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                <text>DETERMINANTS OF AFFECTIVE ORGANISATIONAL&#13;
COMMITMENT AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE&#13;
PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOLTEACHERS&#13;
IN ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>RITTAH KASOWE</text>
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                <text>Performance of secondary school students has been declining since 1984 to date.&#13;
Although much has been done to improve conditions of teachers the Ordinary level&#13;
ZIMSEC examinations appear to be declining. Factors contributing to the&#13;
teachers‟effectiveness have not been well researched. Whereas teachers could be&#13;
motivated by employers, what contributes to their affective commitment to the&#13;
organisations in which they work is not known. The primary aim of the study was to&#13;
make a critical analysis of variables contributing to affective organisational&#13;
commitment of teachers. Stufflebeam‟s (1971) Context Input Process and Product&#13;
Model informed the study. A mixed methods methodology approach was used. The&#13;
study used statistical tests such as multiple regression alysis and step wise regression&#13;
analysis on quantitative survey data. The quantitative data were gathered using two&#13;
seven point Likert scales from 230 teachers, proportionately, stratified and systematic&#13;
randomly sampled from 2340 teachers. SPSS was used to analyse the relationship&#13;
between school performance and teachers‟ organisational commitment. Linear multiple&#13;
step wise regression analyses were performed in order to find out the significance of the&#13;
variables. The qualitative data were collected from purposively sampled 12 teachers, 2&#13;
heads of departments, 2 deputy heads, 4 school heads, 5 education inspectors and 1&#13;
Deputy Provincial Education Director. Semi-structured interviews and focus group&#13;
discussion were used in order to to generate data which were analysed using NVivo.&#13;
The study established factors such as biographical, organisational the community&#13;
policies and teacher efficacy as strong determinants of affective organisational&#13;
commitment. One of the significant outcomes of the study was an informed&#13;
conceptualised BLOTPAS affective organisational commitment model that illustrates&#13;
the relationship between the factors and teachers, as well as students and schools‟&#13;
performance. The study recommended to revamp education system operations</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Open University</text>
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                <text>2017</text>
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                <text>TUTOR EFFECTIVENESS: CONCEPTIONS OF STUDENT TEACHERS AT&#13;
ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY IN MASVINGO&#13;
NGARA ROSEMARY&#13;
ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY, ZIMBABWE&#13;
NGWARAI RICHARD&#13;
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                <text>Tutoring is an age - old practice .There are some requisites for tutors to be effective. Content&#13;
knowledge is an essential ingredient for effective tutoring and many other personal attributes. If&#13;
a tutor is received as genuine and having a genuine desire to listen, students will be willing to&#13;
open up and discuss their problems. Good mastery of subject matter by the tutor contributes to&#13;
tutor effectiveness as students turn up for tutorials if they feel they benefit from tutors`&#13;
contributions. Much of the quality of tutoring depends on the attitude of the instructor and their&#13;
capabilities in using technology. Research suggests that the effectiveness of distance learning is&#13;
based on preparation, excellent communication skills and the instructors’ understanding. A&#13;
survey was conducted at Zimbabwe Open University in Masvingo region to establish tutees’&#13;
perceptions of the effectiveness of the tutors’ teaching courses in the Bachelor of Education in&#13;
Early Childhood Development Programme (BECDECD) using questionnaires. Respondents&#13;
were of the opinion that most tutors had impressive subject mastery and were usually thoroughly&#13;
prepared for tutorials and methodology used was viewed by most participants as suitable.&#13;
However, there were sentiments that tutors hardly communicated with students outside tutorial&#13;
sessions. Tutors’ marking was viewed as communicative, but feedback was not timely and tutors&#13;
did not use any modern teaching media. Some of the personal attributes such as openness,&#13;
humility and accessibility were viewed as wanting on the part of some tutors. The study&#13;
recommended that more tutor workshops be run to emphasize and reemphasize essential&#13;
ingredients of effective tutoring and that the tutors make use of technology available at the&#13;
regional campus, among other things</text>
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                <text>THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL IN TRANSITIONING YOUNG PEOPLE INTO VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN GWANDA DISTRICT</text>
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                <text>ITAYI SAMANYANGA&#13;
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                <text>VICTOR MADZINGA&#13;
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                <text>This paper sought to assess the role of the school in transitioning young people into vocational&#13;
training in selected secondary schools in Gwanda district. Many young people are completing secondary school&#13;
education without skills needed to live independently or contribute meaningfully to society‟s daily demands.&#13;
With the ever increasing job demands on technical skills young people need to be prepared for specialised&#13;
technical jobs. The research sought to assess the role of the school system in preparing youths who can&#13;
effectively compete in the labour market. The major challenge youths face is unemployment due to their&#13;
unemployability. It is therefore imperative, to prepare them for vocational training and ultimately for lifelong&#13;
employment. The teaching of technical and vocational subjects prepares youths for the labour market as well as&#13;
increasing their chances of becoming professionals. Through the learning of technical and vocational subjects,&#13;
youths are empowered to make choices for their future careers and realise the benefits of possessing knowledge&#13;
of technical and vocational skills. The study evaluated the role played by the education system in preparing&#13;
youths for working life. A descriptive survey was used to obtain respondents‟ views. The study used&#13;
questionnaire, structured interview schedule and observation guide in the data collection process to promote&#13;
triangulation. The study recommends the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education to come up with a clear&#13;
policy guiding the implementation of technical and vocational curricula in secondary schools. The study&#13;
findings reveal that secondary schools had no suitably qualified technical and vocational teachers, thus&#13;
inadequate time was allocated to technical and vocational subjects. To keep pace with global trends, the&#13;
Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should also seriously consider the use of computers/IT in the&#13;
instruction of technical and vocational subjects</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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                <text>TUTOR EFFECTIVENESS: CONCEPTIONS OF STUDENT TEACHERS AT ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY IN MASVINGO</text>
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                <text>Tutoring is an age - old practice .There are some requisites for tutors to be effective. Content&#13;
knowledge is an essential ingredient for effective tutoring and many other personal attributes. If&#13;
a tutor is received as genuine and having a genuine desire to listen, students will be willing to&#13;
open up and discuss their problems. Good mastery of subject matter by the tutor contributes to&#13;
tutor effectiveness as students turn up for tutorials if they feel they benefit from tutors`&#13;
contributions. Much of the quality of tutoring depends on the attitude of the instructor and their&#13;
capabilities in using technology. Research suggests that the effectiveness of distance learning is&#13;
based on preparation, excellent communication skills and the instructors’ understanding. A&#13;
survey was conducted at Zimbabwe Open University in Masvingo region to establish tutees’&#13;
perceptions of the effectiveness of the tutors’ teaching courses in the Bachelor of Education in&#13;
Early Childhood Development Programme (BECDECD) using questionnaires. Respondents&#13;
were of the opinion that most tutors had impressive subject mastery and were usually thoroughly&#13;
prepared for tutorials and methodology used was viewed by most participants as suitable.&#13;
However, there were sentiments that tutors hardly communicated with students outside tutorial&#13;
sessions. Tutors’ marking was viewed as communicative, but feedback was not timely and tutors&#13;
did not use any modern teaching media. Some of the personal attributes such as openness,&#13;
humility and accessibility were viewed as wanting on the part of some tutors. The study&#13;
recommended that more tutor workshops be run to emphasize and reemphasize essential&#13;
ingredients of effective tutoring and that the tutors make use of technology available at the&#13;
regional campus, among other things</text>
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                <text>TEACHING PRACTICE SUPERVISION AND ASSESSMENT AS A QUALITY&#13;
ASSURANCE TOOL IN TEACHER TRAINING: PERCEPTIONS OF PROSPECTIVE&#13;
TEACHERS AT MASVINGO TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGES</text>
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                <text>ROSEMARY NGARA </text>
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                <text>eaching practice (T.P.) is a critical stage in the training of prospective teachers as it is a&#13;
process of producing a master teacher. There are many mechanisms that are put in place to&#13;
make T.P. a beneficial experience to trainee teachers and student supervision is a part of one of&#13;
such mechanisms. Supervision and assessment of the trainee teachers is done by the college and&#13;
mentors and members of the administration at the schools where students conduct their teaching&#13;
practice. There are, however, some problems associated with supervision. For instance,&#13;
supervisors give conflicting suggestions and sometimes supervision is ill-timed or delayed. A&#13;
survey was conducted in Masvingo urban schools to determine views of prospective teachers and&#13;
student teacher supervisors on the effectiveness of T.P supervision as a tool in quality assurance.&#13;
By and large, participants regarded supervision and assessment as an indispensable tool in&#13;
assuring quality in teacher training. Nevertheless, some variables were viewed as affecting the&#13;
effectiveness of supervision. Among them were delays in supervision, supervision being far-&#13;
spaced from each other, little or no dialogue and lack of consensus on the part of supervisors in&#13;
dealing with similar issues. Among other things, the study recommended the running of&#13;
workshops on T.P supervision by training colleges for Teaching Practice supervisors at all&#13;
levels</text>
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        <name>prospective teachers</name>
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                <text>ROLE OF MENTORS IN THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF&#13;
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                <text>The study investigated the extent to which teachers enhance the professional development of student teachers.&#13;
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school mentors as far as school based initial training is concerned. The study employed the descriptive survey&#13;
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respondents 10 mentors and 10 student teachers who had just began their second year teaching practice. The&#13;
sample was chosen using purposive sampling. School administrators and senior teachers monitored the&#13;
recording of the diaries. This ensured a 100% data recording. It was found that mentors demonstrated a limited&#13;
understanding of the concept of mentoring and viewed colleges as better placed to help student teachers in&#13;
their professional development. There were no clear guidelines to be followed by mentors hence student&#13;
teachers received limited assistance, support and guidance from mentors. The study recommended further&#13;
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teachers and the implications of school based initial teacher education in Zimbabwean education system</text>
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                <text>PERSONAL ACCOUNTS OF TEACHERS ON FACTORS AFFECTING&#13;
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                <text>CHIOME CHRISPEN&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to determine what the factors affecting quality. The study was&#13;
basically qualitative. Personal accounts of teachers were sought yielding qualitative&#13;
data. The research employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of&#13;
263 teachers from four districts of Masvingo province in Zimbabwe was chosen using&#13;
the convenience sampling technique. The study found out that departmental members&#13;
were clear about the vision towards which they were working at, had a reasonable&#13;
understanding of what excellence entailed and hailed the department for teamwork.&#13;
However, they insisted that the need for staff growth, matching resources, research&#13;
culture, communication, tutorial package, incentives and proper assessment&#13;
management are prerequisites for departmental excellence in open and distance&#13;
learning. The study among others recommended that the idea of excellence be&#13;
pursued, backed by recourses, training, incentives and a research culture.</text>
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                <text>European Social Sciences Research Journal</text>
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                <text>AN ANALYSIS OF ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS RELATED TO AFFECTIVE ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN MASHONALAND CENTRAL PROVINCE OF ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>Performance of secondary school pupils accelerated in a declining manner since 1984 to date.&#13;
Although much has been done to improve conditions of the teacher since the teachers are at the&#13;
helm of students learning, students’ performance has continued to decline. Despite training&#13;
obtained from teachers colleges, what is contributing to their effectiveness has not been well&#13;
researched. Affective organisational commitment of secondary school teachers in Zimbabwe&#13;
still remain an inadequately researched area. Whereas teachers could be motivated by&#13;
employers, the gendered outcomes of their commitment to the organisation especially on their&#13;
affective commitment has not been adequately investigated. The primary purpose of the study&#13;
was to make a critical analysis of variables and factors contributing to affective organisational&#13;
commitment using Stufflebeam (2007)’s Context Input Process and Product decision&#13;
facilitation model of evaluation approach. The approach specified the imbalances in each phase&#13;
of evaluation focusing on, organisational factors, how each factor contributed to affective&#13;
organisational commitment of secondary school teachers. The study used statistical tests of&#13;
multiple regression analysis and step wise regression analysis on quantitative survey data&#13;
obtained from Affective organisational commitment. The quantitative data were gathered using&#13;
two seven point Likert scales ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. A statistical&#13;
program SPSS was used to investigate the relationships among variables in the research model.&#13;
Regardless of the types of dependent or independent variables, linear multiple step wise&#13;
regression analyses were performed in order to find out the significance of the variables. This&#13;
was supplemented by qualitative data gathered and addressing organisational factors. The&#13;
qualitative data were collected using semi structured face to face interviews and focus group&#13;
discussions in order to triangulate the evidence obtained from quantitative data. The qualitative&#13;
data were analysed using NVIVO to come up with themes. Thus this study used a mixed&#13;
methodology approach. The study established that factors such as; occupational status,&#13;
management worker relationship, recognition, variety in the profession, opportunity to use&#13;
ability and subject specialisation, were strong determinants of affective organisational&#13;
commitment related to secondary teachers’ affective organisational commitment and impacting&#13;
negatively on pupils’ and schools’ performance. The study recommended that Educational&#13;
planners must involve teachers in policy decision making at all levels, provide support and staff&#13;
development workshops. Future researchers might wish to expand on studies that indicate a&#13;
connection between factors established and the degree of pupils’ performance.</text>
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                <text>IJRDO-Journal of Educational Research</text>
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        <name>Factors</name>
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        <name>Organisational commitment</name>
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        <name>Organisational commitment; Factors; Affective organisational commitment</name>
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                <text>CONVEYER BELT MARKING: OPINIONS OF ZIMSEC MARKERS&#13;
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                <text>The purpose of the study was to establish markers perceptions of the newly introduced&#13;
system of marking. Participant responses were sought through using open ended&#13;
questionnaires. The study established that the CBM was considered advantageous in that&#13;
marking because it could be made more reliable, efficient and that it encouraged good&#13;
team spirit among makers. Nonetheless, some problems presented by CBM were opined&#13;
by participants. For instance fast markers were held back by the slow ones, mastering of&#13;
the whole marking scheme was not considered important yet in actual fact it was crucial&#13;
that each maker mastered it and the whole exercise was hurried. It was also expressed&#13;
that examiners were now getting lower remuneration compared to TMS. General&#13;
suggestions were made by participants on how CBM could be improved. The researchers&#13;
recommended that ample time be given to examiners for marking and that payment be&#13;
according to the actual number of responses an examiner would have marked.</text>
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                <text>HOPE Journal of Research (House of Pakistani Educationists)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>AN ASSESSMENT OF THE BACHELOR OF EARLY CHILDHOOD&#13;
DEVELOPMENT DEGREE PROGRAMME IN ITS INITIAL STAGES&#13;
AT ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
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                <text>The Bachelor of Early Childhood Education degree (BEDECD) is a teacher development programme which was&#13;
introduced for study at Zimbabwe Open University in September 2010 in response to the need for more ECD-trained&#13;
teachers. BEDECD is four year programme. It had run for three semesters at the time the study was conducted. The&#13;
study was conducted at Zimbabwe Open University, in Masvingo region to assess opinions of students and lecturers on&#13;
the implementation of the BEDECD curriculum, in the stated period. Generally, students and lecturers were of the&#13;
opinion that modules designed for the programme had been useful and had recent data and the design of the modules&#13;
was of high quality. Pre-Teaching Practice Microteaching was viewed by most participants as helpful but micro-teaching&#13;
was not accorded adequate time. However, participants were generally, unhappy about the delayed provision of some&#13;
modules in each of the semesters. Students felt that tutorials were in most cases fruitful as tutors were thoroughly&#13;
prepared but students reported that tutors did not employ any media that could have driven home ideas and concepts at&#13;
stake. The study recommended timeous provision of curriculum materials and feedback on assignments, among other&#13;
things</text>
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                <text>Greener Journal of Educational Research</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>MENTOR AND MENTEE CONCEPTIONS ON MENTOR ROLES AND QUALITIES:&#13;
A CASE STUDY OF MASVINGO TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGES&#13;
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                <text>R.NGARA </text>
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                <text>Mentoring has been increasingly recognized as a key strategy in professional training and development&#13;
in education. In teacher training, mentoring may be regarded as a relationship and a process whose aim&#13;
and purpose is to induct student teachers into the community of practice of teaching. It is a process in&#13;
which professional support is given by and within school. The mentor role was that of an elder, trusted&#13;
loyal friend, responsible for the growth and development of the protégé, whose characteristics were&#13;
integrity, wisdom and personal involvement. However the notion of mentoring is not clear as it seems,&#13;
considering how it is performed and there are challenges affecting mentoring. In Zimbabwe, in teacher&#13;
education, mentoring is one of the Teaching Practice training strategies which is largely employed by&#13;
schools in conjunction with teacher training colleges. A survey was conducted in Masvingo urban to&#13;
determine mentor and mentee conceptions on mentor roles and mentor qualities in mentoring student&#13;
teachers from two teachers’ training colleges in Masvingo .The study established that there were some&#13;
differences in the way roles and qualities of mentors were conceived by student teachers and the mentors&#13;
but the key roles of an effective mentor were conceived as a guide and a helper in purely teaching&#13;
matters. Opinions were divided on the assessor role of mentors but being highly knowledgeable about&#13;
teaching children in the primary school, warm and being trustworthy were most commonly identified&#13;
traits of effective mentors. The study recommended that workshops be run conjointly by training colleges&#13;
and appointed school mentors so that mentors and colleges speak the same voice on mentor roles and&#13;
qualities</text>
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                <text>International J. Soc. Sci. &amp; Education</text>
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                <text>2012</text>
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        <name>mentee</name>
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                  <text>Staff  Publications</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>PEDAGOGIC POSSIBILITIES OF ICTS AND TECHNOLOGY AFFORDANCES IN AN INCREASINGLY NETWORKED ENVIRONMENT IN SUPPORT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT</text>
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                <text>GABRIEL KABANDA</text>
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                <text>The research project seeks new opportunities/ directions of learning and teaching in an increasingly&#13;
networked world, and how they can benefit people in developing countries in support of sustainable&#13;
development. The research agenda is aimed at studying how interconnected information and&#13;
communication technologies (ICTs) can expand the reach of educational opportunities and improve&#13;
learning outcomes as technology affordances. The main research question is - What are the pedagogic&#13;
possibilities of ICTs and technology affordances in an increasingly networked environment that can&#13;
impact/ benefit participative collaborative inclusive communities of learning in support of sustainable&#13;
development?</text>
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                <text>Journal of African Studies and&#13;
Development</text>
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                <text>2015</text>
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        <name>sustainable development</name>
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        <name>Technology affordances</name>
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