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                <text>ENHANCING THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF ZIMBABWE’S PUBLIC&#13;
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MOBILISATION</text>
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                <text>DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION AMONG FEMALE FLEA&#13;
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                <text>GLADYS SIWELA</text>
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                <text>This study set out to investigate determinants of financial inclusion among female flea market&#13;
owners in selected suburbs in Harare, Zimbabwe. The study employed the mixed method research&#13;
approach, in which the quantitative paradigm was dominant. This approach allowed for a systemic&#13;
integration of quantitative and qualitative data. Questionnaires were administered to 630 randomly&#13;
selected participants. The determinants of financial inclusion which are access, quality, usage and&#13;
welfare were measured using paired sample T-test, Chi-square and Logistic regression. The&#13;
reduced logistic regression model was statistically significant p=0.003&lt;0.05. The model explained&#13;
12.9 percent (Nagelkerke R Square) of the variation in active account holders and correctly&#13;
classified 63.5 percent of cases. Respondents who are aware of Savings Account are 2.881 times&#13;
more likely to have an active account while those aware of Debit Card are 1.712 times likely to&#13;
have an active account. Thus from the model it can be deduced that awareness of bank products&#13;
significantly determines one’s ability to own an active account. The recommendations from this&#13;
study are directed to policy makers in the financial services sector. Access to mobile accounts from&#13;
Zimbabwe mobile phone networks has now become a very easy process. The financial services&#13;
sector can derive benefits by creating strategic alliances with mobile phone service providers in&#13;
order to introduce a robust product offering that rides on mobile money wallets. Partnerships can&#13;
be created between the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ), mobile phone service providers and an&#13;
international payment card provider in order to expand digital payments. This payment&#13;
interoperability will not only ensure digital financial inclusion but will also be a strategy for&#13;
harnessing diaspora remittances. Future research should be conducted to determine the impact of&#13;
transaction taxes and the general cost of mobile transaction fees to financial inclusion.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY</text>
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                <text>IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCIAL RESOURCE MOBILISATION PROGRAMMES TO&#13;
INCREASE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN ZIMBABWE’S PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES: A&#13;
PANACEA OR A PIPE DREAM?&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to examine how innovative financial resource mobilisation&#13;
projects/programmes enhanced the financial sustainability of the public universities of&#13;
Zimbabwe. A combination of correlation and survey research design informed by the positivist&#13;
research philosophy were employed in the study. The unit of analysis was confined to six public&#13;
universities in Zimbabwe from which a sample of 229 respondents were selected through&#13;
systematic random sampling from an accessible population of 1 450 employees in the&#13;
respective revenue generating units and participated in the Rensis Likert scale questionnaire&#13;
survey. Quantitative data were validated using tests for normality, kurtosis and skewness,&#13;
homoscedasticity, multicollinearity, and prior power of the entire model of the study. The test&#13;
results fell within acceptable values for correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.&#13;
Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics. The&#13;
Overall regression results showed that right-tailed, was F(3,164) = 12.7208, p-value = 0.000.&#13;
Since p-value &lt; α (0.05), H0 (the null hypothesis): Innovative financial resource mobilisation&#13;
has no significant effect on the financial sustainability of Zimbabwe’s public universities, was&#13;
rejected and the alternate hypothesis accepted. It was deduced that innovative financial&#13;
resource mobilisation enhanced the financial sustainability of the public universities of&#13;
Zimbabwe. Therefore, the more the public universities implemented innovative financial&#13;
resource mobilisation programmes, the more the financial sustainability. It was recommended&#13;
that lucrative financial resource mobilisation strategies like 'grant-winning' research and&#13;
extension, provision of consultancy and advisory services, sale of merchandise in strategic&#13;
business units, bond issues financing, endowment financing, and foundations be implemented&#13;
to maintain the financial sustainability of the public universities of Zimbabwe.</text>
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                <text>IMPACT OF ONLINE TAX SYSTEM ON TAX COMPLIANCE OF SMALL TO&#13;
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                <text>Globally, tax authorities are relying on e-government-driven solutions like online tax systems to&#13;
communicate with taxpayers in settings for tax collection, administration, and compliance. The&#13;
study investigated the impact of online tax system on tax compliance among Small and Medium&#13;
Enterprises in Harare Central Business District. The objective of this study was to establish the&#13;
effect of online tax filing security on tax compliance among SMEs, to examine SMEs’ perception&#13;
towards online tax filing system and to identify the computer literacy levels of online tax filing on&#13;
tax compliance of Small to Medium Enterprises in Harare Central Business District. The study&#13;
used the survey descriptive research design in which quantitative data was gathered through self-&#13;
administered questionnaires and primary data techniques. The target population was 13000 SMEs.&#13;
A total sample size of 389 was selected as representative of the target population using Stratified&#13;
random sampling. The STATA software package was used to analyze the data collected using&#13;
descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The study found out that online tax filing security,&#13;
SMEs perception of online tax filing system and computer literacy levels of SMEs showed&#13;
significant relationship with tax compliance. From regression analysis, it was revealed that the&#13;
77.28% which explains a substantial portion of the variance in tax compliance, suggesting that&#13;
SMEs in Harare CBD have adopted the online tax filing system</text>
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                <text>IMPLEMENTATION OF FINANCIAL RESOURCE MOBILISATION PROGRAMMES TO&#13;
INCREASE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN ZIMBABWE’S PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES: A&#13;
PANACEA OR A PIPE DREAM?&#13;
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                <text>The study sought to examine how innovative financial resource mobilisation&#13;
projects/programmes enhanced the financial sustainability of the public universities of&#13;
Zimbabwe. A combination of correlation and survey research design informed by the positivist&#13;
research philosophy were employed in the study. The unit of analysis was confined to six public&#13;
universities in Zimbabwe from which a sample of 229 respondents were selected through&#13;
systematic random sampling from an accessible population of 1 450 employees in the&#13;
respective revenue generating units and participated in the Rensis Likert scale questionnaire&#13;
survey. Quantitative data were validated using tests for normality, kurtosis and skewness,&#13;
homoscedasticity, multicollinearity, and prior power of the entire model of the study. The test&#13;
results fell within acceptable values for correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.&#13;
Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics. The&#13;
Overall regression results showed that right-tailed, was F(3,164) = 12.7208, p-value = 0.000.&#13;
Since p-value &lt; α (0.05), H0 (the null hypothesis): Innovative financial resource mobilisation&#13;
has no significant effect on the financial sustainability of Zimbabwe’s public universities, was&#13;
rejected and the alternate hypothesis accepted. It was deduced that innovative financial&#13;
resource mobilisation enhanced the financial sustainability of the public universities of&#13;
Zimbabwe. Therefore, the more the public universities implemented innovative financial&#13;
resource mobilisation programmes, the more the financial sustainability. It was recommended&#13;
that lucrative financial resource mobilisation strategies like 'grant-winning' research and&#13;
extension, provision of consultancy and advisory services, sale of merchandise in strategic&#13;
business units, bond issues financing, endowment financing, and foundations be implemented&#13;
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                <text>HOW TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE UNIVERSITIES: AN INTEGRATION OF&#13;
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PROCESSES&#13;
CAXTON SHONHIWA&#13;
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                <text>The paper interrogates the performance of Zimbabwean State Universities and proposes the&#13;
integration of strategic management and performance management. The contention was that&#13;
the strategic management process could not lead to high institutional performance because it&#13;
was divorced from the sphere of managing institutional performance, and the removal of the&#13;
operational staff from the strategic planning process. A constructivist paradigm was adopted&#13;
as it was viewed to be the best suited to allow the researcher to become one with participants&#13;
and ‘get’ into their psych to extract their lived experiences. A group of well-informed persons&#13;
from the target institutions was purposively identified and interviewed over some time. The&#13;
acquired data were transcribed and then analysed for meaning. The findings were that the&#13;
strategic planning process should be integrated with the performance management process. The&#13;
operational staff must be involved and participate in both processes for purposes of process&#13;
ownership and buy-in. their participation resulted in corporate objectives being cascaded down&#13;
to the operational level without their loss of meaning. The conclusion was that the performance&#13;
management process should be integrated with the strategic planning process if state&#13;
institutions were to achieve their vision</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Journal of Business, Economics and Management</text>
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                <text>THE EFFECT OF SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENT STRATEGIES ON OPERATIONAL&#13;
PERFORMANCE OF HUMANITARIAN ORGANISATIONS IN ZIMBABWE DURING THE&#13;
COVID-19 PERIOD&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>REGIS MUCHOWE&#13;
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                <text>The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic disrupted the supply chains, and this created acute&#13;
shortages of materials and products in both local and global markets. This situation demanded&#13;
humanitarian organisations to implement supply chain resilient strategies in order to secure the&#13;
supplies of their procurement requirements on time and keep their operations running. This&#13;
study, therefore, examined the effects of supply chain resilience strategies on operational&#13;
performance of humanitarian relief organisations in Zimbabwe during the Covid-19 period. A&#13;
pragmatic research philosophy and a descriptive survey research design were employed. A&#13;
sample of 28 supply chain professionals from humanitarian relief organisations was randomly&#13;
selected from a targeted population of 30 for the questionnaire and 25 of them responded&#13;
whereas interviews were conducted with 5 supply chain management professionals.&#13;
Quantitative data were scrutinized by means of SPSS &amp; AMOS programmes (versions 22.0)&#13;
whilst qualitative data from interview was analysed using thematic scrutiny. Structural&#13;
Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to determine the results and convergent validity of the&#13;
measurement model was tested. The study findings show that supply chain resilience strategies&#13;
have positive significant effect on operational performance of humanitarian relief organisations&#13;
during the Covid-19 period. The study concluded that, in Zimbabwe, humanitarian relief are&#13;
familiar with supply chain resilient strategies and that the supply chain resilient strategies&#13;
which were analysed have a positive and significant effect on material availability, delivery&#13;
flexibility and delivery time. The study recommends humanitarian relief organisations to be&#13;
agile in their supply chain departments, to push for cross sector collaborations and to implement&#13;
supply chain preparedness strategies as this is critical in improving their operational&#13;
performance during Covid-19 period.</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Journal of Business, Economics and Management</text>
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                <text>ATTAINING ORGANISATIONAL SUCCESS IN ZIMBABWE’S STATE UNIVERSITIES: PERCEPTIONS OF THE OPERATIONAL STAFF&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>CAXTON SHONHIWA</text>
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                <text>The researcher sought to establish the perceptions of operational staff on their understanding&#13;
of organisational success. The perception of organisational success is usually a reflection of&#13;
where the owner of the perception stands in the organisation. A constructivist philosophy was&#13;
adopted to engage a group of purposefully selected operational staff members in in-depth&#13;
interviews through a face-to-face mode and then by WhatsApp. The purposefully selected&#13;
members of the operational staff were asked three questions, and they discussed these questions&#13;
over a period of two months. At the end of the period, transcripts of the discussions were given&#13;
to relevant members for their authenticity check and validation. Further to that process, the&#13;
responses were coded, and themes were formulated from which the perceptions of operational&#13;
staff were derived. The staff perceived that their hard work, the awards they received from the&#13;
organisation and the achievement of the assigned targets meant that the organisation was&#13;
succeeding. The recommendation was that operational staff members need to be involved in&#13;
strategic planning sessions where organisational goals are derived and cascaded from the&#13;
corporate level down to the operational level to make them understand the importance of hard&#13;
work at each level and by every worke</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Journal of Business, Economics and Management</text>
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                <text>AN INCLUSIVE MODEL OF EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOR ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>SHAME MUKOKA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This study sought to determine an inclusive framework for education expenditure that enhances&#13;
economic development for Zimbabwe. The study used the ARDL-ECM in the determination&#13;
of the relationship between the two variables, using data for the period 1980 to 2021. E-views&#13;
Version 12.0 Statistical Package was used to run the regressions. Data were obtained from the&#13;
International Monetary Fund and World Bank. The study found an inverse relationship between&#13;
expenditure on education and economic development in Zimbabwe for both the short-run and&#13;
long-run periods. Guided by the Zimbabwe Education 5.0 Model, the study recommends that&#13;
a stand-alone research budget be made available for the institutions of higher education. It is&#13;
also true with the industry that expects the best from graduates to fund research done by the&#13;
institutions of higher education. It follows, therefore, that the industry must have constant&#13;
liaison with the institutions of higher education, presenting challenges which they are facing&#13;
for research to be conducted with the view of proffering solutions. In fact, facilitators from the&#13;
institutions of higher education must be able to research on the needs of the economy, and&#13;
impart knowledge on students, guided by the predetermined economic needs. It is from the&#13;
research that the institutions would have conducted that would inform the content of teaching&#13;
and community outreach. The students would then benefit from the researched teaching, thus,&#13;
enabling them, and the facilitators to cause innovation and industrialisation</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Journal of Business, Economics and Management</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN ZIMBABWE’S PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The study investigated how innovative financial resource mobilisation projects/programmes&#13;
improved the financial sustainability of Zimbabwe's public universities. Correlation and survey&#13;
research designs guided by positivist research theory were utilised. The unit of analysis was&#13;
limited to six public universities in Zimbabwe. Two hundred and twenty-nine respondents were&#13;
randomly chosen out of 1 450 employees in the separate revenue-generating units to participate&#13;
in the Rensis Likert scale questionnaire survey. Quantitative data were validated using tests for&#13;
normality, kurtosis and skewness, homoscedasticity, multicollinearity, and prior power of the&#13;
entire study model. The test findings were within acceptable limits. The multiple linear&#13;
regression model results revealed that organisational structure, cost management, financial&#13;
administration, institutional support, and own income generation all had positive coefficients,&#13;
indicating a positive relationship with financial sustainability. A negative relationship was&#13;
found between strategic planning and financial sustainability, implying that the more strategic&#13;
planning procedures implemented, the worse the financial sustainability. The alternate&#13;
hypothesis: Innovative financial resource mobilisation having no substantial effect on the&#13;
financial sustainability of Zimbabwe's public universities, was accepted. It was concluded that&#13;
the innovative financial resource mobilisation improved the financial sustainability of&#13;
Zimbabwe's public universities.</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Journal of Business, Economics and Management&#13;
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        <name>Strategy</name>
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                <text>PUBLIC DEBT SERVICING IN ZIMBABWE: CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>KEITH TICHAONA TASHU</text>
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                <text>TAFADZWA MOYO</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe has been classified as being in debt distress and government debt has risen&#13;
substantially from just over 48% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2013 to an estimated&#13;
82% in 2017. Large fiscal deficits experienced by the country have partly been the result of an&#13;
elevated public wage bill, which continues to absorb more than 80% of revenue in the country.&#13;
More so, the deficits have also been financed through an overdraft facility at the Reserve Bank&#13;
of Zimbabwe (RBZ) bailouts of state-owned enterprises, and widespread mismanagement of&#13;
public funds. Zimbabwe is officially burdened with public debt of approximately US$17.5&#13;
billion of which US$14.043 billion is external debt stock alongside ZWL$2.235 trillion worth&#13;
of domestic debt. The total Public and Publicly Guaranteed (PPG) debt increased by 27.5%&#13;
from 2021 figure of US$13.722 billion which is an unusual increase in a single year only. This&#13;
research examines challenges associated with debt servicing in Zimbabwe as well as&#13;
implications of unsustainable public debt. Some identified challenges exacerbating public debt&#13;
include lack of compliance by the government with legislative provisions on borrowings,&#13;
public debt defaults, misappropriated public debts and fragmented public debt institutional&#13;
framework. High debt creates uncertainty, deterring investment and innovation, and has a&#13;
negative impact on economic growth. Unsustainable debt burdens compel governments to&#13;
spend more on debt servicing and less on public service delivery. It is therefore recommended&#13;
that, the government needs to establish a clear legal and organisational framework on public&#13;
debt, expand the revenue base and debts auditing.</text>
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                <text>A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MAIZE WAREHOUSING STRATEGIES ADOPTED IN ZIMBABWE, USA, BANGLADESH, ETHIOPIA, AND NIGERIA TO REDUCE MAIZE POST- HARVEST STORAGE LOSSES</text>
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                <text>DR EDDINE EDSON MUDYAZHEZHA</text>
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                <text>The focus of this paper was to examine the warehousing strategies adopted in Zimbabwe to&#13;
reduce maize post-harvest storage losses and compare them to those adopted by the United&#13;
States of America (USA), Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. The aim was to draw valuable&#13;
lessons for Zimbabwe to reduce maize post-harvest storage losses and ensure food security.&#13;
Despite many schemes which have resulted in significant increase in maize productivity, the&#13;
problem of food shortages especially for maize has persisted continually in Zimbabwe. Primary&#13;
data was collected from 36 Grain Marketing Board of Zimbabwe (GMB) managers,&#13;
Supervisors, and employees in all its ‘Class 1’ depots, Zimbabwe, the Ministry of Lands,&#13;
Agriculture, Fisheries, Water, and Rural Development (MLAFWRD) and agricultural experts&#13;
through in-depth interviews. Quota, purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to&#13;
select the study participants. The study revealed that there was a huge difference in the maize&#13;
warehousing strategies used in the USA, Bangladesh, Nigeria and Ethiopia and the strategies&#13;
used in Zimbabwe in terms the responsibility for grain storage, grain storage methods, in-&#13;
storage grain monitoring, grain post-harvest services, post-harvest grain storage training. The&#13;
study concluded that Zimbabwe really needs to invest in maize warehousing in order to reduce&#13;
post-harvest storage losses. The study recommended the participation of the private sector in&#13;
maize storage in Zimbabwe, investment in hermetic storage, provision of maize drying services&#13;
at all Grain Marketing Board depots, training of all maize handlers in Zimbabwe on effective&#13;
maize storage practices and the establishment of post-harvest retail shops in all the 10 provinces&#13;
in Zimbabwe</text>
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                <text>TRADE LIBERALISATION-CAPITAL INFLOW: AN INCLUSIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>SHAME MUKOKA</text>
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                <text>This study sought to determine a framework of upholding trade liberalism for increased capital&#13;
inflows in the form of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for Zimbabwe. The study used the&#13;
ARDL-ECM in the determination of the nexus between the two variables, for the data covering&#13;
1980 to 2021. E-views Version 9.0 Statistical Package was used to run the regressions. Data&#13;
were obtained from the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe, International Monetary Fund and World&#13;
Bank. The study found that in the short-run, trade openness has a significant inverse&#13;
relationship with capital flows (FDI), whilst in the long-run there is a significant positive&#13;
relationship between them for Zimbabwe. The study recommends that there be duty free on&#13;
capital goods, that the government give incentives on exporters, that all goods exported go&#13;
through the process of value addition, that the government provide subsidies on exporters and,&#13;
that the government ensure efficiency at ports through infrastructure develop</text>
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                <text>Zimbabwe Journal of Business, Economics, and Management </text>
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                <text>THE IMPACT OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON COMPETITIVE&#13;
ADVANTAGE AND ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF LIGHT MOTOR VEHICLE DEALERS IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>MENARD ZHOU</text>
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                <text>BOARD SIZE VERSUS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: A THEMATIC APPROACH&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>ONESMO GUTI, </text>
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                <text>ASHLEY MASHAYAMOMBE</text>
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                <text>SIPIWE SIBANDA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This paper seeks to examine the effects of board size upon firm’s financial performance. Board characteristics include&#13;
outside directors, board size, gender diversity and board diligence. This paper concentrated upon the board size’s effect&#13;
upon firm performance. The two corporate governance theories: namely, stewardship theory; and resource dependence&#13;
theory were utilised. This paper made use of analysing and sy nthesising literature from various sources in a bid to&#13;
expose the views of various writers upon the effects of Board size on firms’ financial performance. The qualitative&#13;
methodology was applied through the thematic analysis approach. Both the deductive and inductiv e approaches were&#13;
utilized to enjoy the benefits of the thematic approach. This enabled robust coding technique</text>
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                <text> International Journal of Research Publications (IJRP.ORG)</text>
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                <text>REAL ESTATE AND PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN THE&#13;
CITY OF BEIRA, MOZAMBIQUE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>TOWINDO TICHAONA</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this thesis was to make an analysis of the challenges facing the real&#13;
estate and properties management industry in the city of Beira, Mozambique. This&#13;
research features both Policy Formulation and Management areas of study. In light of&#13;
this research, there is one major question that had to be considered: “What are the&#13;
challenges being faced by property owners, property seekers, property management&#13;
regulators, and real estate agents during the course of their business activities in the&#13;
city of Beira?”&#13;
This qualitative research was based on the premise that valuable data were collected&#13;
through conducting face-to-face interviews among the thirty participants in this study.&#13;
The thirty participants were made up of eight informal real estate agents, eight property&#13;
owners, eight property seekers, three formal real estate agents, and three local&#13;
government officials (property regulators). Six participants were purposively sampled&#13;
from each of the five major residential areas in the city of Beira.&#13;
The interviewees were asked about the major challenges affecting the real estate and&#13;
properties management industry. All the collected data were organized for entry into the&#13;
Qualitative Data Analysis Computer program. This is an Excel Spread Sheets based&#13;
program, whose results are summarized in a Pivot Table.&#13;
The results following this research show that the City of Beira is being faced with real&#13;
challenges whereby the property industry is being managed haphazardly. The study&#13;
revealed that there is little government or official private sector control to oversee the&#13;
industry. The study recommends the urgent need for the local government and the&#13;
private sector to intervene in the property management activities through setting up an&#13;
active national or local real estate board, and or local real estate committee. This board&#13;
or committee should serve to come up with laws and specific guidelines for these real&#13;
estate and properties management activities</text>
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                <text>WORKPLACE COUNSELLING AS A REMEDY FOR BURNOUT:&#13;
A CASE STUDY OF OPERATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION SECTOR&#13;
RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES IN MIDLANDS REGION OF ZIMBABWE&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The study investigated whether workplace counselling was a remedy for burnout&#13;
which operational nongovernmental organisation (NGO) employees experience. The&#13;
study was prompted by the fact that in Zimbabwe there is no recommended solution&#13;
to the problem of burnout. This study was premised on the qualitative research design&#13;
rooted in the interpretivist paradigm and was conducted in four operational NGOs&#13;
responding to humanitarian emergencies in Midlands Region of Zimbabwe. The&#13;
sample was made up of 8 participants from management, 22 employees from field&#13;
staff to get a total of 30 participants purposively sampled. Data were generated&#13;
through open ended questionnaires, interviews, observation and document analysis.&#13;
Ethical considerations were met through seeking permission and informed consent&#13;
from the selected NGOs and participants. Grounded theory was used as the basis for&#13;
the analysis. The results were centred on four themes which were causes of burnout,&#13;
current methods being used to prevent and treat burnout and their shortfalls and&#13;
counselling as a means to deal with burnout. The findings showed that participants&#13;
knew what burnout is and indicated that it is characterised by exhaustion, lack of&#13;
enthusiasm and motivation and feeling 'drained. Findings on causes of burnout&#13;
indicated that overworking and irrational thinking were some of the major causes of&#13;
burnout. The research results also indicated that burnout negatively affects&#13;
employees, resulting in diminished accomplishments, reduced efficacy, absenteeism,&#13;
physical illness, reduced commitment and professionalism. On current methods of&#13;
treatment of burnout, results indicate that employees largely rely on generic&#13;
counselling, natural approach and medication. However, participants pointed out that&#13;
burnout cannot be treated by medicine since it is not an infectious illness. Moreso,&#13;
drugs cannot change irrational thinking that promotes burnout and drugs whip the&#13;
adrenals. Findings showed that counselling can treat burnout through behaviour&#13;
modification and change in lifestyle. Hence, it can be concluded that counseling is a&#13;
remedy for burnout. The first key recommendation is that workplace counselling&#13;
should be provided by NGOs to employees as a remedy to burnout that employees&#13;
experience and counselling should be theory driven for it to be effective and&#13;
professional. I further recommend that medical treatment be used to treat symptoms&#13;
of burnout.</text>
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                <text>SUPPORT STRUCTURES FOR SMALL TO MEDIUM&#13;
ENTERPRISES AND THEIR POTENCY&#13;
IN EMPLOYMENT CREATION IN&#13;
GREATER MAPUTO&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Small and Medium Enterprises are globally credited for creating employment especially for&#13;
the youth, and to an extent, contributing to the gross domestic product of nations.&#13;
Unemployment is a scourge in Mozambique and small and medium enterprises are seen as a&#13;
solution to this universal economic problem. The study sought to answer a fundamental&#13;
research question; first, whether or not the support structures from financial institutions,&#13;
government agencies, large firms and non-governmental organizations are sufficient for&#13;
sustainable development and growth of small and medium enterprises, and second, whether&#13;
small and medium enterprises that have received support, contribute to reducing&#13;
unemployment in Greater Maputo. The study adopted the quantitative approach employing&#13;
questionnaires as tools for data collection. The sample was chosen from the population of&#13;
small and medium enterprises in Maputo using stratified random sampling method. A total&#13;
of 550 respondents were selected from the seven administrative districts of Greater Maputo&#13;
and the interviews were conducted using the face to face method employing structured,&#13;
close ended questionnaires. The study found that support afforded to small and medium&#13;
enterprises was too little for the sustainable development of this important sector of the&#13;
economy. The major Achilles‘ heel among small and medium enterprises development was&#13;
not the lack of entrepreneurial drive, rather subdued competitiveness. The study&#13;
recommended that proactive steps be implemented to support small and medium enterprises&#13;
in Greater Maputo, especially manufacturing enterprises. Financial institutions, government&#13;
agencies, large firms and non-governmental organizations should take positive action to&#13;
supports especially start-up firms as they are the source of employment creation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1987">
                <text>ZOU</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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                <text>AN ASSESSMENT OF THE INNOVATIVE MEASURES EMPLOYED BY SMALL TO&#13;
MEDIUM SIZE HOTELS IN HARARE, ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>NEHEMIYA NDHLOVU</text>
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                <text>The study sought to explore innovative measures employed by small to medium size&#13;
independent hotels. The study employed the interpretivist paradigm and used the qualitative&#13;
approach with a multiple case-study design. The population of the study comprised all the&#13;
managers and junior staff in five small to medium size independent hotels in Harare. The&#13;
sample of the study comprised fourteen managers and thirty junior staff purposively selected&#13;
from the hotels. Qualitative data were generated through focus group discussions and&#13;
qualitative interviews and were analysed for content using thematic analysis. Issues of data&#13;
trustworthiness were addressed. Credibility was achieved by adopting appropriate and well&#13;
recognised research methods while transferability was achieved through the provision of&#13;
background data to establish context of the study and to allow comparisons to be made.&#13;
Dependability was achieved through the use of “overlapping methods” and confirmability&#13;
was achieved through triangulation and provision of in-depth methodological description.&#13;
The study found that small to medium size independent hotels in Harare did not effectively&#13;
implement the innovative measures in the management of business. The study further&#13;
revealed that there were quite a number of major challenges faced by small to medium size&#13;
hotels in embracing innovation. The study recommends that SMEs must strategically plan for&#13;
innovation and effectively implement innovative measures. The study also recommends that&#13;
small to medium size independent hotels should address innovation in a more integrated and&#13;
systematic way and should use strategic measures to improve their operations. Further&#13;
studies need to be conducted across a number of industries and the results should be&#13;
compared across different industries and in the same industry over time.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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                <text>KEY LEADERSHIP FACTORS CRITICAL TO SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS&#13;
VIABILITY IN VOLATILE OPERATING ENVIRONMENTS: &#13;
A CASE STUDY OF ECONET WIRELESS ZIMBABWE LIMITED (1998-2017)&#13;
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                <text>DOUGLAS MBOWEN</text>
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                <text>This study was conducted to appreciate, fully, what leadership factors drive business&#13;
viability in volatile, unpredictable, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) environments with the&#13;
broader focus being on establishing the key leadership themes and factors influencing business&#13;
viability in an identified VUCA environment, namely Zimbabwe from 1998-2017. The study&#13;
made use of interpretive phenomenology as its paradigm, and was premised on qualitative,&#13;
single explorative and interpretive case study design and methodology. Data were generated&#13;
by the researcher through interviews, focus group discussions, with participants having been&#13;
purposively sampled. The analysis of the data made use of the modified Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen&#13;
method as described by Moustakas (1994), which resulted in the emergence of seven central&#13;
themes considered as essential ingredients for fostering resilience and viability for businesses&#13;
operating in VUCA environments. Based on the findings and discussions thereof, the&#13;
researcher then amended the “Attributional resilience model” by Gibson and Tarrant (2010)&#13;
and proposed what he has termed the Leadership-Driven Resilience Model (LDRM), which&#13;
theoretically proffers possibilities for business leaders to develop coping strategies in response&#13;
to difficult business operating environments. Recommendations for future research enquiry,&#13;
include the need to look at multiple case studies and be able to undertake comparisons on&#13;
viability dynamics across different organisations in VUCA environments. Further&#13;
recommendations are also directed towards governments to more effectively respond through&#13;
policy so as to ease off pressures as well as threats that VUCA environments thrust upon&#13;
businesses and for businesses operating in VUCA environments to consider viability factors&#13;
established in the study and then incorporate them into their strategy and operational planning&#13;
so as to guarantee survival as they navigate the difficult operating environments.</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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                <text> AN INVESTIGATION INTO FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH&#13;
TAX EVASION IN THE ZIMBABWE INFORMAL SECTOR: A&#13;
SURVEY OF MBARE MAGABA INFORMAL TRADERS&#13;
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CUTHBERT MASARIRAMBI</text>
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                <text>African nations are taking the route of small to medium enterprises (MSMEs) and&#13;
the contribution of micro enterprises to national development can no longer be&#13;
ignored or taken for granted. The contribution of SMEs to national budgets has&#13;
been curtailed by the phenomenon of tax evasion, yet little is known about factors&#13;
associated with this phenomenon. This study was an investigation into factors&#13;
associated with tax evasion in the Zimbabwe informal sector and it was a survey of&#13;
Mbare Magaba Informal Traders. The study was carried out from November 2011&#13;
to October 2013 and a systematic sample of 150 informal traders working in&#13;
makeshift shelters at Mbare Magaba was selected. Questionnaires were used to&#13;
collect data and the methodology of the study was quantitative as it employed the&#13;
survey research design</text>
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                <text>ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY </text>
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                <text>INDUCTION PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES  OF NEW EMPLOYEES IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS AT GREAT ZIMBABWE UNIVERSITY: ANY MISSING LINKS </text>
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                <text>DR. ANDREW CHINDANYA </text>
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                <text>STRATEGIES FOR DAILY SURVIVAL: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AMONG STREET VENDORS OF HARARE METROPOLITAN&#13;
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                <text>TAVONGA NYAYA </text>
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                <text>The study investigated the role of social capital among street vendors of Harare Metropolitan. The&#13;
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the uses of social networks as daily survival tools for street vendors in the face of increased marginalisation.&#13;
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faced by street vendors and problem-solving strategies. More specifically, in-depth interviews were conducted&#13;
with twelve individual street vendors; one focus group session with six street vendors and three detailed&#13;
interviews with key informants. The high influx of street vendors was due in part to low barriers of entry which&#13;
enabled cash-poor segments of the population to make a living without a heavy financial capital outlay. But&#13;
street vending also thrived because transactions required social capital, an asset which most vendors were&#13;
endowed with. In this regard, the study found that social capital was an important variable in the livelihood&#13;
provision of street vendors. Social capital was one of the many resources and was used in combination with&#13;
them in survival strategies. Street vendors benefitted from their social capital on three levels: personal,&#13;
suppliers and buyer relations and being members of social organisations including political parties. The main&#13;
goal of the street vendors was to expand their business and revenue in order to improve their livelihoods.&#13;
Surprisingly, the goals of the vendors were not situated in the realm of entering the formal sector. Instead, they&#13;
longed to enter the formal economy as workers and not as entrepreneurs. Macroeconomic stability and an&#13;
effective regulatory framework of the informal sector are required in Zimbabwe to assist in poverty reduction</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)</text>
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                <text>THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS</text>
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                <text>DR. S. B. M. MARUME&#13;
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                <text>R.R. JUBENKANDA&#13;
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                <text>C.W. NAMUSI&#13;
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                <text>On the basis of comparative study of public policy analysis, it is difficult to underrate or downplay&#13;
the illustrious contributions of an eminent American public policy scientist in the name of Professor Robert A.&#13;
Goldwin who has greatly assisted social scientists to view public policy analysis as an earnest, systematic and&#13;
deliberate attempt to measure the costs and benefits of various policy alternatives and to evaluate actual or&#13;
proposed governmental activities [R. A. Goldwin: 1980:29] and to provide policy – makers with neutral and&#13;
objective advice pertaining to the best programme in terms of economy, efficiency and effectiveness [Fredrick S.&#13;
Lane: 1982:384 – 5 and Jenkins – Smith, 1982:89]. This forms the subject if this article.</text>
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                <text>IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM</text>
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                <text>ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS</text>
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                <text>DR. S. B. M. MARUME</text>
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                <text>Many a prominent social scientist argue that the administrative process is a collective term for all&#13;
the sub-processes that fall within an accepted classification framework. It has taken long, however, to obtain a&#13;
meaningful classification framework, and numbers of distinguished overseas authors have written of the&#13;
administrative process and then discussed the widest diversity of the processes in their works; and it was only in&#13;
1967 that Professor J. J. N. Cloete in his book, Introduction of Public Administration, gave the most meaningful&#13;
analytical framework which is the subject matter of this article.</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Engineering Science Invention</text>
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