empowerment it had its own challenges such as, exposure to abuse and other negative street experiences. The family systems theory and the ubuntu philosophy formed the platform for this study. The findings from the study revealed a high need for the City Council of Harare to create decent authorised vending systems and how to mitigate challenges of street life. Increase in street toilets was highlighted as essential for both the vendors and their customers and the public in general. Revealed experiences from the study were expected to influence social policy on child rearing practices for parents with disabilities and the quality of parenting in line with the children’s rights.</text>
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                <text>THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES &amp; SOCIAL STUDIES</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>A FRAMEWORK FOR THE DIGITISATION OF RECORDS AND ARCHIVES&#13;
AT SELECTED STATE UNIVERSITIES IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>GODFREY TSVUURA&#13;
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                <text>PATRICK NGULUBE</text>
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                <text>This research study investigates the digitisation of records and archives at two selected state&#13;
universities in Zimbabwe, namely, Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) and Harare Institute of&#13;
Technology (HIT). The two state universities have embarked on digitisation of their records and&#13;
archives resources in line with new technological trends of carrying out business online in both&#13;
teaching and administration. Mukred et al. (2019), and Mukred and Yusof (2018) stated that digital&#13;
technology in the educational sector can play a positive role in building on traditional learning&#13;
and teaching methods, enabling students to have easy access to the information they need and&#13;
leveraging academic achievements. However, Ambira, Kemoni and Ngulube (2019) observed that&#13;
digitisation, in most cases, is disjointed and uncoordinated, with each section adopting its strategy&#13;
and approach. Such practices negate the collective principle and responsibility of working jointly&#13;
towards delivering goods and services to stakeholders (Ambira et al. 2019).&#13;
The objective of this study was to determine whether the state universities were using a model or&#13;
framework for managing the digital records and archives, as digitisation of records and archives&#13;
must be a well-planned project with adequate resources and framework of operation (Tsvuura &amp;&#13;
Ngulube 2020). Another objective was to identify the gaps that exist in the digitisation of records and&#13;
archives in the two selected state universities and recommend ways of filling those gaps, if they exist</text>
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                <text>South African Journal of Information Management</text>
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                <text>The advent of electronic resources in university circles towards the end of the 20th century ushered a novel and fresh landmark for library patrons, as such resources offered timely and current sources of information. The Zimbabwe Open University Library also embraced such an innovation by providing varied electronic resources to its patrons. Information scholars within the university were, thus, expected to take a leading role in accessing and using such resources as it is within their scope and domain of study. However, contrary to such anticipation, their access and usage is low, disappointing, and fragmented. Therefore, the premise of this study was to investigate the reasons behind such low usage of electronic resources by these students through a case of the Zimbabwe Open University Midlands Regional Campus Library. Using the qualitative methodology, the study employed a multimethod approach. Expert and captive sampling techniques were used to select library staff members and students respectively. The study found that students in the Department of Library and Information Science mostly preferred the use of Google, the university modules, and social media platform as the major information sources. The study found that electronic resources offered through the library’s website were one of the list preferred information sources because of varied reasons, which included the website not opening, download delays, power outages in the library, digital illiteracy, information overload, complicated user interface and logging challenges. As a way forward, there are several ways of enhancing the usage of such resources, which include increasing the library’ bandwidth, regular update of the website, installation of uninterrupted power supply (UPS), provision of further information literacy training and advertising the electronic resources by the library.</text>
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                <text>A RELOOK AT THE USEFULNESS OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS (IKS) IN COUNSELLING: A FOCUS ON VIEWS OF ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY MASTER OF SCIENCE IN COUNSELLING STUDENTS. </text>
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                <text>PHILLIPA MUTSWANGA </text>
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                <text>Using the qualitative approach, the study determined views of Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) Master of Science in Counselling (MScC) students on the usefulness of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in counselling. Data was collected from purposively selected participants as follows: ZOU MScC students in training (N=10); ZOU MScC awaiting graduands (N=10) and Counselling lecturers from ZOU regional centres (N-10) and two focused groups of MScC students [each with 10 participants]. Findings from the focused group discussions and document analysis were used to augment the unstructured interview findings. Issues of the paradigm shift towards IKS in development, controversies on intellectual property of IKS and contributions of IKS to knowledge development were the main thrust behind this study. Data was descriptively analysed and coded according to emerging themes and patterns. Narrative accounts of analysed documents supported the findings and where possible critical analyses on raised issues were made. Results revealed that, ZOU’s Open Distance Learning (ODL) delivery mode was the best tool to disseminate IKS. The study participants found their learning material better IKS biased than at undergraduate programme. That meant that, there was need to relook at the undergraduate programme to make it IKS conversant. The study recommended that, IKS be ingrained into all study matters for sustainable developments in Zimbabweans’ livelihoods and it further suggested that, through IK one tended to understand the self better as an African. That was further proposed to be supported by marked IKS days where people from diversified institutions showcased how their systems embraced IKS.</text>
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                <text>THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES INVENTION </text>
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        <name>ZOU Masters</name>
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                <text>ACCESS AND INCLUSION OF INMATES TO EDUCATION THROUGH OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING MODE&#13;
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                <text>AN ANALYSIS OF CHOLERA INTERVENTIONS BY DEVELOPMENT&#13;
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                <text>JOHN MBWIRIRE</text>
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                <text>NAUME WATYOKA</text>
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                <text>This study analysed the interventions undertaken in Harare Urban District that contributed to curbing of cholera from 2008 as well as current interventions toward prevention. A mixed method approach was used combining household survey, focus group discussions and interviews.&#13;
Interventions carried out were of great assistance (awareness and prevention education, provision of temporary and long term water&#13;
supplies, sanitation and case management) although challenges in terms of mainly resources and coordination were met. Inconsistent funding to carry on with cholera prevention is still a challenge and risk factors are still abounding with some key organisations lacking capacity to act and provide the information to be acted upon. Prevention work is on-going but there is still need to continuously educate people and restore&#13;
public health infrastructure and build capacity of local authorities, regular surveillance and early detection as well as working with communities to empower them as provided for in the recommendations given by respondents. An all stakeholders workshop is therefore recommended to ensure that resources are pooled together and disaster risk reduction carried out as a way of protecting people’s health and livelihoods.</text>
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                <text>African Journal of Science and Research,</text>
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                <text>AN EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING SERVICES&#13;
OFFERED TO STUDENTS IN GWANDA URBAN AND PERI-URBAN&#13;
SECONDARY SCHOOLS&#13;
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                <text>ITAYI SAMANYANGA</text>
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                <text>AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF&#13;
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                <text>GRANISIA MASONA MUSANGO</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of offender&#13;
rehabilitation policies in Zimbabwe prisons in light of the efforts by stakeholders to&#13;
reform offenders. The primary objective of the study was to establish the extent to&#13;
which the correctional services are curbing ex-convicts from committing crimes. The&#13;
study was also aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation policies&#13;
implemented in Zimbabwe towards addressing the problem of re-offending.&#13;
Furthermore, the study sought to identify the reasons why released offenders continue&#13;
to commit crimes despite their participation in various rehabilitation programmes&#13;
during their period of incarceration. The methodology of the study was centred on the&#13;
interpretivist philosophy as practised in qualitative research methods. The study&#13;
participants included prisoners who were first time offenders, prisoners who were re-&#13;
arrested, prison officers who supervise the rehabilitation programmes and NGOs&#13;
responsible for various rehabilitation programme concerning prisoners. Data was&#13;
primarily generated through face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, focus&#13;
group discussions and participant observation which were inevitable in this study by&#13;
nature of being a qualitative research where the researcher is the prime instrument of&#13;
data generation. Secondary data was sought from documents analysed from Harare&#13;
Central, Chikurubi Farm and Chikurubi Female Prisons records and statistics offices&#13;
and other stakeholders. The findings of the study revealed a host of challenges that&#13;
stall effective policy implementation chief among them being the deplorable living&#13;
conditions in the prisons. The negative attitude perspectives and stigma , among other&#13;
things, were seen to be the reasons for offenders getting into a vicious circle of re-&#13;
offending. The study recommended stakeholder cooperation in policy&#13;
implementation, monitoring and evaluation among other things</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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                <text>AN EXPLORATION OF PERSONAL EXPERIENCES OF DEAF PEOPLE IN ACCESSING,&#13;
PARTICIPATING AND COMPLETING HIGHER EDUCATION IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The study qualitatively employed the phenomenology design to explore the&#13;
experiences of the 32 participants selected through snowballing and purposive&#13;
sampling to establish the extent to which Zimbabwean Universities enabled deaf&#13;
people to access, participate and successfully complete their studies. Point of&#13;
saturation determined the sample size. Access to higher education [HE] is&#13;
currently recognised as a bridge to a fulfilling life for all people but its applicability&#13;
to deaf people was reported by several studies as insignificant despite the&#13;
influences of robust legislations. Narratives, in-depth interviews, non-participant&#13;
observations, focus group discussions and document analysis were used to&#13;
collect data which was further thematically analysed. Emerging patterns and&#13;
themes were then generated and triangulated to augment the findings.&#13;
Augmentation made the data trustworthy and creditable although its&#13;
generalisability was not representative enough because of the sample size, a&#13;
limitation which triangulation took care of. The findings were guided by the social&#13;
justice principles of the ubuntu philosophy and the symbiotic transformative&#13;
theory. The study participants argued that institutions of higher education did not&#13;
include deaf people [PWDs] in their plans and that benchmarked the formidable&#13;
barriers which made their participation remain insignificant. However, the study&#13;
noted other contributing factors as; unfocused visions of universities,&#13;
inappropriate teaching styles, unfriendly infrastructures, negative attitudes and&#13;
styles of leadership. Furthermore, deaf participants felt that universities’&#13;
deliberate delay to respond to their applications was meant to frustrate them and&#13;
make them lose hope in persuing the status of their applications. The study&#13;
recommended that universities should redevelop their policies and provisions&#13;
with deaf people in mind. Further studies recommended that monitoring tools be&#13;
design as a measure to determine the preparedness of universities to deaf&#13;
applicants.&#13;
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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                <text>AN UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMAN RIGHTS SUPPORTS&#13;
PROGRAMMES OFFERED BY RESTORATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN&#13;
DARWEDALE DISTRICT OF HARARE,ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>JOHN MBWIRIRE</text>
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                <text>The main objective of this study was to have an in-depth understanding of human rights and human rights support programmes offered by civic&#13;
organizations in harsh political and economic community in a hyper inflammatory environment. This was carried out with specia l reference to&#13;
Restoration of Human Rights Zimbabwe (ROHR Zim) as a case study. A qualitative approach using study focus group discussions and in-depth&#13;
interviews were the research instruments used. The study showed that human rights support programmes were offered after political, economic&#13;
and social crackdown in a crisis ridden community using participatory approaches. In addition, more effort and commitment wa s needed to&#13;
enhance and improve human rights support programmes in line with the technological and economical, socio -cultural and global trends.&#13;
Communities should also strive to improve human rights support programmes condition, which were generally bad in many societi es of&#13;
developing countries. This research study recommends that human rights activists, organizations and state departments should collaboratively&#13;
work together in coming up with human rights support programmes which are cultural specific utilizing available resources and expertise</text>
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                <text>African Journal of Science and Research</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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        <name>uman Rights</name>
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                <text>ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ACADEMIC DECISION-MAKING AND STUDENTS’ RECORDKEEPING: A CASE OF AN ODEL UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>GODFREY TSVUURA</text>
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                <text>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education is reshaping traditional processes of academic decision-making and students’ recordkeeping. This study explores the use of AI in academic decision–making and students’ recordkeeping at Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU). A qualitative research methodology was adopted along with purposive sampling technique in which a sample of 5 heads of sections who deal with students’ recordkeeping were chosen as they have knowledge about the problem at hand. Data collected were analysed in thematic strands. Findings underscore that at ZOU, AI is being used to generate educational materials such as study guides, quizzes, automate administrative tasks like students grading as well as in other e-learning platforms such as My Vista, students support services, coursework material preparation and writing by students, data analytics and in widespread research. The study concludes that while AI offers significant opportunities to improve the management of students’ recordkeeping and academic decisions, its deployment must be guided by ethical principles, legal compliance, and capacity-building initiatives tomaximise benefits and mitigate risks. The study recommends the need for human oversight, inclusive data practices and robust governance frameworks to ensure fairness and accountability in AI-enabled academic decision-making and students’ recordkeeping.</text>
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                <text>2026</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Open University Journal of Applied Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WANTING CIRCUMCISION AND&#13;
RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN ZIMBABWE: EVIDENCE&#13;
FROM THE 2010–11 ZIMBABWE DEMOGRAPHIC AND&#13;
HEALTH SURVEY&#13;
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                <text>ANTONY CHIKUTSA &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>ALFRED C NCUBE&#13;
</text>
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                <text>SHEPHARD MUTSAU</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Zimbabwe adopted voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) as an additional HIV prevention&#13;
strategy in 2009. A number of studies have been conducted to understand the determinants of VMMC uptake but&#13;
few studies have examined the characteristics of men who are willing to get circumcised or the link between&#13;
wanting circumcision and risky sexual behaviour. This study investigated the relationship between wanting male&#13;
circumcision and engaging in risky sex behaviours. This was based on the assumption that those who are willing to&#13;
undergo circumcision are already engaging in risky sexual behaviours</text>
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                <text>Reproductive Health </text>
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                <text>2015</text>
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        <name>HIV prevention</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>CAUSES OF MARITAL CONFLICTS IN CHRISTIAN&#13;
MARRIAGES IN DOMBOSHAVA AREA,&#13;
MASHONALAND EAST PROVINCE, ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>JOHN MBWIRIRE</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This study investigates causes of marital conflicts in mainline and modern day Christian churches found in&#13;
Domboshava area. The study used a qualitative approach, using focus group discussions with church&#13;
members and in-depth interviews with church leaders. The findings of the study were that marital conflicts&#13;
were caused through natural problems as well as man-generated problems. If these problems arise, they&#13;
weaken marriage bond. Therefore, the study recommended that couples must promptly react constructively&#13;
to early warning signs of marital conflicts before they develop into bad signals of cohabitation</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>CO-OPTING TRADITIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN STATE POLITICS; A CASE STUDY OF MASHONALAND CENTRAL PROVINCE, ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>LIGHTON DUBE </text>
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                <text>JOHN MBWIRIRE</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This study was a comparative analysis on the effects of co-opting traditional institutions in state politics&#13;
focusing on the periods 2002-2008 and 2009-2013 in Mashonaland Central Province in Zimbabwe. The study employed&#13;
a mixed method approach combining questionnaires with community members, focus group discussions with traditional&#13;
chief`s council members and in-depth interviews with traditional chiefs. The findings indicate that co-option of&#13;
traditional institutions in politics negatively affect community peace. The study recommended that traditional institutions&#13;
should remain apolitical in order to promote peaceful co-existence</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="707">
                <text>Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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        <name>co-option</name>
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        <name>community peace</name>
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                <text>This study seeks to analyse the controversial issues about coverage of salarygate by the print media in Zimbabwe by The Herald, and the roles&#13;
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and to analyse the frequency of coverage of corruption issues. Interviews and content analysis were used as research instruments. Among the&#13;
findings of the study were that the war against corruption cannot be won without the involvement of media. It was also found o ut that the stories&#13;
lacked legal analysis of the salarygate. That the media plays a crucial role in creating awareness as well as in putting the government in check&#13;
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                <text>DIGITISATION OF RECORDS AND ARCHIVES AT TWO SELECTED&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>This study focused on the digitisation of records and archives at two selected state universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe, namely Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) and Harare Institute of Technology (HIT).&#13;
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digitisation of records and archives at the state universities. The legislative and statutory&#13;
imperatives in Zimbabwe, the exponential growth in digitised records and archiving in the state&#13;
universities and the lack of capacity of records personnel with regard to the management of digital&#13;
records and archives, motivated this study. The records of the state universities are stored on&#13;
network servers that the university can access. However, individual users are often able to copy or&#13;
move them to individual desktops and portable devices that are beyond the university’s control.&#13;
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questionnaires and interviews. The data collection instruments provided both quantitative and&#13;
qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using the SPSS analytical software package,&#13;
while qualitative data were organised into broad themes and the content reported in narrative form.&#13;
The findings were that both respondents and participants understand the records management&#13;
functions in their universities and both state universities are busy creating policies and procedures&#13;
for the digitisation of records and archives in their business transactions. The findings further&#13;
indicated that the two state universities were digitising their records and archives using untrained&#13;
personnel. Legislation, policies, and standards and procedures were not enforced. This exposed&#13;
the materials to major threats and risks in terms of their integrity, security and authenticity. The&#13;
study recommended that there the legal and statutory frameworks must be formulated,&#13;
implemented and enforced to cater for the digitisation of records and archives at state universities&#13;
in Zimbabwe</text>
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                <text>EFFECTVENESS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMAN RIGHTS SUPPORTS PROGRAMMES OFFERED BY RESTORATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS ZIMBABWE IN DARWEDALE DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE.</text>
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                <text>JOHN MBWIRIRE</text>
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                <text>This research study evaluates human rights support programmes offered by civic organizations in harsh political and economic community in a&#13;
hyper inflammatory environment. An evaluation of human rights support programmes with special reference to Restoration of Hum an Rights&#13;
Zimbabwe (ROHR Zim) was the main objective of this research study. A qualitative approach was used in the study focus using g roup&#13;
discussions and in-depth interviews as research instruments used. The study showed that human rights support programmes which were&#13;
offered after political, economic and social crackdown in a crisis ridden community using participatory approaches were quite effective and&#13;
timely relevant. In addition, more effort and commitment was needed to enhance and improve human rights support programmes. This&#13;
research study recommends that the importance of human rights and human rights support programmes should also include peace&#13;
education programmes for the literate and illiterate, young and adults, rich and poor.</text>
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                <text>EMERGING ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS: HUMAN INTAKE, EMERGING HEALTH RISKS, AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS&#13;
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                <text>RANGARIRAYI KARIDZAGUNDI &#13;
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                <text>RICHWELL ALUFASI &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>DARIUSZ HALABOWSKI &#13;
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                <text> CLAUDIOUS GUFE &#13;
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                <text>Few earlier reviews on emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in drinking water systems (DWS) focused on their&#13;
detection, behaviour, removal and fate. Reviews on multiple exposure pathways, human intake estimates, and&#13;
health risks including toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics of EOCs in DWS are scarce. This review presents recent&#13;
advances in human intake and health risks of EOCs in DWS. First, an overview of the evidence showing that DWS&#13;
harbours a wide range of EOCs is presented. Multiple human exposure to EOCs occurs via ingestion of drinking&#13;
water and beverages, inhalation and dermal pathways are discussed. A potential novel exposure may occur via&#13;
the intravenous route in dialysis fluids. Analysis of global data on pharmaceutical pollution in rivers showed that&#13;
the cumulative concentrations (μg L-1) of pharmaceuticals (mean ± standard error of the mean) were statistically&#13;
more than two times significantly higher (p = 0.011) in South America (11.68 ± 5.29), Asia (9.97 ± 3.33), Africa&#13;
(9.48 ± 2.81) and East Europe (8.09 ± 4.35) than in high-income regions (2.58 ± 0.48). Maximum cumulative&#13;
concentrations of pharmaceuticals (μg L-1) decreased in the order; Asia (70.7) had the highest value followed by&#13;
South America (68.8), Africa (51.3), East Europe (32.0) and high-income regions (17.1) had the least concen-&#13;
tration. The corresponding human intake via ingestion of untreated river water was also significantly higher in&#13;
low- and middle-income regions than in their high-income counterparts. For each region, the daily intake of&#13;
pharmaceuticals was highest in infants, followed by children and then adults. A critique of the human health&#13;
hazards, including toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of EOCs is presented. Emerging health hazards of EOCs in&#13;
DWS include; (1) long-term latent and intergenerational effects, (2) the interactive health effects of EOC mixtures&#13;
and the challenges of multifinality and equifinality, and (3) the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease&#13;
hypothesis. Finally, research needs on human health hazards of EOCs in DWS are presented.</text>
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        <name>Multiple exposure routes</name>
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                <text>ENHANCEMENT OF ACCESS AND INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH&#13;
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                <text>ENHANCING INFORMATION LITERACY DELIVERY THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN UNIVERSITY&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>TUTANI, NOTHANDO </text>
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                <text> TSEKEA, STEPHEN </text>
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                <text>In the increasingly digital world, access to information is fundamental for personal development, social engagement and economic growth. In today’s information-driven society, access to information has been tremendously improved through artificial intelligence (AI). Information literacy helps equip patrons with modern digital skills enabling them to navigate the information world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes and experiences of librarians regarding the use of AI in information literacy programs to enhance access to information. Libraries and information centres can harness the use of artificial intelligence to ensure that each patron is literate, thus being able to handle information and data, its use and the creation of information resources and services. This qualitative study examines the potential of artificial intelligence in delivering of information literacy skills in higher education libraries in Zimbabwe. Interviews with selected twenty-five librarians involved in information literacy instruction were conducted. Purposive sampling was used where a select 25 librarians involved in information literacy delivery were invited to participate in the study. The findings from this study show a positive attitude toward the use of AI despite its slow implementation in information literacy training. The findings of the study will be important in contributing knowledge to the broader field of technology and information literacy instruction.</text>
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                <text>The Zimbabwe Open University Journal of Applied Social Sciences</text>
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                <text>EQUITY ON INFORMATION ACCESS OF LIBRARY SERVICES TO STUDENTS WITH SENSORY DISABILITIES AT SELECTED UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>ARIEL MUVHUNZWI</text>
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                <text>This study examines equity of information access for students with sensory disabilities relating to visual and hearing impairments at university libraries in Harare, Zimbabwe, identifying barriers and opportunities for inclusive library services. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating surveys, interviews and observational assessments across three major university libraries: University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Open University, and Midlands State University (Harare Campus). The study involved 35 students with sensory disabilities, 15 library staff members and accessibility audits of physical and digital library environments. Findings reveal significant inequities in information access, with physical inaccessibility of libraries, lack of infrastructure to support assistive technologies, and inadequately trained staff being primary barriers. Digital accessibility gaps were particularly pronounced, with navigation difficulties, incompatibility with access tools and inadequate labelling of links preventing effective use of online resources. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between assistive technology availability and staff knowledge (r = .65, p &lt; .01), and strong negative correlations between accessibility improvements and academic challenges (r = –.60, p &lt; .01). The study provides actionable recommendations for university administrators and librarians to improve accessibility and ensure equitable information access. This is the first comprehensive study examining sensory disability accessibility across multiple university libraries in Zimbabwe, contributing to limited African literature on this topic.</text>
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                <text>EXCLUSION WITHIN INCLUSION: DISSENTING APPLICABILITY OF AI IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: CASE OF ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to explore impact of ICT on PWDs. This paper provides a deeper exploration of both negative and positive attributes presented by the internet and ICT for the full participation of persons with disabilities. Whilst most scholars say accessible ICT can level the playing field for persons with disabilities across life domains including education, employment, e-governance and civic participation, financial inclusion and disaster management, this will always be a pipedream in most developing nations. Participants drawn from students with varying disabilities, student advisors and student representatives were purposively sampled. Data was collected using in depth interviews and semi structured questioners. The results showed that Exclusion and marginalisation of people living with disabilities is a fundament human rights issue. It straddles several dimensions like social, economic social, economic, political, ecological, governance as well as technological. It can be concluded that the conspired growth of ICT use in both academic and social life does not bring the same benefits to both PWDS and the mainstream population. From this, it is highly recommended that the government and other stakeholders put combined efforts to design systems which can cater for various forms of disabilities as well as taking cognisance of other variations like commodities. Additionally, policy makers and industrialists should incorporate input from people living with disabilities before implementing programs.</text>
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