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                <text>SCHOOL LEADERSHIP AND ITS DEXTERITY TO PROVIDE ACCESS TO QUALITY INSTRUCTION: A CASE OF A PRIVATE ACADEMY IN MASVINGO, ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>PAUL MUPA</text>
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                <text>The study explored school leadership practices in high-performing schools with reference to a private academy in Masvingo district. Literature suggests that leadership has a strong influence on&#13;
the performance of any school organization. The nature of leadership is not always known but leaders need the tools to make things happen. The rationale for this study was to explore the hallmarks of leadership in high-performing contexts. The study applied interpretivist philosophy&#13;
and qualitative methodology. The case study research design was employed as it could draw experiences from a high-performing school. Data was generated using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and open-ended questionnaires. The data was presented through themes that emerged from the data analysis process. Informed by the findings, the themes were discussed following the research questions. Major findings were that school leadership in high-performing schools must have vision and direction, it must capacitate teachers with pedagogical and&#13;
instructional skills, as well as improving the quality of teaching through supervision. Instilling student discipline is important to allow smooth instruction in the classrooms. School leadership&#13;
must influence responsible authority to provide adequate financial, material, and human resources to reduce large class sizes to increase teacher commitment. The study recommends that staff development programmes that capacitate teachers be put in place so that teachers are equipped with deep approaches to teaching.</text>
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                <text>African Perspectives of Research in Teaching &amp; Learning (APORTAL) </text>
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                <text>2023</text>
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                <text>EXPLORING CHALLENGES FACED BY PHD SUPERVISORS AND CANDIDATES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES IN THE AFRICAN CONTEXT&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Postgraduate supervisors and their candidates experience a myriad of challenges during their&#13;
journeys to reaching to PhD. This study explores challenges encountered by doctoral&#13;
supervisors and candidates in Social Sciences in the African context. The study employed&#13;
qualitative methodology informed by the interpretivist philosophy and convenience sampling&#13;
was employed to generate data. Focus group discussions were used to generate data from&#13;
twenty-five PhD supervisors who had gathered at a workshop in one of the African countries.&#13;
For data presentation and analysis, emergent themes that were generated hinged on supervisor&#13;
challenges, student challenges, methodological challenges, infrastructural challenges, and policy challenges. The study recommends intensive training of PhD supervisors. The study also recommends the need for universities to run workshops with doctoral supervisors to provide them with the fundamentals of doctoral thesis coaching and mentoring. Candidates need workshops from the onset of the PhD journey. Universities need to up skill their PhD supervisors so that they guide their candidates to produce quality work.</text>
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                <text>SAJELM</text>
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                <text>HOW DO SCHOOL LEADERS MANAGE THEIR TIME? NARRATIVES FROM SCHOOL PRACTITIONERS IN MASVINGO, ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Time management is a critical factor in school leadership and management. Without school leaders who&#13;
manage time effectively schools are likely to decay. Good people do not need laws to tell them to act&#13;
responsibly or to manage their time effectively. This study investigates how school leaders manage time&#13;
for effective teaching and learning in schools. The qualitative research approach as it is informed by the&#13;
interpretivist paradigm was employed in this study. Purposive sampling was done to select school heads,&#13;
deputy heads, teachers, college lecturer and parents in the School Development Committee from both&#13;
primary and secondary schools in Masvingo Province. I employed semi-structured interviews for data&#13;
generation. Results show that some heads fail to manage their time in schools by not scheduling activities,&#13;
lack of goal setting, attending to unplanned activities, failing to prioritise tasks, lack of delegating work&#13;
to subordinates, failing to manage unnecessary interruptions and do not schedule time to attend to&#13;
subordinates. The study recommends the need for courses and workshops that introduce school leaders to&#13;
time management skills, conduct seminars to in-service school heads and thus equip them with skills,&#13;
knowledge and proper attitude on effective time management practices and prioritising tasks</text>
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                <text>LEADERSHIP FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING: THE EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF EDUCATIONAL CONNOISSEURSHIP IN THE EYES OF MASVINGO DISTRICT SCHOOL LEADERSHIP&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Craft competence by school leadership in the application of supervision theories is the engine that propels&#13;
quality implementation of syllabuses by teachers in schools. The study sought to investigate the effective&#13;
application of connoisseurship supervision theory by school leaders in Masvingo district, Zimbabwe. This&#13;
was a qualitative study which aimed at interpolating into the effective use of connoisseurship supervision&#13;
in Zimbabwean schools. The case study design was employed with semi-structured interviews and focus&#13;
group discussions used as the main data generation tools. The school leaders who had a workshop were&#13;
conveniently sampled then purposive sampling was employed to get information rich cases of school&#13;
leaders who were holders of a Master of Education degree in Educational Management to participate in&#13;
the study. The major findings of the study were that connoisseurship helps to describe and evaluate on-&#13;
going processes and events in the classroom, it helps school leaders to see the breadth and depth of&#13;
qualities of work, helps in the examination of a plan and helps in increasing understanding of the&#13;
classroom activities. Connoisseurship also helps in the analysis of pedagogical methods and their&#13;
relevance over and above helping the school leader to recognise the missing elements in the teaching and&#13;
learning process. The study concluded that school leaders have theoretical knowledge of connoisseurship&#13;
supervision but they do not put that into practice. The study therefore recommended a series of workshops&#13;
and training sessions on the practical application of connoisseurship supervision in schools to improve&#13;
the quality of instruction.</text>
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                <text>CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL MISMANAGEMENT IN MUDZI DISTRICT’S PRIMARY SCHOOLS</text>
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                <text>EVERSHINE NDONGWE</text>
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                <text>This study, ―Causes and Effects of Financial Mismanagement in Mudzi District‘s Primary&#13;
Schools.‖ is a doctoral thesis conducted in Mudzi District, Mashonaland East Province&#13;
between 2018 and 2022. The study's goal was to look at the issues that primary school heads&#13;
encounter in Zimbabwe's Mudzi rural area. To collect data, the exploratory sequential mixed&#13;
method study design was used. A random sample of 65 primary school heads provided&#13;
quantitative data, while a purposive sample provided qualitative data. The data were&#13;
augmented and triangulated with interview data conducted with 20 of the school heads and&#13;
document analysis carried out at 20 of the schools. Research data were analysed using SPSS&#13;
IBM software for quantitative data and NVIVO and thematic analysis for qualitative data.&#13;
The study's principal conclusions were that financial mismanagement in Zimbabwean&#13;
primary schools was caused by the absence of most of the papers that comprised the legal&#13;
framework directing school financial management. As a result, most school heads lacked the&#13;
legal and accounting knowledge to correctly interpret and implement some of the financial&#13;
management and accounting principles Most Primary school heads doubled as school bursars&#13;
or book keepers because their schools could not afford to hire a qualified bursar or&#13;
bookkeeper. As a result, school heads were overwhelmed with work and this negatively&#13;
impacted on their effectiveness as school financial managers. Most school leaders' capacity to&#13;
successfully manage school money was hampered by a lack of accounting knowledge and&#13;
abilities. Lack of regular supervision and auditing by the Ministry of Education resulted in&#13;
some school heads making unchecked errors, oversights and short cuts in adhering to&#13;
financial management processes and procedures. The following conclusion were drawn from&#13;
the findings. The majority of incidents of financial mismanagement in Zimbabwean primary&#13;
schools were caused by the absence of important papers that comprised the legal framework&#13;
governing school financial management. As a result, some school heads worked outside of&#13;
the policies that guided them. The majority of reported financial mismanagement incidents in&#13;
Zimbabwean schools are the result of school leaders' lack of financial management&#13;
knowledge and abilities. Heads of schools without bursars or bookkeepers are overburdened&#13;
and prone to financial management blunders. The Ministry of Education's lack of monitoring&#13;
and financial audits creates a climate in which acts of financial mismanagement take a long&#13;
time to uncover and address. The following recommendations are made; All the legal and&#13;
financial documents comprising the legal framework guiding financial management in&#13;
Zimbabwean schools should be compiled into a handbook that should be kept at every&#13;
school. School heads should be trained and capacitated in the processes and procedures of&#13;
school financial management. All schools should have a bursar or bookkeeper qualified and&#13;
experienced to keep books of accounts at the school. Use of financial computer packages&#13;
should be incorporated in public primary schools. The Ministry of Primary and Secondary&#13;
Education should make regular checks and audits to ensure the correct application of&#13;
financial management policies, processes and procedures.</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Open University</text>
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                <text>2024</text>
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that the challenges which learners with visual impairment faced were deeply rooted in the definitions of disability,&#13;
that focused either on the medical or social perspectives as defined in extant literature. The study recommended&#13;
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                <text>THE EFFECTS OF CLASS SIZE ON THE DELIVERY OF QUALITY MATHEMATICS&#13;
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                <text>The Education For All (EFA) agenda at independence in Zimbabwe led to a massive expansion of education in order&#13;
to avail educational opportunities to marginalized black children. This has not been coupled with the adequate&#13;
provision of teaching and learning resources, consequently this has led to overcrowded classrooms. The purpose of&#13;
this study is to examine the effects of overcrowded classrooms on mathematics learning and how these challenges&#13;
can be overcome. Interviews observation, and analysis of learner exercise books and examination results were used&#13;
in the qualitative approach. The study revealed that, secondary schools are overcrowded to levels where teachers&#13;
are failing to provide quality in teaching and learning of mathematics. It was also found that this problem is&#13;
exacerbated by lack of resources such as mathematics teachers, textbooks, classrooms and furniture among others.&#13;
For policy and decision-making processes, the study recommends the government gather relevant and reliable data&#13;
about the learning conditions in secondary schools. There is also need for effective collaboration among all the&#13;
relevant stake holders who have the responsibility to provide resources to schools. It is further recommended that&#13;
digital and e-learning technologies should be incorporated as alternative ways to manage large classes</text>
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                <text>THE PERCEPTIONS OF EDUCATION STAKEHOLDERS TOWARDS EXTRA LESSONS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CHEGUTU HIGH DENSITY SUBURBS&#13;
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                <text>RICHARD BUKALIYA</text>
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                <text>This multi-case study was undertaken in three Chegutu urban secondary schools in Mashonaland&#13;
West Province. It investigated stakeholder perceptions towards extra lessons and provided&#13;
suggestions on how extra lessons could be implemented to the satisfaction of stakeholders, who&#13;
included, the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (MOPSE) and parents, teachers and&#13;
learners. The study adopted the interpretivism paradigm and the qualitative research approach. The&#13;
subjective epistemology was adopted because there was no one method of knowing what really&#13;
the role of extra lessons was. The study used interviews, document analysis and focus group&#13;
discussions to generate data. Purposive critical case sampling was used to select twenty-three&#13;
participants who took part in the study. Findings show that extra lessons had both positive and&#13;
negative roles. The extra lessons helped improve the academic performance of learners and helped&#13;
in covering up for inadequate time in the formal school system. They assisted in improving the&#13;
school image through good results and paved the way for the reduction of the teachers` workload.&#13;
Economically, teachers got extra remuneration from the extra lessons but they drained the family`s&#13;
meagre financial resources. However, teachers` professionalism was dented as some teachers&#13;
created demand for extra lessons by teaching less in formal school. One major conclusion drawn&#13;
from the findings is that extra lessons contribute to indiscipline at the school among learners but&#13;
they make learners shift their attention from the social ills of the community. From the findings, it&#13;
was recommended that MOPSE should set standards for service providers and invest in extra&#13;
lessons because they were assisting many in meeting the shortfalls of the mainstream system. To&#13;
mitigate challenges encountered during extra lessons, the ON-OFF model could be adopted as it&#13;
calls for support from all the educational stakeholders. Further studies on the role of extra lessons&#13;
could be undertaken in rural communities.</text>
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                <text>THE RELEVANCE AND ORIENTATION OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN ZIMBABWE: ALIGNING WITH&#13;
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                <text>CASSIAN MAKOTA &#13;
&#13;
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                <text> A. T. MUNZARA&#13;
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                <text>TICHAONA MAPOLISA</text>
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                <text>This paper seeks to understand and explain the relevance and orientation of teacher education (TE) in&#13;
Zimbabwe and is based on the multiple case study carried out by the author. Preliminary study&#13;
identified a gap in form of a misalignment of teacher education with Higher and Tertiary Education&#13;
5.0 policy in so far as entrepreneurship, innovation and industrialisation were lacking in TE curriculum&#13;
and practice. The new government policy of Education 5.0 was perceived to have revealed a&#13;
misalignment between the practiced Education 3.0 and the intended Heritage Based Education 5.0&#13;
Curriculum, because of the absence of entrepreneurship and innovation for industrialisation and&#13;
sustainable development in the former.&#13;
The study sought to add to literature on entrepreneurship and innovation in teacher education and&#13;
also promote the development of entrepreneurial and innovative teacher graduates for&#13;
industrialisation through heritage-based education 5.0 pre and in-service teacher education system in&#13;
the context of sustainable development. This study was guided by the constructivist philosophy and&#13;
the interpretivist paradigm. The study adopted the qualitative research approach and the embedded&#13;
multiple case study method because of the flexibility and diversity in data generation that they allow.&#13;
The study utilised the three case sites (teachers colleges) within the broader teacher education case&#13;
in Zimbabwe and that explains the embeddedness. The purposive, non-random probability sampling&#13;
procedure, featuring judgemental and convenience sampling was employed in the study. Data&#13;
generation process involved key and other informant interviews, focus group discussion, observations&#13;
and qualitative document analysis. Data was presented and analysed using the thematic and N-vivo&#13;
approaches respectively.&#13;
The study found that there was misalignment between the practiced Education 3.0 teacher education&#13;
curriculum and the intended Heritage based, HTE 5.0 informed curriculum and this was causing policy-&#13;
practice dissonance that could be inhibiting the realisation of SDGs, and thus called for curriculum&#13;
alignment and harmonisation through transformation. This study, therefore, suggested and&#13;
recommended the Programmatic Framework for Entrepreneurial Teacher Education for the&#13;
Zimbabwean context. The study contributes to policy alignment discourse by making multiple&#13;
theoretical insights. The study, therefore, complements the extant perspectives on curriculum policy&#13;
alignment and teacher education for industrialisation and sustainable economic growth</text>
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                <text>Global Scientific Journal </text>
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        <name>Entrepreneurship Education</name>
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        <name>Heritage Based Education 5.0</name>
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        <name>innovation</name>
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        <name>sustainable development</name>
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        <name>Teacherpreneur.</name>
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                <text>ALIGNING TEACHER EDUCATION WITH EDUCATION 5.0 POLICY IN ZIMBABWE: CHALLENGES AND&#13;
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                <text>This paper seeks to explore and explain the challenges and opportunities faced by implementers in&#13;
aligning teacher education with Higher and Tertiary Education 5.0 policy in Zimbabwe. While this study&#13;
appreciated the efforts that were being made to align the TE practice with the intended curriculum, it&#13;
was concerned that possible opportunities were probably not being exploited in the face of emerging&#13;
curriculum transformation challenges. There was the much publicised misalignment of teacher&#13;
education with Higher and Tertiary Education 5.0 policy in Zimbabwe. This misalignment scenario&#13;
culminated in initiatives like the University of Zimbabwe Vice Chancellor’s Teacher Education&#13;
Curriculum Transformation Programme, meant to address the gaps. However, there seemed to be&#13;
some emerging challenges that could derail such processes.&#13;
This study sought to add to literature on teacher education curriculum transformation and also&#13;
promote the development of entrepreneurial and innovative teacher graduates for industrialisation&#13;
and sustainable development. This study was guided by the constructivist philosophy and the&#13;
interpretivist paradigm. The study adopted the qualitative research approach and the multiple case&#13;
study method because of the flexibility and diversity in data generation that they allow. The purposive,&#13;
non-random probability sampling procedure, featuring judgemental and convenience sampling was&#13;
employed in the study. Data generation process involved key and other informant interviews, focus&#13;
group discussion, observations and qualitative document analysis. Data was presented and analysed&#13;
using the thematic and N-vivo approaches respectively.&#13;
The study found that there were emerging challenges and unexploited opportunities in aligning the&#13;
intended Heritage based, HTE 5.0 informed curriculum with TE practice in Zimbabwe. This study,&#13;
therefore, suggested and recommended the Programmatic Teacher Education Curriculum&#13;
Implementation Framework (PTECIF) for the Zimbabwean context. The study contributes to&#13;
curriculum transformation and policy-practice alignment discourse by making multiple theoretical&#13;
insights. The study, therefore, complements the extant perspectives on curriculum review and&#13;
transformation in teacher education for industrialisation and sustainable economic growth</text>
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                <text>Global Scientific Journals </text>
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        <name>Curriculum transformation</name>
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        <name>Entrepreneurship</name>
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        <name>Heritage Based Education 5.0</name>
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                <text>EXPLORING THE ZIMBABWEAN TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION JOURNEY: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS&#13;
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The study explored the challenges that militate against the successful&#13;
implementation of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in&#13;
Zimbabwe. The study gave an informed focus on biases and perceptions associated&#13;
with the academic curriculum. In addressing these challenges, it becomes possible&#13;
to create an environment where TVET education is valued and considered a viable&#13;
pathway for individuals, and national economic and social development. Using&#13;
critical discourse analysis, the study examined the perceptions of instructors and&#13;
students about TVET education and identified historical factors that continue to&#13;
contribute to the devaluation of TVET. The study findings revealed that the&#13;
historical undervaluing of TVET subjects in comparison with academic subjects&#13;
was borrowed from the colonial bottleneck education system that favoured&#13;
university education over technical skills and persists today. The study underscored&#13;
the need for a paradigm shift to TVET skills if economic development is to be&#13;
realised in Zimbabwe. This study recommends the need to re-evaluate the status of&#13;
TVET education given its contribution to the job market. This study understands the&#13;
historical roots of biases against TVET and provides insights for the reconstruction&#13;
of an effective TVET system in Zimbabwe that contributes toward ongoing&#13;
discourses on the importance of technical skills for national development. The study&#13;
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                <text>The main objective of the study was to establish the extent to which the development of&#13;
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Schools. The study was triggered by the observed conflict among teachers and students and&#13;
there appeared a need for conflict resolution skills development among primary school&#13;
leadership, teachers and children in the districts under study. Indicators showed that teachers&#13;
and school heads needed training in conflictresolution, there was lack of acomprehensive&#13;
conflict resolution programme in primary schools. Religion and culture appeared to play a&#13;
divisive role in conflict resolution. Therefore, the purpose of this study wasto find out the&#13;
extent to which conflict resolution skills development was being fostered in primary schools.&#13;
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the phenomenon. Documentary analysis, open ended questionnaires, focus group and in-depth&#13;
interviews were used to collect data. The purposive sampling and snowballing techniques&#13;
were used to identify participants who included 30 school heads, 227 teachers, 180 children, 2&#13;
district education officers, 2 conflict resolution experts, 20 student teachers and 3 teachers’&#13;
college lecturers. The study was underpinned in the strategies of conflict resolution skills&#13;
development theories. The theories advocated for the use of strategies such as establishing a&#13;
cooperative context, negotiation, peer mediation, arbitration, use of the curriculum, academic&#13;
controversy, whole school cultural change, cultural exploration, use of a religious framework&#13;
and resorting to multiculturalism and inter-faithism. The objective was to come up with a&#13;
comprehensive conflict resolution programme that would enhance learning, teaching and&#13;
peace Findings revealed that most of the syllabuses contained aspects of conflict resolution&#13;
skills development except for human rights, multiculturalism and gender education.&#13;
Management practices were bureaucratic and dictatorial, the teachers’ colleges had material&#13;
which was quite relevant but it left out information on mediation and academic controversy.&#13;
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showed reduced ability for supporting the development of conflict resolution skills. The study&#13;
concluded that; religion and culture are playing a divisive role, there is little existence of a&#13;
culture ofconflict resolution in classroom manangement and management practices, there are&#13;
various types of conflicts occurring in the primary schools like inter-personal and inter-group,&#13;
assessment leaves a lot to be desired and teacher’s colleges have made concerted efforts to&#13;
address conflict resolution since 2010. In view of the above findings, it is recommended that&#13;
workshops related to the development of conflict resolution skills should be mounted among&#13;
teachers, leadership and pupils, ministry of education provide schools with guidelines on&#13;
conflict resolution, non – examinable subjects to be taught, cluster to pool resourvces together&#13;
and heads and education officers should guide teachers on the implementation of the&#13;
curriculum with emphasis onconflict resolution.</text>
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                <text>TOWARDS ACHIEVING QUALITY EDUCATION&#13;
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AND OPPORTUNITIES: A CASE STUDY OF&#13;
BANKWE CLUSTER IN MBERENGWA&#13;
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                <text>The thesis presented to the Zimbabwe Open University grew out of the concerned efforts and&#13;
contributions of multiple actors who made their contributions some without knowing the&#13;
significance of their participation. I am especially indebted to my Supervisor Dr. Njini,&#13;
former Zimbabwe Open University Regional Director for Matabeleland North and my Co-&#13;
Supervisor Dr. Chaibva from the National University of Science and Technology. I wish to&#13;
Thank them for their support and contributions in the preparation of this documen</text>
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                <text>ENTREPRENEURSHIP CURRICULUM IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES IN&#13;
ZIMBABWEAN UNIVERSITIES&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The thesis evaluated entrepreneurship curriculum implementation in Zimbabwean&#13;
universities. The thesis was prompted by shortfalls in capacitating students to create&#13;
entrepreneurial opportunities. The thesis was informed by the philosophy of pragmatism&#13;
and underpinned by theories of opportunity discovery and creation. Review of related&#13;
literature brought evidence on applicability of opportunity discovery and creation&#13;
theories. The study was a mixed method research that adopted a concurrent mixed&#13;
methods design. The population comprised of students and lecturers in 16 universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe. Two parallel samples were used. The quantitative sample was stratified and&#13;
random, with 94 lecturers and 235 students from all programmes, while the qualitative&#13;
sample was purposive, comprising lecturers and students from entrepreneurship degree&#13;
programmes. Questionnaires collected data for the quantitative inquiry while semi-&#13;
structured interviews and documentary reviews generated data for the qualitative inquiry.&#13;
Descriptive statistics presented and analysed quantitative data while thematic analysis&#13;
was used on qualitative data. Validity and reliability validated quantitative methods,&#13;
while trustworthiness validated qualitative methods. Triangulation synthesised theories&#13;
and methods while bracketing and member checking guided researcher’s values. Results&#13;
established limited incorporation of entrepreneurship curriculum into degree&#13;
programmes. Curriculum strategies were deficient in generating venture creation. The&#13;
study concluded that degree programmes fell short in capacitating students to search and&#13;
create entrepreneurial opportunities. The study proposed a model to incorporate&#13;
entrepreneurship curriculum into degree programmes. The study recommended that&#13;
university senates, deans and chairpersons develop action oriented entrepreneurship&#13;
curriculum. The study recommended research that consider university mandates.</text>
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        <name>curriculum implementation</name>
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        <name>strategies</name>
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        <name>Zimbabwean Universities</name>
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                <text>i&#13;
STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE TEACHER MOTIVATION IN SATELLITE&#13;
SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE RESETTLEMENT AREAS OF MATABELELAND&#13;
NORTH PROVINCE&#13;
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                <text>FUNGAI SITHOLE</text>
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                <text>The main purpose of this study was to determine strategies to improve satellite school teachers’&#13;
performance and their job satisfaction in the resettlement areas of Matabeleland North Province.&#13;
The study was guided be the following three objectives: To determine factors affecting&#13;
motivation among teachers in secondary satellite schools in Matabeleland North Province; To&#13;
establish the effects of teacher motivation on job satisfaction and performance among teachers at&#13;
secondary satellite schools in Matabeleland North resettlement; To identify motivation strategies,&#13;
that can be employed to enhance teachers’ job satisfaction and performance in secondary satellite&#13;
schools in the resettlement areas of Matabeleland North Province. A multiple case study Method&#13;
was used in the study. A sample of 22 participants was selected carefully from the target&#13;
population using a homogenous, purposive sampling method. The 22 participants comprised 15&#13;
teachers (5 per school) who took part in Focus Group Discussions (FGDs).Interviews included 2&#13;
Teachers in Charge (TICs), 3 District Education Officers and 2 teachers’ representatives (one&#13;
from PTUZ and the other one from ZIMTA). Three FDGs of five participants per group and&#13;
seven interviews with the Teachers in Charge of the schools were conducted. The D.E.Os, as&#13;
well as teachers' representatives were among the interviewed participants. When I was analysing&#13;
the data, I read repeatedly the transcripts. Preliminary themes were then identified, and classified&#13;
the quotations according to themes. The quotations were then discussed making an analytic&#13;
comparison to arrive at an interpretation and conclusion. The major findings were: Lack of&#13;
appropriate teachers’ accommodation; lack of staff rooms and classrooms; economic factors;&#13;
lack of teaching and learning resources; unfair treatment by mother schools; Health and safety;&#13;
transport infrastructure; water and sanitation; availability of shops and police stations; calibre of&#13;
pupils, social factor, government policies and work overload. Major conclusions were: the&#13;
government should directly allocate resources to satellite schools without allocating via the&#13;
mother schools; satellite school teachers deserved economic incentives due to the hardships they&#13;
were experiencing. Major recommendations were that: the Ministry of Primary and Secondary&#13;
Education should provide resources direct to these satellite schools rather than allocating&#13;
indirectly through the mother schools; the communities should find means of developing their&#13;
satellite schools and not wait up to the government. The study is summarised by a 7 points&#13;
teachers' motivation model which suggests that teachers' job satisfaction and performance in&#13;
satellite schools could be attained if the following motivational factors are observed:&#13;
accommodation; teaching and learning resources; remuneration; social factors as well as health&#13;
and safety. The main recommendation was that the responsible Ministry should adequately&#13;
motivate satellite school teachers so as to enhance their job satisfaction and performance.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2002">
                <text>ZOU</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2017</text>
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        <name>Resettlement areas</name>
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                <text>ACHIEVING QUALITY THROUGH BENCHMARKING IN ODL INSTITUTIONS OF&#13;
HIGHER LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF ODL INSTITUTIONS IN THE SADC REGION&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>CAXTON SHONHIWA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>There was a lot of interaction about benchmarking in institutions of higher learning, but there&#13;
seemed to be no clarity on whether these institutions shared an understanding of the&#13;
benchmarking concept. There also did not seem to be a clear comprehension of what criteria the&#13;
institutions employed to measure benchmarking as a determinant of quality in higher education.&#13;
This lack of clarity motivated the study, and the motivation was irrevocably strengthened by the&#13;
encouragement some governments and international organisations made to their national&#13;
institutions of higher learning to adopt benchmarking as a quality enhancement mechanism. The&#13;
qualitative paradigm was adopted as it enabled the researcher to carry out an in-depth&#13;
interrogation of benchmarking practices in the study. The case study method facilitated the&#13;
researcher’s interaction with the benchmarking phenomenon within the context of the institution.&#13;
The population of the study was composed of all the ODL institutions in the SADC region, from&#13;
which a sample of three institutions, from three countries, was chosen. An average of five&#13;
participants was purposively selected from each institution because they possessed the required&#13;
data and these came from the ranks of Senior Management, Middle Management and Lower&#13;
Management. The researcher used in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, document&#13;
analysis and observation to generate the requisite data. The generated data were coded, analysed&#13;
and interpreted to arrive at findings and conclusions. The three institutions consciously practised&#13;
benchmarking. However, the institutions practised a different type of benchmarking from the&#13;
approaches contained in the review of related literature. The employees of one institution visited&#13;
other institutions on staff exchange programmes, as assessors and markers and to attend&#13;
academic gatherings at which information, experiences and new insights were shared. The&#13;
institutions belonged to professional associations for collaborative benchmarking purposes and&#13;
shared a common understanding of benchmarking. It was concluded that the three institutions of&#13;
higher learning consciously practised benchmarking but the practice was not formalised and not&#13;
documented, leading to the absence of a feedback loop. As a way forward, the three institutions,&#13;
and others, needed to formalise and institutionalise their benchmarking practices, and create a&#13;
feedback loop</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1992">
                <text>ZOU</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1993">
                <text>2014</text>
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        <name>Benchmarking</name>
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        <name>Open and  Distance</name>
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      <tag tagId="624">
        <name>Quality assurance</name>
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                <text>INVESTIGATING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION DYNAMICS IN EDUCATION: THE CASE FOR MANICALAND PROVINCE - ZIMBABWE</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1980">
                <text> MESHECK GODFREY SANGO</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1981">
                <text>Community participation has been adopted world wide as a means for improving the&#13;
quality of basic education in primary schools. The aim of this study was to investigate&#13;
how community participation dynamics influenced quality of basic education in rural&#13;
primary schools in Zimbabwe.&#13;
To begin with, insights were drawn from a review of literature that focussed on local&#13;
and international perspectives on community participation in providing education.&#13;
Literature revealed that community participation had some influence on quality of&#13;
basic education provided by schools. However, literature had also warned that the&#13;
relationship between community participation and provision of quality basic&#13;
education by primary schools was not an automatic one.&#13;
In carrying out this study, a qualitative paradigm was adopted and subsequently a&#13;
qualitative multiple case study design provided the methodological framework that&#13;
guided the study. The research sites were selected on the basis of relevancy to&#13;
purpose of the study as well as convenience of access to the researcher. Data were&#13;
generated through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Additional data&#13;
were gathered through non participant observation and scrutinising of relevant&#13;
documents in the selected primary schools. A grounded theory approach in which&#13;
themes were identified was used in analysing the research data.&#13;
The study found out that community participation was being influenced by economic&#13;
and financial dynamics, social dynamics, as well as cultural dynamics and&#13;
subsequently had some negative influence on various aspects of the quality of basic&#13;
education provided by the rural primary schools. Thus, the communities had not&#13;
provided adequate support on essential educational inputs, teaching and learning&#13;
processes, and on improving the scope of the primary schools’ curriculum.&#13;
And, based on these findings, recommendations to facilitate positive influence of&#13;
community participation on quality of basic education were made. There was need&#13;
for community level mediation by Ministry of education representatives from district&#13;
level offices to balance up financial participation among community members of&#13;
different income levels. In addition, the study recommended that the primary schools&#13;
could organise community participation orientation programmes for all new parents&#13;
joining them. And, schools could also create time for children to engage in school&#13;
organised study sessions in which they could do their ‘home work’ at school.</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1982">
                <text>ZOU</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1983">
                <text>2014</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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      </elementSet>
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      <tag tagId="903">
        <name>Community dymamics</name>
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      <tag tagId="902">
        <name>Community participation</name>
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      <tag tagId="193">
        <name>Education</name>
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