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                <text> AN INVESTIGATION INTO FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH&#13;
TAX EVASION IN THE ZIMBABWE INFORMAL SECTOR: A&#13;
SURVEY OF MBARE MAGABA INFORMAL TRADERS&#13;
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                <text>&#13;
CUTHBERT MASARIRAMBI</text>
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                <text>African nations are taking the route of small to medium enterprises (MSMEs) and&#13;
the contribution of micro enterprises to national development can no longer be&#13;
ignored or taken for granted. The contribution of SMEs to national budgets has&#13;
been curtailed by the phenomenon of tax evasion, yet little is known about factors&#13;
associated with this phenomenon. This study was an investigation into factors&#13;
associated with tax evasion in the Zimbabwe informal sector and it was a survey of&#13;
Mbare Magaba Informal Traders. The study was carried out from November 2011&#13;
to October 2013 and a systematic sample of 150 informal traders working in&#13;
makeshift shelters at Mbare Magaba was selected. Questionnaires were used to&#13;
collect data and the methodology of the study was quantitative as it employed the&#13;
survey research design</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>Business management</name>
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        <name>small to medium scale enterprises</name>
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                <text>UNLOCKING A SUSTAINABLE GREEN GROWTH FRONTIER OF MANUFACTURING SMALL&#13;
TO MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN CHINHOYI&#13;
URBAN, ZIMBABWE&#13;
EN&#13;
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                <text> COLLEN   KAJONGWE</text>
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                <text>OSCAR IRIMAI  TSVUURA </text>
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                <text>AIDHA  KAMUPINI </text>
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                <text> ALL MUTUMWA</text>
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                <text>Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) contribute significantly to economic growth and&#13;
sustainable development globally. However, their contribution to sustainable green growth in&#13;
the fourth industrial revolution has been largely not addressed by literature in Zimbabwe, which&#13;
this qualitative study sought to unveil. The mantra of green growth strategies is ensuring a&#13;
practical and flexible approach for achieving concrete, measurable progress across its&#13;
economic and environmental pillars. Green growth strategies are not limited to the provision&#13;
of critical support services, clean water, air and food production but to deliver full economic&#13;
potential on a sustainable basis. This lacuna has not been addressed by literature on SMEs in&#13;
Chinhoyi which this study sought to fill. The study purposively selected 15 registered&#13;
manufacturing SMEs where an interview guide was used to solicit data from SMEs owners,&#13;
which then was analysed and presented thematically. Study results showed that the availability&#13;
of certain types of natural capital (sun, water, wind, among others) offer new opportunities for&#13;
greening growth for SMEs in the manufacturing sector. The results confirm that technological&#13;
change has been the main driver of green growth and efficiency for manufacturing SMEs. The&#13;
results also pointed out that vital parts of the SMEs’ green growth journey is developing&#13;
business plans for new, sustainable products and services, implementing greener production or&#13;
operational processes, or integrating selected standards that can enable some companies to get&#13;
access to new markets. Based on the results, SMEs require capital to realise their green growth&#13;
business plans. SMEs are encouraged to redefine their mission, vision and values and&#13;
incorporate green concepts to enhance sustainability. A longitudinal study needs to be done on&#13;
all types of SMEs going green in their business strategic orientation in Zimbabwe.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2025</text>
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        <name>4th Industrial Revolution</name>
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        <name>Small to Medium Enterprises</name>
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        <name>Sustainability</name>
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                <text>SUPPORT STRUCTURES FOR SMALL TO MEDIUM&#13;
ENTERPRISES AND THEIR POTENCY&#13;
IN EMPLOYMENT CREATION IN&#13;
GREATER MAPUTO&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>ALEN GEOFFREY SAWAYA</text>
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                <text>Small and Medium Enterprises are globally credited for creating employment especially for&#13;
the youth, and to an extent, contributing to the gross domestic product of nations.&#13;
Unemployment is a scourge in Mozambique and small and medium enterprises are seen as a&#13;
solution to this universal economic problem. The study sought to answer a fundamental&#13;
research question; first, whether or not the support structures from financial institutions,&#13;
government agencies, large firms and non-governmental organizations are sufficient for&#13;
sustainable development and growth of small and medium enterprises, and second, whether&#13;
small and medium enterprises that have received support, contribute to reducing&#13;
unemployment in Greater Maputo. The study adopted the quantitative approach employing&#13;
questionnaires as tools for data collection. The sample was chosen from the population of&#13;
small and medium enterprises in Maputo using stratified random sampling method. A total&#13;
of 550 respondents were selected from the seven administrative districts of Greater Maputo&#13;
and the interviews were conducted using the face to face method employing structured,&#13;
close ended questionnaires. The study found that support afforded to small and medium&#13;
enterprises was too little for the sustainable development of this important sector of the&#13;
economy. The major Achilles‘ heel among small and medium enterprises development was&#13;
not the lack of entrepreneurial drive, rather subdued competitiveness. The study&#13;
recommended that proactive steps be implemented to support small and medium enterprises&#13;
in Greater Maputo, especially manufacturing enterprises. Financial institutions, government&#13;
agencies, large firms and non-governmental organizations should take positive action to&#13;
supports especially start-up firms as they are the source of employment creation</text>
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                <text>ZOU</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>A PROPOSED ECONOMIC MODEL ON THE NEXUS BETWEEN SOCIAL CAPITAL AND&#13;
WOMEN ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>AMOS TENDAI MUNZARA</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2422">
                <text> TAVONGA NJAYA</text>
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                <text>LIGHTON DUBE&#13;
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                <text> ZVINAIYE CHIMBADZWA</text>
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                <text> REGIS MISHEAL MUSHOWE</text>
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                <text>TARIRO GRACE MBARA-MSWAZI</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2024</text>
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        <name>Economic model</name>
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        <name>social capital</name>
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        <name>Women economic empowerment</name>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>ATTAINING ORGANISATIONAL SUCCESS IN ZIMBABWE’S STATE UNIVERSITIES: PERCEPTIONS OF THE OPERATIONAL STAFF&#13;
&#13;
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>CAXTON SHONHIWA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The researcher sought to establish the perceptions of operational staff on their understanding&#13;
of organisational success. The perception of organisational success is usually a reflection of&#13;
where the owner of the perception stands in the organisation. A constructivist philosophy was&#13;
adopted to engage a group of purposefully selected operational staff members in in-depth&#13;
interviews through a face-to-face mode and then by WhatsApp. The purposefully selected&#13;
members of the operational staff were asked three questions, and they discussed these questions&#13;
over a period of two months. At the end of the period, transcripts of the discussions were given&#13;
to relevant members for their authenticity check and validation. Further to that process, the&#13;
responses were coded, and themes were formulated from which the perceptions of operational&#13;
staff were derived. The staff perceived that their hard work, the awards they received from the&#13;
organisation and the achievement of the assigned targets meant that the organisation was&#13;
succeeding. The recommendation was that operational staff members need to be involved in&#13;
strategic planning sessions where organisational goals are derived and cascaded from the&#13;
corporate level down to the operational level to make them understand the importance of hard&#13;
work at each level and by every worke</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Journal of Business, Economics and Management</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2023</text>
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        <name>and organisational performance</name>
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                <text>HOW TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE UNIVERSITIES: AN INTEGRATION OF&#13;
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CAXTON SHONHIWA&#13;
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                <text>The paper interrogates the performance of Zimbabwean State Universities and proposes the&#13;
integration of strategic management and performance management. The contention was that&#13;
the strategic management process could not lead to high institutional performance because it&#13;
was divorced from the sphere of managing institutional performance, and the removal of the&#13;
operational staff from the strategic planning process. A constructivist paradigm was adopted&#13;
as it was viewed to be the best suited to allow the researcher to become one with participants&#13;
and ‘get’ into their psych to extract their lived experiences. A group of well-informed persons&#13;
from the target institutions was purposively identified and interviewed over some time. The&#13;
acquired data were transcribed and then analysed for meaning. The findings were that the&#13;
strategic planning process should be integrated with the performance management process. The&#13;
operational staff must be involved and participate in both processes for purposes of process&#13;
ownership and buy-in. their participation resulted in corporate objectives being cascaded down&#13;
to the operational level without their loss of meaning. The conclusion was that the performance&#13;
management process should be integrated with the strategic planning process if state&#13;
institutions were to achieve their vision</text>
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                <text>EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN PROMOTING&#13;
EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: LESSONS FOR ZIMBABWEAN SMES – A NARRATIVE&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>The study aimed to determine whether Performance Management Systems (PMS) are effective in improving employees' performance or not. The paper also addresses policies and procedures used when implementing PMS and whether recommendations should be made to improve what isn't working well and maintain what is in to provide the best system execution in Zimbabwe's Small to Medium Enterprise (SME) sector. The objectives of the study were to determine how well PMS works to enhance the performance of the employees and to determine the protocols and guidelines utilised in the implementation of PMS. Theoretical literature review looked at the Theory of Expectancy, the Goal setting theory, the Theories of staff productivity and performance management systems, the effect of performance reviews on workers' output and how employee productivity is affected by performance training and development. Reviews of the theoretical and empirical literature were conducted to answer research questions. The study employed systematic review of literature. It was discovered that the Small to Medium Enterprises sector is using PMS and that the yearly performance reports were being prepared on time. The themes that were found from the study were improved and increased teamwork and communication, increased fairness, transparency and better hiring decisions, provision of detailed, qualitative feedback and increased motivation and protection of employees from potential bias. It can be inferred that the SME sector should continue to employ the assessment system. The study recommended that additional research be conducted to empirically assess the effect of performance management system on employee performance in specific context.</text>
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ZIMBABWE JOURNAL OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT&#13;
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                <text>KEY LEADERSHIP FACTORS CRITICAL TO SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS&#13;
VIABILITY IN VOLATILE OPERATING ENVIRONMENTS: &#13;
A CASE STUDY OF ECONET WIRELESS ZIMBABWE LIMITED (1998-2017)&#13;
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                <text>This study was conducted to appreciate, fully, what leadership factors drive business&#13;
viability in volatile, unpredictable, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) environments with the&#13;
broader focus being on establishing the key leadership themes and factors influencing business&#13;
viability in an identified VUCA environment, namely Zimbabwe from 1998-2017. The study&#13;
made use of interpretive phenomenology as its paradigm, and was premised on qualitative,&#13;
single explorative and interpretive case study design and methodology. Data were generated&#13;
by the researcher through interviews, focus group discussions, with participants having been&#13;
purposively sampled. The analysis of the data made use of the modified Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen&#13;
method as described by Moustakas (1994), which resulted in the emergence of seven central&#13;
themes considered as essential ingredients for fostering resilience and viability for businesses&#13;
operating in VUCA environments. Based on the findings and discussions thereof, the&#13;
researcher then amended the “Attributional resilience model” by Gibson and Tarrant (2010)&#13;
and proposed what he has termed the Leadership-Driven Resilience Model (LDRM), which&#13;
theoretically proffers possibilities for business leaders to develop coping strategies in response&#13;
to difficult business operating environments. Recommendations for future research enquiry,&#13;
include the need to look at multiple case studies and be able to undertake comparisons on&#13;
viability dynamics across different organisations in VUCA environments. Further&#13;
recommendations are also directed towards governments to more effectively respond through&#13;
policy so as to ease off pressures as well as threats that VUCA environments thrust upon&#13;
businesses and for businesses operating in VUCA environments to consider viability factors&#13;
established in the study and then incorporate them into their strategy and operational planning&#13;
so as to guarantee survival as they navigate the difficult operating environments.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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                <text>A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MAIZE WAREHOUSING STRATEGIES ADOPTED IN ZIMBABWE, USA, BANGLADESH, ETHIOPIA, AND NIGERIA TO REDUCE MAIZE POST- HARVEST STORAGE LOSSES</text>
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                <text>DR EDDINE EDSON MUDYAZHEZHA</text>
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                <text>The focus of this paper was to examine the warehousing strategies adopted in Zimbabwe to&#13;
reduce maize post-harvest storage losses and compare them to those adopted by the United&#13;
States of America (USA), Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. The aim was to draw valuable&#13;
lessons for Zimbabwe to reduce maize post-harvest storage losses and ensure food security.&#13;
Despite many schemes which have resulted in significant increase in maize productivity, the&#13;
problem of food shortages especially for maize has persisted continually in Zimbabwe. Primary&#13;
data was collected from 36 Grain Marketing Board of Zimbabwe (GMB) managers,&#13;
Supervisors, and employees in all its ‘Class 1’ depots, Zimbabwe, the Ministry of Lands,&#13;
Agriculture, Fisheries, Water, and Rural Development (MLAFWRD) and agricultural experts&#13;
through in-depth interviews. Quota, purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to&#13;
select the study participants. The study revealed that there was a huge difference in the maize&#13;
warehousing strategies used in the USA, Bangladesh, Nigeria and Ethiopia and the strategies&#13;
used in Zimbabwe in terms the responsibility for grain storage, grain storage methods, in-&#13;
storage grain monitoring, grain post-harvest services, post-harvest grain storage training. The&#13;
study concluded that Zimbabwe really needs to invest in maize warehousing in order to reduce&#13;
post-harvest storage losses. The study recommended the participation of the private sector in&#13;
maize storage in Zimbabwe, investment in hermetic storage, provision of maize drying services&#13;
at all Grain Marketing Board depots, training of all maize handlers in Zimbabwe on effective&#13;
maize storage practices and the establishment of post-harvest retail shops in all the 10 provinces&#13;
in Zimbabwe</text>
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                <text>INDUCTION PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES  OF NEW EMPLOYEES IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS AT GREAT ZIMBABWE UNIVERSITY: ANY MISSING LINKS </text>
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                <text>DR. ANDREW CHINDANYA </text>
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                <text>International Journal of Engineering Research and Management (IJERM)</text>
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                <text>THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS</text>
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                <text>DR. S. B. M. MARUME&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>R.R. JUBENKANDA&#13;
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                <text>On the basis of comparative study of public policy analysis, it is difficult to underrate or downplay&#13;
the illustrious contributions of an eminent American public policy scientist in the name of Professor Robert A.&#13;
Goldwin who has greatly assisted social scientists to view public policy analysis as an earnest, systematic and&#13;
deliberate attempt to measure the costs and benefits of various policy alternatives and to evaluate actual or&#13;
proposed governmental activities [R. A. Goldwin: 1980:29] and to provide policy – makers with neutral and&#13;
objective advice pertaining to the best programme in terms of economy, efficiency and effectiveness [Fredrick S.&#13;
Lane: 1982:384 – 5 and Jenkins – Smith, 1982:89]. This forms the subject if this article.</text>
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                <text>Many a prominent social scientist argue that the administrative process is a collective term for all&#13;
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meaningful classification framework, and numbers of distinguished overseas authors have written of the&#13;
administrative process and then discussed the widest diversity of the processes in their works; and it was only in&#13;
1967 that Professor J. J. N. Cloete in his book, Introduction of Public Administration, gave the most meaningful&#13;
analytical framework which is the subject matter of this article.</text>
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                <text>THE EFFECT OF SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENT STRATEGIES ON OPERATIONAL&#13;
PERFORMANCE OF HUMANITARIAN ORGANISATIONS IN ZIMBABWE DURING THE&#13;
COVID-19 PERIOD&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic disrupted the supply chains, and this created acute&#13;
shortages of materials and products in both local and global markets. This situation demanded&#13;
humanitarian organisations to implement supply chain resilient strategies in order to secure the&#13;
supplies of their procurement requirements on time and keep their operations running. This&#13;
study, therefore, examined the effects of supply chain resilience strategies on operational&#13;
performance of humanitarian relief organisations in Zimbabwe during the Covid-19 period. A&#13;
pragmatic research philosophy and a descriptive survey research design were employed. A&#13;
sample of 28 supply chain professionals from humanitarian relief organisations was randomly&#13;
selected from a targeted population of 30 for the questionnaire and 25 of them responded&#13;
whereas interviews were conducted with 5 supply chain management professionals.&#13;
Quantitative data were scrutinized by means of SPSS &amp; AMOS programmes (versions 22.0)&#13;
whilst qualitative data from interview was analysed using thematic scrutiny. Structural&#13;
Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to determine the results and convergent validity of the&#13;
measurement model was tested. The study findings show that supply chain resilience strategies&#13;
have positive significant effect on operational performance of humanitarian relief organisations&#13;
during the Covid-19 period. The study concluded that, in Zimbabwe, humanitarian relief are&#13;
familiar with supply chain resilient strategies and that the supply chain resilient strategies&#13;
which were analysed have a positive and significant effect on material availability, delivery&#13;
flexibility and delivery time. The study recommends humanitarian relief organisations to be&#13;
agile in their supply chain departments, to push for cross sector collaborations and to implement&#13;
supply chain preparedness strategies as this is critical in improving their operational&#13;
performance during Covid-19 period.</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Journal of Business, Economics and Management</text>
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                <text>BOARD APPOINTMENT PROCESSES AND THEIR IMPACT ON CORPORATE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC ENTITIES IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>GARIKAI   MANYERUKE</text>
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                <text> TINASHE RUVINGA&#13;
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                <text>The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of appointment systems for public entity boards in Zimbabwe in enhancing meritocracy, given the contribution of the parastatals&#13;
to the national economy. Most public entities in Zimbabwe have been drowned in scandals, which have left them underperforming and recording losses over the years. The AgencyTheory, Upper Echelon Theory and Political Theory informed the study. The study adopted a pragmatist research philosophy, a mixed research paradigm and a cross-sectional survey research design. The target population of the study comprised permanent secretaries and board&#13;
members from the 107 public entities in Zimbabwe. A sample size of 261 participants was used for collecting quantitative data, and 25 participants were used for collecting qualitative data. Stratified sampling and purposive sampling techniques were employed to sample participants for quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth&#13;
personal interview guides were used to collect and generate data from participants. Cronbach’s alpha (α) was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The data was analysed using SPSS Version 25 and AMOS Version 21. The study concluded that the Corporate Governance Unit was the most appropriate institution to be designated as the appointing authority for state entity boards. The appointing authority needs to be granted the full mandate&#13;
of establishing nomination committees that conduct board selection processes for all public entities. The study also concluded that government policies moderated the relationship between&#13;
meritocracy in the appointment of public entity boards and organisational performance. The study recommended that the government should avoid the frequent state interference and violations of statutory provisions in the board appointment process. Further studies could focus on the effectiveness of a boards appointment system in the private sector in Zimbabwe</text>
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                <text>DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION AMONG FEMALE FLEA&#13;
MARKET OWNERS IN SELECTED SUBURBS IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>GLADYS SIWELA</text>
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                <text>This study set out to investigate determinants of financial inclusion among female flea market&#13;
owners in selected suburbs in Harare, Zimbabwe. The study employed the mixed method research&#13;
approach, in which the quantitative paradigm was dominant. This approach allowed for a systemic&#13;
integration of quantitative and qualitative data. Questionnaires were administered to 630 randomly&#13;
selected participants. The determinants of financial inclusion which are access, quality, usage and&#13;
welfare were measured using paired sample T-test, Chi-square and Logistic regression. The&#13;
reduced logistic regression model was statistically significant p=0.003&lt;0.05. The model explained&#13;
12.9 percent (Nagelkerke R Square) of the variation in active account holders and correctly&#13;
classified 63.5 percent of cases. Respondents who are aware of Savings Account are 2.881 times&#13;
more likely to have an active account while those aware of Debit Card are 1.712 times likely to&#13;
have an active account. Thus from the model it can be deduced that awareness of bank products&#13;
significantly determines one’s ability to own an active account. The recommendations from this&#13;
study are directed to policy makers in the financial services sector. Access to mobile accounts from&#13;
Zimbabwe mobile phone networks has now become a very easy process. The financial services&#13;
sector can derive benefits by creating strategic alliances with mobile phone service providers in&#13;
order to introduce a robust product offering that rides on mobile money wallets. Partnerships can&#13;
be created between the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ), mobile phone service providers and an&#13;
international payment card provider in order to expand digital payments. This payment&#13;
interoperability will not only ensure digital financial inclusion but will also be a strategy for&#13;
harnessing diaspora remittances. Future research should be conducted to determine the impact of&#13;
transaction taxes and the general cost of mobile transaction fees to financial inclusion.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
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                <text>THE EFFICACY OF LEAN MANUFACTURING ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE. A&#13;
CASE STUDY OF ZIMBABWEAN BEVERAGES MANUFACTURING COMPANIES&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>JULIUS MANGENA</text>
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                <text>DELIGHT RUFARO HUNGWE</text>
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                <text> MERCY DUBE&#13;
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                <text>SINOTHANDO TSHUMA</text>
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                <text>The impact of Lean Manufacturing (LM) on organisational performance is an ongoing&#13;
discussion globally. Zimbabwean companies have implemented LM tools for operational&#13;
performance across various industries. The Beverage industry has also been identified to be&#13;
focusing on initiatives such as developing products that are less expensive, sell better and faster&#13;
for it to remain competitive and reclaiming market shares, sales revenue and profitable in&#13;
today's global market. The primary goal of this study was to determine the efficacy and viability&#13;
of lean manufacturing processes at Zimbabwean Beverages production plants. The study used&#13;
a qualitative research methodology, which yielded in-depth, detailed and rich data from human&#13;
viewpoints and experiences resulting in a realistic understanding that was interpreted using the&#13;
participants' social and cultural context. A total of thirty participants were purposeful selected&#13;
based on their knowledge of the phenomenon under investigation. Physical face-to-face&#13;
interviews, Ms team interviews, and focus groups responded to semi-structured interviews in&#13;
data collection. Document analysis was used to collect data. The study found out that&#13;
Zimbabwean Companies have not fully adopted lean manufacturing because of scepticism&#13;
from management on the cost involved and the fear of losing jobs by the shop floor workers.&#13;
The study however unearthed that manufacturing companies would benefit from lean&#13;
manufacturing principles performance. Overwhelming evidence availed was that by&#13;
implementing lean tools such as JIT methods, the organizations would be able to cut waste,&#13;
reduce inventory holding costs and develop supplier relationships. TPM and VSM were found&#13;
to have the potential to improve productivity and quality. The study recommends that suitable&#13;
training programs should be designed to provide management with knowledge and skills to&#13;
apply the positive traits to incorporate the lean concept into the organizations. and through buy-&#13;
in from shop floor workforce increase company performance.</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe has been classified as being in debt distress and government debt has risen&#13;
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82% in 2017. Large fiscal deficits experienced by the country have partly been the result of an&#13;
elevated public wage bill, which continues to absorb more than 80% of revenue in the country.&#13;
More so, the deficits have also been financed through an overdraft facility at the Reserve Bank&#13;
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public funds. Zimbabwe is officially burdened with public debt of approximately US$17.5&#13;
billion of which US$14.043 billion is external debt stock alongside ZWL$2.235 trillion worth&#13;
of domestic debt. The total Public and Publicly Guaranteed (PPG) debt increased by 27.5%&#13;
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implications of unsustainable public debt. Some identified challenges exacerbating public debt&#13;
include lack of compliance by the government with legislative provisions on borrowings,&#13;
public debt defaults, misappropriated public debts and fragmented public debt institutional&#13;
framework. High debt creates uncertainty, deterring investment and innovation, and has a&#13;
negative impact on economic growth. Unsustainable debt burdens compel governments to&#13;
spend more on debt servicing and less on public service delivery. It is therefore recommended&#13;
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                <text>EXAMINING THE CONFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND&#13;
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                <text>Artificial intelligence is influencing how businesses operate and how people live and work in&#13;
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operations or else face relegation. Since many businesses have survival as a common business&#13;
objective, they are highly likely to adopt AI so that they stay afloat and remain competitive.&#13;
The advent of emerging technologies on its own presents a new and dynamic business&#13;
landscape which is complex; there is a need to realign the traditional ethical frameworks and&#13;
ensure they are in sync with current technological trends. This study lays bare major ethical&#13;
dilemmas such as algorithmic bias, data privacy, transparency and potential job loss which&#13;
have sparked debate on the topic of emerging technology adoption, particularly AI and ethics.&#13;
A systematic literature review is employed in reviewing literature related to AI, legal&#13;
frameworks and business ethics. Recent incidences documented in literature are examined to&#13;
illustrate how businesses are navigating consequences of AI adoption. The role of regulators&#13;
and their influence in shaping legal frameworks is also examined. Results of this study showed&#13;
that there was a significant need of dynamic ethical guidelines that were readily responsive to&#13;
the unprecedented pace of technological changes and innovation. Management and those&#13;
charged with governance need to take a proactive role in designing and implementing dynamic&#13;
ethical frameworks. For instance, they could adopt strategies such as ethics auditing and the&#13;
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                <text>DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN ZIMBABWE’S PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES&#13;
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                <text>The study investigated how innovative financial resource mobilisation projects/programmes&#13;
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research designs guided by positivist research theory were utilised. The unit of analysis was&#13;
limited to six public universities in Zimbabwe. Two hundred and twenty-nine respondents were&#13;
randomly chosen out of 1 450 employees in the separate revenue-generating units to participate&#13;
in the Rensis Likert scale questionnaire survey. Quantitative data were validated using tests for&#13;
normality, kurtosis and skewness, homoscedasticity, multicollinearity, and prior power of the&#13;
entire study model. The test findings were within acceptable limits. The multiple linear&#13;
regression model results revealed that organisational structure, cost management, financial&#13;
administration, institutional support, and own income generation all had positive coefficients,&#13;
indicating a positive relationship with financial sustainability. A negative relationship was&#13;
found between strategic planning and financial sustainability, implying that the more strategic&#13;
planning procedures implemented, the worse the financial sustainability. The alternate&#13;
hypothesis: Innovative financial resource mobilisation having no substantial effect on the&#13;
financial sustainability of Zimbabwe's public universities, was accepted. It was concluded that&#13;
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                <text>IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCIAL RESOURCE MOBILISATION PROGRAMMES TO&#13;
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PANACEA OR A PIPE DREAM?&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to examine how innovative financial resource mobilisation&#13;
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research philosophy were employed in the study. The unit of analysis was confined to six public&#13;
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systematic random sampling from an accessible population of 1 450 employees in the&#13;
respective revenue generating units and participated in the Rensis Likert scale questionnaire&#13;
survey. Quantitative data were validated using tests for normality, kurtosis and skewness,&#13;
homoscedasticity, multicollinearity, and prior power of the entire model of the study. The test&#13;
results fell within acceptable values for correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.&#13;
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research philosophy were employed in the study. The unit of analysis was confined to six public&#13;
universities in Zimbabwe from which a sample of 229 respondents were selected through&#13;
systematic random sampling from an accessible population of 1 450 employees in the&#13;
respective revenue generating units and participated in the Rensis Likert scale questionnaire&#13;
survey. Quantitative data were validated using tests for normality, kurtosis and skewness,&#13;
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rejected and the alternate hypothesis accepted. It was deduced that innovative financial&#13;
resource mobilisation enhanced the financial sustainability of the public universities of&#13;
Zimbabwe. Therefore, the more the public universities implemented innovative financial&#13;
resource mobilisation programmes, the more the financial sustainability. It was recommended&#13;
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