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                <text>INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AMONG THE MAUNGWE PEOPLE: MAKONI&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>&#13;
GIFT RUPANDE</text>
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                <text>The study interrogated the intergenerational transfer of indigenous medicinal knowledge and&#13;
the psychology underpinning indigenous healing among the Maungwe people of Makoni&#13;
District. The overarching research question was how do indigenous medical practitioners&#13;
(IMPs) transfer the knowledge of indigenous medicines to the younger generation? Limited&#13;
studies on establishing factors which affect transfer of indigenous medicinal knowledge&#13;
(IMK) were done. The transactional communication model, the Afrocentric and the social&#13;
learning theories were the theoretical frameworks used in this study. The researcher adopted&#13;
interpretivism as the philosophy underpinning this qualitative study and relativist ontology.&#13;
The researcher adopted the multi-sited ethnography as a research design. The sample&#13;
consisted of three focus groups, each comprising of five participants and ten IMPs. Data&#13;
generation methods used were in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations.&#13;
Results of this study could be significant to organizations such as Zimbabwe National&#13;
Traditional Healers Association (ZINATHA), the medical fraternity, policy makers, Makoni&#13;
community, and researchers. Transfer of IMK is through apprenticeship training by the parent&#13;
or relative or through the teachings of the grandparents at the “Dare” (the meeting place) or&#13;
through observations. Ancestor initiated dreams; apprenticeship as well as being taken and&#13;
taught indigenous medicines by the mermaid under water are some of the ways of acquiring&#13;
IMK. The conclusions from this study showed that IMK is mainly in the hands of healers and&#13;
elders who are in their late forties and older. Christianity, lack of documentation of&#13;
indigenous medical practices, modernity, the disintegration of the extended family, and&#13;
secrecy of indigenous medical practitices, are some of the factors which were found to be&#13;
negatively affecting intergenerational transfer of IMK. The study recommends that IMPs&#13;
should document IMK so that this knowledge is not lost to future generations. IMPs should&#13;
not be over retentive with IMK for the benefit of the youth and other members of the society.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
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        <name>Indigenous Knowledge</name>
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                <text>LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES IN SUPPORT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION:THE CASE OF ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY, MASHONALAND CENTRALREGIONAL LIBRARY&#13;
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                <text>&#13;
GODFREY TSVUURA</text>
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                <text>Distance education at tertiary level in Zimbabwe has been widely accepted and adopted by many&#13;
people. More often, distance education students face difficulties in getting required information&#13;
to complete assignments and prepare for examinations. The study sought to examine the library&#13;
and information services in support of distance education at Mashonaland Central Regional&#13;
Library in Bindura.&#13;
The research methods were mixed-research designs in which both qualitative and quantitative&#13;
techniques were employed. These included review of related literature, interviews and&#13;
questionnaires. The findings were that the lack of computers and internet services were the major&#13;
constraints that hindered the students from using the library. This had been indicated by 91% of&#13;
the respondents. Recommendations were that the regional library should increase the provision&#13;
of library and information services to its distance education students.</text>
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                <text>NUST</text>
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                <text>INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON DHS IN AFRICA</text>
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                <text> ANTHONY CHIKUTSA </text>
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                <text>The DHS program has conducted nationally-representative surveys worldwide, including Africa, since the mid-1980s.&#13;
The data are open access and provide a rich resource for policymakers and scholars alike; however there has never&#13;
been a special issue of a journal focusing on analysis of DHS data. The idea for a special issue on the theme of DHS&#13;
in Africa emerged during the 2013 DHS Fellows program. It was determined that the African Population Studies&#13;
Journal, as the only peer-reviewed bilingual journal of population studies in Africa, would be the most appropriate&#13;
host for a special issue. On behalf of the team from the Zimbabwe Open University, I approached the Editor-in-Chief&#13;
of the African Population Studies Journal, Prof. Clifford Odimegwu, about hosting this special issue</text>
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                <text>African Population Studies</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>DHS program</name>
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                <text>© ESARBICA ISSN 2220-6442 | ESARBICA JOURNAL, VOL. 40, 2021&#13;
CREATION AND STORAGE OF RECORDS IN THE CLOUD BY ZIMBABWE&#13;
OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
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                <text> GODFREY TSVUURA</text>
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                <text>KUDZAI D MBAWUYA&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="1627">
                <text>PATRICK NGULUBE</text>
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                <text>This study investigated the challenges and prospects of creating and storing records in&#13;
the cloud by Zimbabwe Open University in Zimbabwe. Like other universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe, the university adopted Education 5.0 advocated by the government in&#13;
2019. Consequently, the university came up with innovation hubs and industrial parks&#13;
that became centres for records creation. Keeping all records in the computer without&#13;
appropriate backups and servers has consequences such as losing vital records.&#13;
Organisations around the world use cloud computing increasingly to address records&#13;
storage and disposal. Adoption of cloud computing services carries with it cost&#13;
implications, and legal and ownership challenges as the virtualised environments are&#13;
hosted and managed by third parties. The objective of this study was to examine the&#13;
management, operational, legal and technical issues surrounding the storage of&#13;
records in the cloud, and the implications for their trustworthiness and authenticity.&#13;
The study adopted a qualitative research design and drew data from interviews with&#13;
key participants. Qualitative data were organised into broad themes and the content&#13;
reported in narrative form. The study found that Zimbabwe Open University is not&#13;
using cloud computing services effectively and is in the trial phase of cloud&#13;
computing. It further found that there was a lack of collaboration between the&#13;
information and communication technology and the records management units as the&#13;
university decided to move to the cloud on a full-scale basis. The study recommends&#13;
that the university should first address the management, operational, legal and&#13;
technical issues surrounding the storage of records in the cloud before implementing&#13;
the complete use of the cloud. The study deepens the understanding of cloud&#13;
computing in the management of records at the university, and other state universities&#13;
in Zimbabwe can use this study to deal with the management of records in the cloud.</text>
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                <text>ESARBICA </text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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        <name>Cloud computing</name>
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        <name>Education 5.0</name>
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        <name>industrial parks</name>
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        <name>innovation hubs</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwe Open University</name>
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                <text>SUPPORT FOR VOLUNTARY MEDICAL MALE CIRCUMCISION (VMMC) FOR HIV PREVENTION AMONG MEN AND WOMEN IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>ANTONY CHIKUTSA&#13;
 </text>
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                <text>PRANITHA MAHARAJB</text>
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                <text>Background: Medical male circumcision was introduced in Zimbabwe in 2009 as an additional HIV&#13;
prevention method. This study sought to investigate support for the roll-out of voluntary medical male&#13;
circumcision (VMMC) and men’s willingness to get circumcised for HIV prevention.&#13;
Data and Methods: Data for this study was collected from a randomly selected sample of 681 men and&#13;
women in the age group 18-49 years in Harare, Zimbabwe. The obtained data was analysed using descriptive&#13;
statistics, bivariate and regression analysis.&#13;
Results and Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that knowledge and acceptability of VMMC is&#13;
high. However, despite the relatively high knowledge and acceptability of VMMC, less than half of the male&#13;
participants were willing to undergo circumcision for HIV prevention. The study concluded that there is an&#13;
apparent gap between knowledge and acceptability of VMMC and men’s willingness to undergo circumcision&#13;
for HIV prevention.</text>
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                <text>2015</text>
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        <name>HIV prevention</name>
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        <name>medical male circumcision</name>
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                <text>ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WANTING CIRCUMCISION AND&#13;
RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN ZIMBABWE: EVIDENCE&#13;
FROM THE 2010–11 ZIMBABWE DEMOGRAPHIC AND&#13;
HEALTH SURVEY&#13;
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                <text>ANTONY CHIKUTSA &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>ALFRED C NCUBE&#13;
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                <text>Zimbabwe adopted voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) as an additional HIV prevention&#13;
strategy in 2009. A number of studies have been conducted to understand the determinants of VMMC uptake but&#13;
few studies have examined the characteristics of men who are willing to get circumcised or the link between&#13;
wanting circumcision and risky sexual behaviour. This study investigated the relationship between wanting male&#13;
circumcision and engaging in risky sex behaviours. This was based on the assumption that those who are willing to&#13;
undergo circumcision are already engaging in risky sexual behaviours</text>
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                <text>Reproductive Health </text>
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        <name>HIV prevention</name>
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                <text>THE ATTITUDES OF EMPLOYERS AND CO-WORKERS TOWARDS THE EMPLOYMENT OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>This study was a systemic enquiry into attitudes of employers and co-workers towards employees with disabilities in the community of Chitungwiza in Zimbabwe. A qualitative case study method was used to carry out this study. The purposive sampling method was used to select thirty (30) participants into the study. A sample of ten (10) employers, ten (10) co-workers and ten (10) employees with disabilities were chosen as the subjects. The interview and observation were used to generate data. Among other findings, the major findings in this study were that employees with disabilities were discriminated in the workplace. Co-workers perceived PWDs as generally incompetent as they would need the assistance of fellow workers to accomplish tasks while employers were of the view that some of these PWDS scare away customers while some are dependent on fellow workers for the accomplishment of tasks. The same employers perceived most PWDS as lacking knowledge and having poor qualifications rendering them unemployable. Co-workers felt that employees with disabilities need maximum supervision and needed to be assigned special tasks suitable to their conditions. From these findings, it was recommended that co workers needed to change their attitude towards employees with disabilities. The Ministry of Labour needs to establish incentive packages for companies that employ persons with disabilities to encourage employment of more persons with disabilities. Such incentive packages can be in the form of exemption of tax payment by such companies. The Ministry can implement such programmes like the quota system and the levy and grants system like what happens in the developed countries. The Ministry can also strengthen and activate laws that will act against discrimination and marginalisation of person with disabilities. Advocacy through disability movements be encouraged by all sectors of the economy. This will encourage implementation of reforms instituted by the responsible ministry or ministries.</text>
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                <text>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON MANAGERIAL STUDIES AND RESEARCH</text>
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                <text>PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SHAMVA DISTRICT OF MASHONALAND CENTRAL PROVINCE IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>DR RITTAH KASOWE</text>
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                <text>The study investigated psychological factors influencing academic achievement of secondary&#13;
school adolescents in Shamva district. The design for the study is ex-post-facto. The population&#13;
for the study is 300 participants who were independently and randomly selected. Two&#13;
standardized instrument tagged “Psychological Factors Assessment Questionnaire and&#13;
Economics Achievement test was used to collect data for the study. The reliability of the&#13;
instruments was 0.91and 0.86 respectively. Two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The&#13;
data collected were analysed with an independent t-test. The data analysis showed that school&#13;
phobia significantly influence academic achievement of students while achievement motivation&#13;
does not. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers recommended among others that,&#13;
teachers, parents, counsellors as well as the school authorities should be made to aware of the&#13;
existing relationship between self-concept, anxiety, achievement motivation, and focus of control&#13;
and academic achievement. This would enable them provide a better, useful and relevant&#13;
educational, vocational, personal and social services that will enable secondary school learners ,&#13;
teachers and parents and the school authorities and the community recognise and appreciate the&#13;
presence of individual differences, among students and how best to reinforce them in every&#13;
situation.</text>
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                <text>IJRDO - Journal Of Educational Research</text>
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        <name>school phobia</name>
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                <text>SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES AND THEORETICAL PARADIGMS IN SOCIAL&#13;
SCIENCES&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>DR S.B.M. MARUME&#13;
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                <text> R.R. JUBENKANDA</text>
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                <text>C.W. NAMUSI</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF GOVERNMENT</text>
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                <text>What is Government in Political Science? What precisely does it cover? These are some of the&#13;
questions that spring to the mind of thee student faced with a choice of study at the university or college in the&#13;
social and humanistic sciences. Political Science is an unknown field to the first-year student who has had&#13;
nothing to do with it at high school, and the first thing we have to do is to define and explain what the term&#13;
‘government’ covers.&#13;
At first glance, the question seems a simple one, and one likely to give little trouble to anyone&#13;
acquainted with the subject. Yet, the fact is that despite centuries of scientific investigation and inquiry into the&#13;
nature of government, no satisfactory definition has yet been suggested. This journal article makes a&#13;
contribution to define and explain the term ‘government’</text>
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                <text>OSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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                <text>THE VALUE OF AN INFORMATION POLICY&#13;
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                <text>DR. CHIPO MUTONGI&#13;
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                <text>Information policy is the glue that holds the proper management of information for nations and&#13;
organisations. Information if not well managed poses challenges to privacy and confidentiality, intellectual&#13;
rights, security, reliability, accountability and responsibility. This then calls for information policy to maintain&#13;
proper rules and procedures in the use of formation for effective and efficient information flow. This paper&#13;
shows the value of having an information policy. The dangers of not having an information policy are&#13;
articulated which include inconsistency, repetition of work and lack of accountability.</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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        <name>policy process</name>
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        <name>Strategy</name>
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                <text>If some ideas, decisions and policies are not advocated and lobbed for, they would remain unknown&#13;
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information policies. Probably it is lack of awareness that is not bringing those policy changes. This article&#13;
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lobbying. Some reasons for information policy advocacy failure are given and some ways of making&#13;
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                <text>The desktop study is on poverty and underdevelopment, which continues to be a matter of concern in the&#13;
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on less than $1.25 a day in 2005. The above situation is likely to worsen in Africa where governments are&#13;
failing to eradicate poverty alone. Giant transnational corporations (TNC) are increasingly called upon to&#13;
champion poverty reduction in the continent. Notably, of the world’s 100 largest economic entities, 51 are&#13;
giant TNCs and the world’s 200 largest corporations have combined sales that are greater than the combined&#13;
GDP of all countries in the world. This desktop research assumes that bodies corporate are the key&#13;
institutions for eradicating poverty in Africa; and so are called upon to make a significant contribution to&#13;
the society that they operate in and depend upon for their economic and financial might. More specifically,&#13;
this paper examines the role of giant TNCs in poverty reduction in a continent that has high poverty levels&#13;
but endowed with plentiful resources</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe International Journal of Open &amp; Distance Learning</text>
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                <text>olitical Science studies domestic politics of a state or states, and contains political dynamics as one&#13;
of its sub-fields of study which in turn has as one of its sub-sub-fields – political parties, a special topic for&#13;
examination of this article. As a factual statement, political parties occupy an important place and play a&#13;
significant role in the governmental process of a state having democratic political institutions. However, in&#13;
countries with government systems characterized by a combination of authorization, a term which signifies non-&#13;
democratic government, and democratic parties; parties resembling those found in democracies are likely to&#13;
develop, but their importance depends on the degree to which representatives of the people are permitted to&#13;
participate in the determination of governmental policy. Under thoroughly authoritarian governments the right&#13;
to organize parties is either denied or confined to the membership of the ruling oligarchy. Consequently, party&#13;
systems of the type which operate in a democratic or partly democratic environment fail to materialize. As&#13;
events of the twentieth and 20th centuries and 21st centuries have demonstrated, authoritarian governments may&#13;
be controlled by the leaders of an organization, known as a party, which monopolizes the field of organized&#13;
political activity. Examples are the Communist Party of the former Russia; the Communist Party of China; and&#13;
the socialist Party of Cuba under Fidel is Castro. Cases of this kind are often attributable to a combination of&#13;
authoritarianism and totalitarianism. And in this article consideration is first given to the nature of political&#13;
parties, to different varieties of parties, and to the functions which parties normally perform. Thereafter the&#13;
discussion covers such matters as the character of party organization, the several kinds of party systems, and&#13;
the reasons why political parties are invaluable in a democracy</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering</text>
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                <text>Because inter-group conflict is inherent in the nature of modern organized institutions,&#13;
management should be capable of resolving this conflict before the dysfunctional consequences affect&#13;
organizational performance. The ability to prevent minimizes, and to resolve conflicts successfully is an&#13;
important skill or competency which administrators or managers must develop. The various strategies for&#13;
preventing, minimizing and resolving intergroup conflicts can be classified into three main categories which will&#13;
be the focal point of this article</text>
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                <text>SHUTTING THEM OUT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION IN ZIMBABWEAN POLITICS - A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>This work sought to explore the role of tertiary education institutions in the&#13;
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training, the relevance of their curricula in the country and the professional status of records&#13;
and archives professionals in industry and society as well as the challenges faced by tertiary&#13;
education institutions in offering the programme. Polytechnic colleges currently offer the&#13;
National Certificate, National Diploma and Higher National Diploma, while universities offer&#13;
bachelors’ degrees and only one university offers a master’s degree. The study made use of the&#13;
survey research design where data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. It was&#13;
discovered that more still needed to be done in opening up training opportunities for information&#13;
professionals as currently only 3 out of 15 universities and 5 out of 7 polytechnic colleges in&#13;
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institutions already offering the programme as well as on would-be trainees.</text>
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                <text>DIGITISATION OF RECORDS AND ARCHIVES AT TWO SELECTED&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>This study focused on the digitisation of records and archives at two selected state universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe, namely Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) and Harare Institute of Technology (HIT).&#13;
The specific objective was to evaluate the legal and statutory frameworks for managing the&#13;
digitisation of records and archives at the state universities. The legislative and statutory&#13;
imperatives in Zimbabwe, the exponential growth in digitised records and archiving in the state&#13;
universities and the lack of capacity of records personnel with regard to the management of digital&#13;
records and archives, motivated this study. The records of the state universities are stored on&#13;
network servers that the university can access. However, individual users are often able to copy or&#13;
move them to individual desktops and portable devices that are beyond the university’s control.&#13;
The study adopted a mixed methods convergent parallel research design and collected data through&#13;
questionnaires and interviews. The data collection instruments provided both quantitative and&#13;
qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using the SPSS analytical software package,&#13;
while qualitative data were organised into broad themes and the content reported in narrative form.&#13;
The findings were that both respondents and participants understand the records management&#13;
functions in their universities and both state universities are busy creating policies and procedures&#13;
for the digitisation of records and archives in their business transactions. The findings further&#13;
indicated that the two state universities were digitising their records and archives using untrained&#13;
personnel. Legislation, policies, and standards and procedures were not enforced. This exposed&#13;
the materials to major threats and risks in terms of their integrity, security and authenticity. The&#13;
study recommended that there the legal and statutory frameworks must be formulated,&#13;
implemented and enforced to cater for the digitisation of records and archives at state universities&#13;
in Zimbabwe</text>
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                <text>A FRAMEWORK FOR THE DIGITISATION OF RECORDS AND ARCHIVES&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>This research study investigates the digitisation of records and archives at two selected state&#13;
universities in Zimbabwe, namely, Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) and Harare Institute of&#13;
Technology (HIT). The two state universities have embarked on digitisation of their records and&#13;
archives resources in line with new technological trends of carrying out business online in both&#13;
teaching and administration. Mukred et al. (2019), and Mukred and Yusof (2018) stated that digital&#13;
technology in the educational sector can play a positive role in building on traditional learning&#13;
and teaching methods, enabling students to have easy access to the information they need and&#13;
leveraging academic achievements. However, Ambira, Kemoni and Ngulube (2019) observed that&#13;
digitisation, in most cases, is disjointed and uncoordinated, with each section adopting its strategy&#13;
and approach. Such practices negate the collective principle and responsibility of working jointly&#13;
towards delivering goods and services to stakeholders (Ambira et al. 2019).&#13;
The objective of this study was to determine whether the state universities were using a model or&#13;
framework for managing the digital records and archives, as digitisation of records and archives&#13;
must be a well-planned project with adequate resources and framework of operation (Tsvuura &amp;&#13;
Ngulube 2020). Another objective was to identify the gaps that exist in the digitisation of records and&#13;
archives in the two selected state universities and recommend ways of filling those gaps, if they exist</text>
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                <text>RELEVANCE OF MIXED METHODS&#13;
RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING A&#13;
FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITISING&#13;
RECORDS AND ARCHIVES&#13;
GODFREY TSVUURA&#13;
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                <text>This chapter discusses the relevance of mixed methods research in developing a framework for digitising&#13;
records and archives. Mixed methods research has never been extensively used to find solution to the&#13;
problems experienced in digitising records and archives. Digitisation, in general, has become a diverse&#13;
area whose problems cannot be solved with a mono research methodology. The application of both quan-&#13;
titative and qualitative techniques in finding solutions in the digitisation of records and archives would&#13;
help records and archives professionals to have a deeper understanding of the difficulties associated&#13;
with digitising records and archives, especially as the field is facing some rebirth due to advancement&#13;
in technology. Digitisation of records and archives is revolving and gaining momentum due to the shifts&#13;
of paradigms in techniques of record-keeping.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>ZIMBABWE’S E-GOVERNMENT READINESS AND ADOPTION OF CLOUD-BASED RECORDS MANAGEMENT IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION</text>
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                <text>SHEPARD MUTSAU </text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe is one of the developing countries striving to reach a middle economy status by year 2030. In its bid to achieve this vision, it has adopted an electronic government strategy (e-government strategy) &#13;
where government business is done electronically. An e-government strategy is a plan for e-government systems and their supporting infrastructure, which maximises the ability of government to achieve its &#13;
objective of Vision 2030. An e-government strategy must give direction where the government is going, its goals, vision, mission, and some implementation guidelines. In order to reach this objective, the &#13;
government has to become more accountable and transparent on its journey to Vision 2030, and one of its key drivers is proper records and archives management. Properly managed electronic government &#13;
records bring about accountability, transparency, and good governance.</text>
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                <text>ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ACADEMIC DECISION-MAKING AND STUDENTS’ RECORDKEEPING: A CASE OF AN ODEL UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education is reshaping traditional processes of academic decision-making and students’ recordkeeping. This study explores the use of AI in academic decision–making and students’ recordkeeping at Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU). A qualitative research methodology was adopted along with purposive sampling technique in which a sample of 5 heads of sections who deal with students’ recordkeeping were chosen as they have knowledge about the problem at hand. Data collected were analysed in thematic strands. Findings underscore that at ZOU, AI is being used to generate educational materials such as study guides, quizzes, automate administrative tasks like students grading as well as in other e-learning platforms such as My Vista, students support services, coursework material preparation and writing by students, data analytics and in widespread research. The study concludes that while AI offers significant opportunities to improve the management of students’ recordkeeping and academic decisions, its deployment must be guided by ethical principles, legal compliance, and capacity-building initiatives tomaximise benefits and mitigate risks. The study recommends the need for human oversight, inclusive data practices and robust governance frameworks to ensure fairness and accountability in AI-enabled academic decision-making and students’ recordkeeping.</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Open University Journal of Applied Social Sciences</text>
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                  <text>Department of Counselling</text>
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                <text>AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF&#13;
OFFENDER REHABILITATION POLICIES IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>GRANISIA MASONA MUSANGO</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of offender&#13;
rehabilitation policies in Zimbabwe prisons in light of the efforts by stakeholders to&#13;
reform offenders. The primary objective of the study was to establish the extent to&#13;
which the correctional services are curbing ex-convicts from committing crimes. The&#13;
study was also aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation policies&#13;
implemented in Zimbabwe towards addressing the problem of re-offending.&#13;
Furthermore, the study sought to identify the reasons why released offenders continue&#13;
to commit crimes despite their participation in various rehabilitation programmes&#13;
during their period of incarceration. The methodology of the study was centred on the&#13;
interpretivist philosophy as practised in qualitative research methods. The study&#13;
participants included prisoners who were first time offenders, prisoners who were re-&#13;
arrested, prison officers who supervise the rehabilitation programmes and NGOs&#13;
responsible for various rehabilitation programme concerning prisoners. Data was&#13;
primarily generated through face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, focus&#13;
group discussions and participant observation which were inevitable in this study by&#13;
nature of being a qualitative research where the researcher is the prime instrument of&#13;
data generation. Secondary data was sought from documents analysed from Harare&#13;
Central, Chikurubi Farm and Chikurubi Female Prisons records and statistics offices&#13;
and other stakeholders. The findings of the study revealed a host of challenges that&#13;
stall effective policy implementation chief among them being the deplorable living&#13;
conditions in the prisons. The negative attitude perspectives and stigma , among other&#13;
things, were seen to be the reasons for offenders getting into a vicious circle of re-&#13;
offending. The study recommended stakeholder cooperation in policy&#13;
implementation, monitoring and evaluation among other things</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1907">
                <text>2016</text>
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        <name>Offender</name>
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