2 25 100 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/b3b69ff1d34f5c6b34bb73b1ae4ae370.pdf 08d1b746e066dd867280dae99f542bcf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ENGENDERED INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS IN SMALLHOLDER ANIMAL AGRICULTURE IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN M. MGCINI Description An account of the resource The subject of gender and animal agriculture has attracted attention in recent years, primarily from the need to addressing the gender divide and fulfilling the special needs of women in food production. Animal agriculture is severely constrained by the presence of a wide range of factors that affect both production and productivity of livestock, especially in the poor rural farming communities that don’t have the access to modern and/or conventional livestock management skills. Women in particular, face a number of interlinked constraints that reduce their sustainable contribution of indigenous knowledge to animal agriculture and food security. As a result of this scenario, enhancing animal agriculture; gender equality and utilization of indigenous knowledge as means of promoting food security and reduce poverty has been a challenge in Sub Saharan Africa. It is believed that within the small-holder livestock production systems which is characterized by a generally low input-output system, the sustainability of animal agriculture efforts need to consider indigenous knowledge system as a dominant factor in improving production. Identifying indigenous knowledge systems in animal agriculture that support women’s roles and effort as livestock owners, processors and users of livestock products while strengthening their decision-making power and capabilities, are key aspects in promoting women’s economic and social empowerment, and consequently provides a way to enable rural women to break the cycle of poverty. Women play an important role in animal agriculture through management, processing and marketing, acting as animal care providers, livestock feed gatherers, and animal birth attendants. They take care of milking of animals, although not all women control the sale of milk and its products. Raising awareness concerning the value of gendered indigenous knowledge related to the sustainable use and management of animal agriculture is crucial for alleviating food insecurity and enhancing rural development. The discussion attempt to explore the role of engendered indigenous knowledge systems as they relate to animal agriculture and their implications for improving animal agriculture and food security in Sub Saharan Africa Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Review Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/b87207e5eaaaacdc90ad0800f43be67d.pdf 22e3cd6723aa69952d42ff5cff67fc23 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN ENHANCING FOOD PRODUCTION AND SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource his discussion explores the opportunities and challenges in enhancing food production and security in the context of climatic variability in Sub Saharan Africa. The promotion of sustainable use of plant and animal products with emphasis on satisfying basic human needs, improving people’s standard of living, enhancing food security and reducing poverty have taken a center stage in Sub Saharan Africa. However, the efforts in this direction are being impacted negatively by climate change, through animal and crop production which have not been spared due to the natural disasters and environmental challenges which have affected all regions of Sub Saharan Africa indiscriminately. Climate is a particularly important driver of food production systems performance at the agriculture end of the food chain. It can affect the quantities and types of food produced as well as production-related income especially for the poor resource farmers. In order to be able to adequately address food production and security in the context of climate, there is need for the region to carry out thorough climatic vulnerability and adaptation assessments. Supporting research and training of experts to carry out vulnerability and adaptation assessments on crop and livestock production is crucial in order for respective countries to develop climate change adaptation measures to meet the obligation on food production and security. Sub Saharan Africa’s agro- ecological regions are variable and need to develop specific adaptivemeasures to reduce vulnerability to climate change. Due to the changing climatic conditions which the continent has already witnessed many severe climatic induced vulnerability such as decline in rainfall amounts and intensity, reduced length of rain season and increasing warm and occasionally very hot conditions has affected food production and security. Crop and livestock production systems will need to adapt to higher ambient temperatures, lower nutritional value of feed resources and new diseases and parasites occurrence. It can be seen that the present crop and livestock production systems based on pastoral or rangeland grazing husbandry systems, ecological destruction through climatic variability and overgrazing due to high stocking rates in areas where feed and water has been compromised due to high temperatures caused by climate change does not augur well for future livestock productivity. The understanding of climate change variables and their impacts is the first step in climate change research and prerequisite for defining appropriate adaptive responses by local crop and livestock farmers. Sustainable crop and livestock production supporting rural development should be compatible with the goals of curbing the effects of climate change. Production priorities should be directed towards promoting local crop and livestock genetic resources by providing comprehensive research support services on the impact of climate change. Both crops and livestock play important roles in farming systems, as they offer opportunities for risk coping, farm diversification and intensification, and provide significant livelihood benefits and food security. The chapter therefore, concludes that the effectiveness of biophysical responses of crop and livestock production systems to specific environmental challenges that are anticipated as a result of climate change, and then the range of adaptive measures that might be taken by local producers to ameliorate their effects will be the prerequisite for defining appropriate societal responses and meet food security targets Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Climate change Crop Livestock Sub Saharan Africa https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/2d52ace27a89816f4ac7d0ec0e3c1b8c.pdf fcf9748ecf30a0d6585b4bd268f317b2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF ADEQUATE AND INADEQUATE INORGANIC FERTILIZER RATES ON THE YIELD LEVELS OF PAPRIKA IN MUTASA RESETTLEMENT AREA, MANICALAND PROVINCE, ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CULVER MVUMI adequate/ inadequate fertilizer Paprika rate https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/0d206f5b6bbb07adc65fa13713f8f8bb.pdf ec7ef5129272f0637ae19f5db5cf0655 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource WEANING AGE/TIME BASED MODEL INFLUENCING PERFORMANCE IN GOATS AND SHEEP MEAT PRODUCTION Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource Weaning is an essential animal husbandry intervention which has been associated with nutritional stress that interferes with both animal’s behavioral and physiological responses consequently influencing post weaning growth performance in goats and sheep production. The timing of weaning and/or weaning age of kids/lambs becomes critical in determination of flock performance with the intention of maximizing meat productivity and improving profitability. There are two possibilities that exist in deciding on weaning age of kids/lambs, thus early and late weaning, however, the decision on when to wean is dependent mainly on the production environment and purpose, as well as the dam welfare. Age at weaning differ greatly in sheep and goats, therefrom 14 days to natural weaning, and exceeding four months of age. In sheep production effective early weaning has been practiced untimely at 14 days; in goats’ kids have been weaned early successfully at 28 days. Early weaning is considered traditionally weaning ahead of the 90 days of age; 60 days is most widely used; age thereafter qualifies for late weaning. The age at weaning greatly influences post weaning animal performance, however if not timed properly it would impact negatively also on weaner survival rates. Weaning itself is a very stressful procedure and subjecting kids/lambs to further stress which directly impinge on the kid/lamb’s immunity consequently increasing their susceptibility to diseases and reduced weight gain. There is need for age of weaning to balance the potential positive impacts on the ewes/does to rebreed, with potential negative impacts on the kid/lamb growth performance and survivability. Early weaning has become an effective husbandry practice especially in advanced goat and sheep production systems, which focuses on shortened female breeding reproductive cycle, while enhancing meat productivity through increased frequency of kidding/lambing. It is important to consider weaning age in relation to nutritional strategies which provide adequate time for diet transition which is intended not to compromise feed utilization and feed conversion efficiency in kids/lambs consequently reducing growth performance. The effectiveness of weaning age and anticipated live weight gains post-weaning is dependent on nutritional management especially concentrate supplementation which may promote performance and productivity in pastured based systems. Late weaning is probably convenient for less prolific goat and sheep breeds and genotypes not selected for their growth potential. It should be acknowledged that there is interaction between weaning age with other factors such as nutrition, sex and weight of animal. Some of the goat and sheep producers worldwide have shifted to use of weight based weaning model, similar age but with different weights, heavier lambs have superior development efficiency during lactation. The present review gives an insight on the consequences of early and late weaning on animal’s post weaning performance in small ruminants Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Goats Performance parameters Sheep Weaning age https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/3a7dfdfb9a76e97f4a8865814e91eb25.pdf a24fc1611ffe90b027ebe4b418f595e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GENDER, AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT AND VULNERABILITY OF RESOURCE POOR FARMERS IN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Gender is a socio-economic variable which can be used to analyze vulnerability and adaptive capacity of people against climate change and variability in local communities in Africa. Due to climatic change and variability, achieving sustainability inagriculture with emphasis on satisfying basic human needs and improving people’s standard of living through enhancing food security and reducing poverty has been a challenge in Africa. This has been exacerbated by the fact that rapid increase in human population has outpaced the ability to produce sufficient food for the growing population. This discussion attempt to link gender vulnerability to climate change impact on resource poor peasant farmers in Africa. Climate change and variability is now widely regarded as the most serious challenge facing Africa, with consequences that go far beyond the effects on the environment, hence affecting both men and women indiscriminately. Despite the negative impact of climate change on crop, livestock production and biodiversity conservation, poor resources peasant famers are incentivized to engage in these activities because of the wide spectrum of benefits accrued, such as cash income, food, manure, draft power and hauling services, savings and insurance, and social status and social capital. It is against this background that crops and livestock species that remarkably possess distinctive qualities enabling them to excel efficiently in the context of the uncertainties of climatic variability need to be promoted to reduce vulnerability at household level. The use of adaptive genotypes such as the local animal and crop genetic resources may sustain household production in the context of climate change. Small grain crops (sorghum, millet, cow peas. pigeon peas etc) and small stock (goats, sheep, poultry, etc) which are associated with women are less likely to succumb to climate change than the large ruminants which are owned by men. It is reasonably to suggest that the exclusion – or lack of participation – of women in decision making over biodiversity conservation and natural resource management can have implications for conservation outcomes because of gender role differences in natural resources utilization and conservation based on indigenous knowledge. The review concludes that the impact of climate change will have a graver effect on womenthan men, due to their different specific socio economic roles and their participation in different agricultural activities and biodiversity conservation effort. The range of adaptive measures that might be taken for local communities to ameliorate climate change effects should take into account gender differentials, if they are to succeed. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Agricultural Advances Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Africa Climate change Gender. Agriculture Natural biodiversity https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8716695efe2e9d28c05a8890f601e821.pdf 009d876e3cbc97e6b8d7064d2f84f2a9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VINE HARVESTING FREQUENCY IMPACT ON TUBER YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF COMMONEST SWEET POTATO CULTIVAR IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource C. MVUMI B. ZENDERA B. MASHAYAMOMBE Description An account of the resource Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) root tubers and vines are important for human and animal nutritional requirements, respectively; the vines being additionally used for propagation, but root tuber yield is greatly affected by vine harvesting frequency. This study aimed at assessing the potential effect of vine harvesting frequency of sweet potato German 11 cultivar on attributes of root tuber yield under sprinkler irrigation after 140 days from planting. Treatments used consisted of vine harvesting once (VHO) at 8 weeks after planting, 2 times (VH2T) at 8 and 10 weeks after planting; 3 times (VH3T) at 8, 10 and 12 weeks after planting; and 4 times (VH4T) at 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12 weeks and at 14 weeks after planting. No vine harvesting was the control. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Results revealed that vine harvesting frequency had a relative effect on all root tuber yield attributes of sweet potato. The lower the vine harvesting frequency the higher the yield obtained. Vines harvested once (VHO) at 8 weeks significantly (P<0.001) increased root tuber dry matter (DM) (29.3%) and total root tuber yield (14.5 t ha-1) as compared to VH4T, and also gave optimum results in all the root tuber yield parameters measured. Based on the results, optimum German 11 cultivar production capacity is achieved when vine harvesting for livestock feeding and propagation is done only once at 8 weeks Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 German 11 Nutritional requirements Propagation Root tuber yield https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/41ba66bdf4c5091f5c7cae232f47c0ae.pdf 52f2ac7b44057cca989dc8e45c7a0c9b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource VIABILITY OF SMALLHOLDER DAIRYING IN WEDZA, ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource PLAXEDIS IVY ZVINOROVA TINYIKO EDWARD HALIMANI RENNETH T. MANO NOBBERT TAKARWIRWA NGONGONI Description An account of the resource Viability differences in smallholder dairy farming are a result of differences in access to markets and services. It is hypothesized that innovations that improve productivity and market linkages also improve returns and viability. The viability of smallholder dairying in Wedza was characterised by interviewing 52 households using semi-structured ques- tionnaires. Information on demographics, production, mar- keting, livestock numbers, assets and constraints was obtained. Farmers were resource-constrained with differen- ces in access to resources. The highly resourced farmers had higher milk output and numbers of livestock. Almost 40 % of the households were female-headed, and these dominated the poor category. Household sizes ranged from 4 to 13 persons. Milk off-take was low (3.7±0.53 l/cow/day), due to various constraints. Only rich farmers had viable enter- prises in purely financial terms. Per litre cost of milk was more than selling price (US$0.96) for most farmers except the relatively rich. Operating ratios were 1.7, 0.6, 1.4 and 1.1 for the poor, rich, sub-centre and milk collection centre farmers, respectively. This means incomes from the dairy activities did not cover costs. Sensitivity analysis indicated that increases in total variable costs and labour reduced returns. Milk production and viability were influenced by access to resources and markets. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Trop Anim Health Prod Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Mixed crop–livestock production Resource-driven farming systems Sensitivity analysis https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/10c557c801fd320a9e168b75a246072e.pdf 85c683066de039b98e4e23f47639f879 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource TRANSFORMING PEOPLE’S LIVELIHOODS THROUGH LAND REFORM IN A1 RESETTLEMENT AREAS IN GOROMONZI DISTRICT IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource TAVONGA NJAYA (PHD) Description An account of the resource The study reflected on the livelihoods activities of A1 farmers in Goromonzi District in Mashonaland East Province in Zimbabwe. The study used both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, direct observations and document reviews. A structured household questionnaire was used as the basic tool to collect socio-economic and production data pertaining to A1 farmers. Using a livelihoods conceptual framework and elicitation approach, the study revealed interesting points with regard to the assets extended to and acquired by A1 households in Baines Hope and Ingwenya farm in Goromonzi District. The study found that while some households engaged in non- agricultural activities, for most households crop production was the main source of livelihoods. Although maize was the dominant crop, there was some diversification into soya beans, potatoes, tobacco, sorghum and groundnuts. In this respect, almost all households were able to utilise their landholdings to ensure household food security. Further, several households exchanged grain as payment for agricultural labour services while surplus grain was sold. The provision of land had also a positive impact of enabling some beneficiaries to acquire certain assets that they did not have before they were resettled, or that they would not have been able to accumulate if they had remained in the areas they previously lived. The acquired assets included livestock, ox- ploughs, scotch carts, lorries, tractors, passenger vehicles and bigger houses. Some of these assets were used to supplement household livelihoods in various ways. Generally landholding had led to significant welfare and income gains for the majority of the households. However, limitations, in terms of access to agricultural inputs, credit, equipment and infrastructural support severely restricted the potential of livelihood enhancement arising from land redistribution. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 A1 model assets credit fast track land reform programme household livelihoods https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/f2f50bef76889e6102af24aab7117502.pdf 4de2a01862f10bec314cf56ae2166db6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource THE IMPACT OF URBAN WETLAND FARMING ON FOOD SECURITY IN ZIMBABWE’S URBAN AREAS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DELIWE TEMBACHAKO ANYWAY KATANHA RUMBIDZAI DEBRA KATSARUWARE Description An account of the resource This study explores the urban wetlands contribution to household food security in Zimbabwe. This is under the backdrop of hazy information which exists under the environmental importance of wetland resource discourse. The study was an ethnographic in nature which used a qualitative research approach. The study used a number of livelihood tools in food security assessment which included, direct observations, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and a household questionnaire survey, to solicit the data. A satellite town (Chitungwiza) close to Zimbabwe’s capital city (Harare) was used for this study. A sum of 300 subjects from the three main residential areas namely Seke, St Mary’s and Zengeza suburbs were selected for the study. Systematic sampling was used to select wetland urban farmers in each surbub, followed by random sampling which resulted in a sample size of 100 from each suburb. The results revealed that 92% of the urban farmers practice agriculture in wetlands. Sixty two percent acknowledge that they are food secure because of wetland agriculture. The main crops which are planted in these wetlands include maize, sweet potatoes, and vegetables in order of their importance. Hundred percent respondents were of the opinion that soils from wetlands are richer than those from other landscapes and therefore reducing expenses on input costs like fertilizers. About 80% of those that are food secure are women headed households. Eighty seven percent of the respondents confirmed that wetlands provide products and services that significantly contribute to their household food security. Despite the wetland’s contribution, these urban farmers face some challenges which include low inputs, unreliable and erratic rainfall, unfavorable urban agricultural policies and diseases. Urban population increase around the wetlands, embedded with other anthropogenic activities, economic crisis, land shortage and climate change presents households with limited options. The study recommends urban agricultural policies that take into account the importance of wetlands as reliable agricultural landscape and reduce the construction of buildings in the wetlands. Adoptions of relevant technologies that ensure sustainable use of wetland resources for food security for example zero tillage. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Asian Academic Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 food security Livelihood Urban Wetland farming https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/ccd874af83d72ddde912ac938c9ae7df.pdf 964183e572ec7219c2bca46c82c618f4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource THE EFFECT OF STAGE OF GROWTH AND METHOD OF DRYING FRESH HERBAGE ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THREE TROPICAL HERBACEOUS FORAGE LEGUMES [EFECTO DE LA ETAPA DE CRECIMIENTO Y EL MÉTODO DE SECADO SOBRE LA COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA DE TRES ESPECIES HERBACEAS DE LEGUMINOSAS FORRAJERAS TROPICALES] Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J. F. MUPANGWA N. T. NGONGONI H. HAMUDIKUWANDA Description An account of the resource The objective of this study was to assess the effect of stage of growth and method of drying fresh herbage on the chemical composition of herbaceous forage legumes namely Cassia rotundifolia (Cassia), Lablab purpureus (Lablab) and Macroptilium atropurpureum (Siratro). The interactions of legume species, drying method and stage of growth influenced the crude protein content and nitrogen degradation of the legumes. Siratro maintained a greater protein content ranging from 191 to 282 g/kg DM, at all stages of growth and drying methods than either cassia or lablab which had values ranging from, respectively, 173 to 246 and 162 to 254 g/kg DM, but were also different. Drying the forages at 60 0C caused an increase in the acid detergent insoluble nitrogen content of the legumes. The neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and lignin content of cassia and siratro harvested at 8 or 14 weeks of growth were greater than in lablab. While the protein content declines with fibre increasing with advancing plant maturity, the legumes tend to maintain a high CP content, which makes them acceptable protein supplementary feeds to low quality roughages. Among the three legumes, siratro showed a higher sustained CP content followed by cassia, and lablab was the least. To ensure high quality forage more emphasis should be placed on drying methods and harvest management as this affects the extent of leaf loss from the forage legumes and hence the quality of the final feed given to animals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 chemical composition Forage Legumes stage of growth https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/58e91103d5976d5d4db36a25a6b41877.pdf 1ef2fb18ce6a95d02a80ce4011021f56 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource THE EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF ATRAZINE UNDER CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource MUTSVANDIANI CHIKUTUMA LOVEJOY TEMBO WISDOM KURANGWA Description An account of the resource An experiment was set up to evaluate the residual effect of atrazine in cowpea production under conservation agriculture. The trial was superimposed on a previous herbicide trial of a maize crop in 2012/2013 season. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and four treatments as follows; 1. control (manual weeding), 2. Atrazine (3.6 litres/ha), 3. Atrazine (3.6 litres/ha) + glyphosate (2.5 litres/ha) and 4. Atrazine (3.6 litres/ha) + glyphosate (2.5 litres/ha) + metolachlor (1 litre/ha). Herbicide treatment was carried out at planting time and manual weeding at 10 cm weed height. Data collected include: germination percentage, weed counts and weed biomass, cowpea biomass, pod length and cowpea yield. The herbicidal treatments showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on pod length and cowpea yield. The control plot had the highest pod length of 17.03cm and atrazine alone had the least of 15.77cm. A combination of three herbicides had the highest yield of 1.2t/ha and atrazine alone had the lowest yield of 0.9t/ha. No significant (p>0.05) effects were recorded on percentage germination, weed counts and weed biomass as well as on cowpea biomass. Tank mixing of two or more herbicides is recommended when using atrazine to reduce residual effect and further research is recommended under different soil types with different climatic conditions Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 atrazine Conservation agriculture cowpea residual effect https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/cb175d81731b5d58fc16418e4c5ffade.pdf ece620d106cc11f705b9bad78485329e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource THE EFFECT FEEDING FORAGE LEGUMES AS NITROGEN SUPPLEMENT ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J. J. BALOYI N. T. NGONGONI H. HAMUDIKUWANDA Description An account of the resource The effect of feeding forage legumes, Cowpea, Silverleaf desmodium and Oxley fine stem stylo, as protein supplements to natural pasture (veld) hay on intake, growth rate and nitrogen metabolism in growing lambs was evaluated. Thirty growing lambs were stratified according to body weight and randomly assigned, within a stratum, to five diets in a completely randomised design. The diets were veld hay alone (V), veld hay supplemented with either 10 g/kg of urea (VU), veld hay supplemented with 250 g/kg Cowpea (VC), 250 g/kg Silverleaf desmodium (VS) or 250 g/kg Oxley fine stem stylo (VF) forage legume hays. The V and the VU groups were used as control diets. Animals supplemented with either urea or the forage legume had higher (P<0.01) total dry matter intake compared with the animals on V. The animals supplemented with the forage legumes had higher (P<0.01) nitrogen intake and faecal nitrogen output than the non- supplemented group. All animals, across the treat-ments, lost body weight; lambs on V had higher (P< 0.01) body weight losses than those in the other treatments. The forage legume supplemented groups lost less (P<0.01) body weight than those on the V and VU diets. Although supplementation with forage legumes enhanced feed intake and reduced weight losses it did not maintain body weights Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Trop Anim Health Prod Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/c2afe98a81f4fdeacca5b9170ea1eb2c.pdf a77869cee0c0764133068181fb1c2746 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource THE ECONOMICS OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE MARKETING BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN MUREHWA AND MUTOKO DISTRICTS IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource TAVONGA NJAYA Description An account of the resource The study assessed the nature of marketing chain of fruits and vegetables in Murehwa and Mutoko Districts in Mashonaland East Province in Zimbabwe. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques were used. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, direct observations and document reviews. A structured household questionnaire was used as the basic tool to collect socio-economic and production data pertaining to fruit and vegetable smallholder producers. The study revealed that poor infrastructure for storage, processing and marketing of fruits and vegetables contributed to losses to the farmers. Smallholder farmers generally focused on production activities and showed relatively little interest in postharvest and marketing activities. The major markets included traditional wet markets such as Mbare and Machipisa Vegetable Markets in Harare and spot selling. The presence of informal middlemen at Mbare and Machipisa Vegetable Markets had led to considerable reduction of the farmers’ profit margins. The study recommended strong partnerships through commodity clusters among farmers in order to be able to supply organised markets such as food processors, institutions (hospitals, tertiary colleges and boarding schools), supermarkets and fast food shops with produce of standardised quality, meet volume requirements and assure consistency of supplies and to enhance efficiency in marketing. Buyer-supplier partnerships such as contract farming sponsored by agro-food processors also facilitated fruit and vegetable marketing while providing farmers access to skills, technologies and infrastructure. Further research should focus on value addition of fruits and vegetables produced by smallholder farmers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 commodity clusters fruits infrastructure market access smallholder farmers supply chain vegetables https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/2fbff2a7161b1616c42591dde4f56296.pdf 0f179adf5db933d4cbed11dd854c6b73 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SYSTEMATIC CROSSBREEDING AND ITS IMPACT ON CARCASS PARAMETERS AND ASSOCIATED MEAT QUALITY PROPERTIES IN GOATS AND SHEEP Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource The major focus of any commercial goat and sheep enterprise is to maximize on carcass and meat production and obviously realizing substantial gain in profits. In modern goat and sheep meat production, crossbreeding has become an admissible and accelerated strategy to produce carcasses that ensure the point of departure for leaner meat, in addition to consumer acceptable carcass properties. It has become a norm that genetic manipulation for desired carcass and meat quality in small ruminants can be achieved through crossbreeding. There is considerable individual, maternal and paternal heteroses for carcass and meat quality properties in goat/ sheep crosses. In this regard, crossing of genetic distant goat/sheep breeds fortifies the degree of manifestation of carcass and meat quality performance results. In practice noticeable commercial gains have been achieved in improving carcass and meat quality properties through crossing indigenous and exotic goats’/sheep breeds, especially in low input production systems. It should be noted that the inconsistency on end results on the impact of crossbreeding on carcass and meat quality parameters is due to various non-genetic factors that are experienced in different production systems. Carcass and meat value is influenced by a significant number of different factors where the uttermost importance are genotype, nutrition, sex, age and weight at slaughter and management. In this case, comparability of results of crossbreeding on carcass and meat quality performance in different production systems have been debatable and complicated, due to the fact that in certain cases crossbred animals are slaughtered at the same age and varied sex, and/or different age and same sex, possibly differing in weight at slaughter. The differentiated nutritional management in extensive versus intensive production systems is critical in determining the quality carcass and/or meat in crossbred goat and sheep. Consumers have been the major prescribers of the intended form of carcass and meat quality proponents’ world over, especially in developed countries. In this regard crossbreeding has been strategically used to customise meat production to the needs of various production systems, in terms of carcass and meat attributes seem acceptable by different host markets and consumers’ expectations. However, it has been acknowledged that not necessarily every crossing is adapted for breeding to guarantee comparable desired carcass and meat quality parameters, hence different combination of two-breed and to a lesser extent three-breed crossing of selected populations of goats and sheep have been used to carter for the needs of different production systems and markets. Against this background, the application of any systematic crossbreeding strategy should take into account the appropriate breed combination by selecting right population to fulfill efficient goat/sheep meat production. Crossbreeding capitalize on genetic distance through utilizing superior specialized maternal and paternal breeds/lines for the purpose of maximizing their superiority, diluting their flaws for improved performance in carcass and meat quality parameters. Basically, crossbreeding is not one size fits all, in conformity with expanded genetic diversity of goat and sheep breeds and differential production systems, no one combination of specific breeds will work for multiple production systems. The purpose of the present review is to give an insight on the impact of crossbreeding on carcass and meat quality parameters in goats and sheep Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (2020) 9(7) 945-955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Carcass Meat Crossbreeding quality Goat Sheep https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8301308cf10bcf9c2d851275af02cb50.pdf f0383ca376e2d4de5e82b1febefe4640 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SUNFLOWER BASED RATIONS FOR SMALL-MEDIUM MILK PRODUCING DAIRY COWS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N.T. NGONGONI C. MAPIYE M. MWALE B. MUPETA M. CHIMONYO Description An account of the resource Two dairy concentrates (ram press sunflower and sunflower heads) were formulated locally and their effects on the performance of crossbred dairy cows were compared with that of a commercial dairy concentrate. There were no significant differences in body condition and milk production responses by crossbred dairy cows to sunflower based diets compared to commercial dairy concentrates (p > 0.05). It was suggested that the sunflower based rations can be used as cheaper alternatives to conventional dairy concentrates. The ram press sunflower cake, in particular is an option that may be used by smallholder dairy farmers to formulate local dairy concentrate, which influence dairying to a similar extent as the commercial dairy concentrate but cheaply. More research is required to determine fermentation patterns, rumen microbial protein synthesis, true intestinal digestibility and absorption of nutrients from sunflower-based diets at the small intestines in crossbred dairy cows Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Pakistan Journal of Nutrition Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 Crossbred dairy cow live-weight milk yield ram press sunflower cake sunflower heads https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/3dd2007fb28bd535e1657eae7a5b9d65.pdf 1b83dd62610c5a659e5d62a5a8d06fa3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource INFLUENCE OF SUCKLING AND/OR MILKING METHOD ON YIELD AND MILK COMPOSITION IN DAIRY ANIMALS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Achieving the maximum marketable milk yield with a high fat and protein content is desirable to producers to increase farm profitability. The present discussion points to the fact that rearing systems and milking method used affect either milk yield or milk composition during the entire lactation. Increased milk production elicited by suckling is probably due to the additional stimulus of the mammary gland, and is associated with improved mammary development through regulation of secretion of hormone during this period with markedly increase in milk. Dairy farmers can take advantage of suckling stimulus as a management tool combined with stipulated frequency of machine milking to increase milk production. Restricted suckling may increase total milk production without reducing milk available for human consumption or sale. The present discussion explores the consequences of different milking methods and/or suckling in dairy production enterprises for improving yield and milk composition in dairy animals Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 1 Scientific Journal of Zoology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 composition Milking Suckling yield https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/8e064dc88d631ae51b08fa7f4c37a876.pdf 6d683aba61831b95452cf6b6a584170f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource STRATEGIES AND APPROACHES TO SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Livestock is a dominant agricultural activity in Sub Saharan Africa, which is generally considered a key asset for most rural population and contribute to the livelihoods and nutrition of purely subsistence households. This discussion is a synthesis of possible strategies to consider for sustaianble livestock production, focusing on issues of climate change, gender, smallholder livestock support and use of indigenous knowledge systems, and how these may influence livestock production. There are many measures which need to be explored with the aim of making the livestock systems become driving forces of sustainable agricultural development. One of the major factors responsible for the declining livestock productivity in the region is the relegation to the background of the contributions of women in the issues of livestock production. On the other hand, climate change and variability is now widely regarded as the most serious challenge facing Sub Saharan Africa, with consequences that go far beyond the effects on the environment, hence affecting most communities indiscriminately. Despite the negative impact of climate change on livestock production and biodiversity conservation, poor resources peasant famers are incentivized to engage in these activities because of the wide spectrum of benefits accrued, such as cash income, food, manure, draft power and hauling services, savings and insurance, and social status and social capital. Since time immemmorial, indigenous livestock knowledge systems have been used in smallholder livestock farming sector, while strengthening livestock productivity. These are some of the key aspects in promoting livestock development, through economically and socially empowering local communities, and consequently providing a way to enable rural communities to break the cycle of poverty. In this discussion, some of the strategic steps that can be adopted for future sustainable livestock production, include and not limited to the following: promotion of gender equality and equity in livestock production systems in terms of equal access to livestock productive resources, boosting climate change mitigation startegies, and empowering women in livestock production decision making. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available 284 Scientific Journal of Animal Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Climate change Gender Livestock production Smallholder https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/d7798e2743c3f263e4f29ef4f855d7b5.pdf 203b350acbbe63a69429a39e58e2c9fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource STORAGE TEMPERATURE AFFECTS FRUIT QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BER (ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA LAMK.) IN ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource LOVEJOY TEMBO Z. A. CHITEKA I RENE KADZERE FESTUS K. AKINNIFESI F. TAGWIRA Description An account of the resource Fruit utilization is affected by quality attributes and shelf life. The quality of Jujube or Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) fruits after harvest depends on storage conditions used. In this study, different storage temperatures and durations were evaluated to determine the appropriate storage conditions of fresh fruits of Z. mauritiana. Three storage temperature levels, low (5oC), intermediate (15oC) and ambient (22oC) were evaluated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks storage durations. Fruits stored at low temperature lost only 48% of their weight during the entire 12 week storage period while the fruits stored in the ambient and intermediate temperature ranges lost 70 and 75% of weight, respectively. At three weeks of storage, more than 40% of fruits had shrivelled under the ambient and intermediate storage temperatures compared to only 3% under the low storage temperature. It is concluded that cold storage condition can prolong the shelf life of Z. mauritiana fruits Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available African Journal of Biotechnology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008 drying fruit colour Naturalised fruit shelf life storage condition vitamin C https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/0dd1f1daaef70d733c47741a43dc42b3.pdf dfa1ef946730816f61e5beb0657afc81 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource MORINGA (MORINGA OLEIFERA) LEAF EXTRACTS INHIBIT SPORE GERMINATION OF ALTERNARIA SOLANI, CAUSAL AGENT OF EARLY BLIGHT DISEASE OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CULVER MVUMI ELIZABETH NGADZE DIANA MARAIS ELSA S DU TOIT BRIGHTON M MVUMI Description An account of the resource Alternaria solani is highly infective and can sporulate on tomato at 13.2 × 10 6 spores mL−1. The fungicidal effect of Moringa oleifera leaf chloroform and aqueous extracts (MLCE and MLAE, respectively) was investigated in vitro to determine the inhibitory effect on germination of spores (conidia) of A. solani. Mixtures of spore suspension and MLCE, as well as MLAE (1:1), were prepared and dropped on slides by micropipette with 20 μL spore suspension of A. solani and 20 μL of MLCE and MLAE. The two treatments, MLCE and MLAE, were applied at four concentrations (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg mL−1) and compared with negative (distilled water; no extracts) and positive (diflucan, a commercial fungicide) controls with five replicates. The two extracts showed relatively high inhibitory effects on the germination of conidia from the lowest to the highest concentration. Germination of conidia decreased with increase in the concentrations of the extracts. The study showed that 250 mg mL−1 is the optimum concentration for both MLCE and MLAE. The highest concentration inhibited germination (0.0%) in both extracts. Based on the results from the present study, MLCE and MLAE are both effective in inhibiting germination of A. solani conidia Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available South African Journal of Plant and Soil Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 conidia germination early blight Moringa oleifera leaves solvents https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/ec99b0c4e4bdae7468298d0604beee02.pdf 0ba17c524b0b1a3352b13fe216286791 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SOURCES AND CAUSES OF CONFLICT THAT EXIST BETWEEN LOCALS AND REGULATORY BOARDS ON BIO-DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT: A CASE FOR BINDURA RURAL/URBAN DWELLERS AND THE FORESTRY COMMISSION Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource RITTAH KASOWE Description An account of the resource The study sought to establish sources and causes of conflict that exist between locals and regulatory boards on bio-diversity management in Bindura rural/urban dwellers and the Forestry Commission. According to Zimbabwean laws, community is the owner of environment hence they have to control it .The society seem to be economically and socially forced by the situation to destroy their environment for example the erratic power cuts in urban set up force urban residence to depend on natural energy that is firewood for their domestic use. The community however continues to compete in the cutting of trees expediting the destruction of the environment. The forestry commission preserves the environment by stipulating measures against the destruction of forests. (Forestry Commission Act). This however is a source of conflict since the community claims it owns the forests and should depend on it whilst the forestry commission’s legislative board guards against the destruction of the environment. The significance of the study was to come up with solutions of reducing deforestation and preserving the environment without causing conflict amongst regulatory boards and the community. The study was a descriptive survey which sought to establish views and perceptions of randomly selected concerned parties in the bio-diversity management and preservation. The main questions raised in this scenario were, was the community aware of their rights pertaining to cutting of trees in the forests? How best could the Forestry Commission Act be incorporated so as to inform the community? How can the conflict that do exist between the Forestry commission and the community be resolved Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Bindura dwelle deforestation environment orestry commission https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/1926a78cc68dd4ace6876dad5e03ddfb.pdf 672b1264bdc76b7ee0c1caeb5ca3a685 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF SMALLHOLDER RABBIT PRODUCTION IN MT DARWIN DISTRICT OF ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DELIWE SYLVESTER CLAYTON MASHAPA LIGHTON DUBE MAY MREMA Description An account of the resource A study was conducted to analyze the socio-economic factors influencing commercialization of rabbit production in communal areas of Mt Darwin district of Zimbabwe. A study sample of 85 smallholder rabbit farmers was randomly selected across the study area. Data were collected by means of questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that 81.2% of respondents had attained some form of education and 63.5% had more than 6 years of rabbit farming experience. It was also observed that access to agricultural extension services, rabbit producer price, agricultural education and experience in rabbit keeping significantly (P < 0.05) influenced commercialization of rabbit farming by the farmers. It was concluded that improved access to agricultural extension services by a farmer, good rabbit producer prices, level of agricultural training attained by a farmer and years of rabbit farming experience of a farmer ease farmer’s ability to adopt commercial rabbit production and hence a higher production level. It was recommended that Zimbabwe national government create an enabling environment that promotes adequate technology transfer to farmers. Also, an investment in agro-industries that deal with the value chain components of rabbitory could be embarked upon by the government in order to improve on value-addition by farmers which would in-turn lead to more favourable prices Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 analysis Commercialization farmer rabbitry Smallholder Socio-Economic https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/94ea9e859b358b3b29016851d62b583f.pdf 71e7ff13cd4c17078ecf3ae2a4cce270 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SOCIAL SERVICES IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE FAST TRACK LAND REFORM PROGRAMME (FTLRP): THE CASE OF MUPFURUDZI FARM (SHAMVA DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource TOM TOM Description An account of the resource The impacts and outcomes of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) are varied, complex and often misunderstood due to lack of empirical studies. The researcher sought to understand the state of social services and social services needs in the aftermath of the FTLRP at Mupfurudzi farm in Shamva district. A mixed methods approach was applied and the study shows that the land beneficiaries at the farm are experiencing problems in accessing quality education, health care, transport services and potable water. The land beneficiaries are not passively experiencing these problems; they are actively responding to these problems through social organisation and agency. However, the land beneficiaries’ efforts should be complemented by the other development actors. All the stakeholders on community and national development should network and collaborate on social services delivery to the new farming communities and Zimbabwe at large. Appropriate policy interventions should be informed by empirical studies Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 agrarian reform development land reform social services and wellbeing https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/e6ea60623fd9bf99866a2ecc7c95137e.pdf d476281bc3e52bd456601a3c145e0b03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ISSUES AND CONCERNS IN PRO POOR COMMUNITY BASED CATTLE BREEDING PROGRAM IN BULILIMAMANGWE DISTRICT OF ZIMBABWE Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A. NCUBE A.B. DUBEA C.T. KHOMBEA N. ASSAN Description An account of the resource Cattle rearing plays a crucial role in the semi arid communal areas of Zimbabwe, as a result any developmental strategy that is aimed at improving household livelihood in these areas should target cattle production. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of introducing improved indigenous cattle beef breeds in Bulilima District of Matabeleland South in Zimbabwe. The study was carried out in Masendu ward comprising of six villages of Luvuluma, Mambo, Tjeboroma, Makumbi, Thandawani and Muke. A random sample of 13 livestock farmers were selected from participants of the Kellogg Foundation communal areas indigenous cattle (Tuli, Afrikaner and Nguni) improvement program through a donation of improved indigenous beef cattle bulls. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data on household demographics, socioeconomic factors, herd structure, management practices and constraints in cattle breeding program. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 2008) computer software in order to generate descriptive statistics such as means and frequencies or percentages. The study revealed an interesting scenario on household demographics; the majority of the farmers had formal education, with only 7.7% not having attained any formal education. As a result of Kellogg Foundation bull donations some farmers (15.4%) increased their herd size to more than 30 cattle which improved their social status in the areas. Farmers interviewed showed that they were motivated to keep improved breeds with least more than half of the farmers reporting that the bulls to a certain extent increased the number of cows serviced within the community herds. Poor animal condition was reported in cattle herds due to the inadequate supply of both water and nutrition, the latter being caused by lack of good grazing. It was noted that government support was necessary in infrastructure development in order to improve community based cattle breeding programs. The need to organise market to encourage smallholder farmers to sell their animals was also cited. There was a belief that better prices were achievable at local markets if the communal herd was genetically improved for important economic traits. Therefore, the key conclusion was that communal farmers had a positive perception on improving the communal cattle herds. This warranted a multi- sectoral approach to address different challenges that militate against high cattle productivity in communal areas Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Animal Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Cattle breeding Community based Small scale Zimbabwe https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/b760c978e0ca832af05056208e2e30c8.pdf abe21d2266481392f40440c5f7765477 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SEX, AGE OF ANIMAL AND WEIGHT AT SLAUGHTER AS EXPLANATORY VARIABLES FOR CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY PROPERTIES IN GOATS AND SHEEP PRODUCTION Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource Slaughtering kids/lambs at specified age and weight of specialized goat and sheep meat breeds might promote high muscle deposition and a desirable carcass fat cover, culminating into meat with a more adequate nutritional profile and health properties for human consumption. In this case, animal factors such as sex, age and weight at slaughter play a central role as the primary explanatory variables on meat yield and quality of carcass parameters in goat and sheep production. The discussion on determinants of carcass and meat quality properties is complex given that the diversity of goat and sheep meat breeds, both early and late maturing is considerable, over and above exploited as is the practice in non-identical production systems. Of interest goats and sheep in most cases are accordingly slaughtered at different weights and age, and on the other hand, specific markets have preferred sex of animal for slaughter. However, taking cognisance of the above, carcass and meat parameters are influenced by various non-genetic effects, hence the knowledge on these factors and their interactions becomes of paramount importance in order to produce desirable meat quality for specified markets and consumers’ preference. A linear relationship between carcass yield with age at slaughter has been reported in goats and sheep, there is a tendency of carcass weight increasing as the age of the animal increases. Sex dependency on carcass and meat parameters has been inconsistent in goats and sheep, however, most studies show that sex greatly influence carcass and meat quality properties. Compromised dressing percentage in goats and sheep due to higher slaughter weight, could be explained by the lightest animals lacking perfectly developed digestive tracts. Against this background, age at slaughter explicitly influences meat quality, particularly with regards to tenderness of meat derived from young animals. The differential carcass status in young and mature animals is due to increased fat deposition in older animals than in younger ones, while fat tissue increases with increased slaughter weights. Complexity of determination of desirable carcass and meat parameters is ascribable to interaction of many variables, hence it is imperative to appreciate the role of each component by appropriately factoring their influence in any slaughter decision, where animals could be slaughtered at given age and weight to meet specified objectives of a particular market requirements. Producers operating in different production systems might not duplicate factors such as age, weight and sex of slaughter because they utilise different genotypes, and the prescribed nutritional regime in non- identical production systems will weigh heavily on the outcome of carcass and meat parameters. The interaction of all these factors (genotype and non-genetic factors) at different levels as influenced by the market expectations will decide the economics of goat and sheep meat production. This present review will give an insight on some non-genetic effects that influence carcass and meat quality properties namely sex, age and weight at slaughter Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Review Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Age Carcass Goat Meat Sex Sheep Weight https://ir.zou.ac.zw/files/original/a8f04cdb6e1f27c3aff150836961d457.pdf 27c3037a805afba76c719ee8361d8add Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Staff Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SEX/AGE OF KID/LAMB AND DAM AGE/PARITY AND MANAGING DAM NUTRITION AS DETERMINANTS OF MORTALITY IN SMALL RUMINANTS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NEVER ASSAN Description An account of the resource Mortality is one of the prime after effect on viability of commercial goat and sheep meat production efficiency, through its consequential compromised ewe/doe performance and economic losses in production. Several factors are potential determinants of kid/lamb mortality such as birth type, sex and age, birth weight, dam’s milk yield, parity order, dam age, dam weight and condition etc. However, the present review will focus on sex/age of kid/lamb, dam age and parity, and dam nutrition/season as determinants of kid/lamb mortality. Although results on the influence of sex on mortality has been inconsistent, several studies have reported a trend where mortality rates have been sex biased in goat and sheep. Male kids/lambs have lower survival rates and higher mortality hazard ratios as compared to female kids/lambs. Mortality is highest during the initial phase of kid/lamb life and have a propensity to decline as age progresses. Kids/lambs delivered to low parity order dams have low chances of survival due to poor maternal instinct. The advancement of maternal behavior gets better with parity order, as parity order progresses maternal instinct is consolidated. On the other hand, improvement in dam nutrition will enhance dam milking capacity which has been associated with high survivability of kids/lambs. This entails understanding of nutritional management of dams becomes an essential tool to curtail mortality in goats and sheep. Kidding/lambing season should coincide with seasonal availability of high quality forage to feed nursing dams hence high survivability of kids/lambs. The present discussion will give an insight on the influence of sex/age, dam parity and dam nutrition/season as determinants of mortality in goat and sheep meat production Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Scientific Journal of Crop Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020