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                <text>TECHNOLOGY AFFORDANCES AND DIFFUSION FOR MOBILE CONNECTIVITY&#13;
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                <text> PROF. GABRIEL  KABANDA</text>
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                <text>The technology acceptance model (TAM)&#13;
proposes that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness&#13;
predict applications usage. Affordances are the interactions&#13;
between users and tool, i.e. properties of the world that are&#13;
compatible with and relevant for people’s interactions.&#13;
Affordance offers a distinctive perspective on the use of ICT&#13;
in education because of its focus on possibilities for action.&#13;
The paper assesses the value-adding contribution of the&#13;
concept of affordances, ascertains how its application provides&#13;
new insights and enables innovation of mobile technology, and&#13;
investigates how the notion of affordances can be used to&#13;
assess the diffusion and explore possible applications of&#13;
mobile technology into Zimbabwe. The main hypothesis being&#13;
tested was: “Technology affordances are related to the diffusion&#13;
of mobile technology in Zimbabwe”. Examples of mobile phone&#13;
applications used include WhatsApp, games and Ecocash, and&#13;
potential applications to mobile learning.&#13;
The quantitative methodology was used as the research&#13;
paradigm and a survey conducted on 15 selected Zimbabwean&#13;
schools to evaluate the application of TAM to mobile&#13;
technology and e-learning. Data on infodensity on 18&#13;
countries in Eastern and Southern Africa was analysed to&#13;
assess the relative progress on mobile technology diffusion in&#13;
Zimbabwe in comparison with other neighbouring countries&#13;
for the period 2000 to 2012. The FRAME model for mobile&#13;
learning is adopted as a framework for implementation to&#13;
manage the process resulting from the convergence of mobile&#13;
technologies, human learning capacities and social interaction.&#13;
TAM was partially supported, and the results showed that&#13;
perceived usefulness is more important in determining&#13;
intention to use the technology than attitude toward using.&#13;
However, the high cost of internet bandwidth is a major&#13;
prohibitive factor to the diffusion of mobile technology and e-&#13;
learning in Zimbabwe</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering</text>
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                <text>2014</text>
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                <text>AN IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT&#13;
FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING&#13;
THE DYNAMISM OF CULTURE&#13;
UNDER GLOBALIZATION:&#13;
EVIDENCE FROM ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>JR SAM TAKAVARASHA</text>
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                <text>DONALD CHIMANIKIRE</text>
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                <text>66 International Journal of Information Technology Project Management, 4(4), 66-81, October-December 2013&#13;
Copyright © 2013, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.&#13;
ABSTRACT&#13;
Culture has been analysed in information systems (IS) projects as one of the soft issues that cause project&#13;
failure. Increased outsourcing and collaboration call for an understanding of the dynamism of cultures in the&#13;
wake of global influences as a first step towards managing cross cultural Information Technology (IT) proj-&#13;
ects. In this study, the authors propose a way of assessing cultural dynamics in the context of trans-national&#13;
collaboration in IT projects. Using a mixed methods approach consisting of survey and semi-structured&#13;
interviews for collecting evidence in Zimbabwe, a framework for assessing the current state of communalist&#13;
culture is proposed. The study showed that in spite of the inroads of Westernization and Commercialization,&#13;
a culture of sharing prevails although it is affected by sensitivity to cost burden and inroads of individualism</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Information Technology Project Management</text>
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        <name>Cultural Impact</name>
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        <name>Information Technology (IT)</name>
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        <name>IT Project Management</name>
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                <text>DIMENSIONING ACADEMIC STRATEGIES AND PRIORITIES WITH&#13;
E-LEARNING TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF&#13;
THE FREE STATE&#13;
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                <text> GABRIEL KABANDA</text>
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                <text>The purpose of the research was to determine the strategies and priorities as an academic leader for creating a&#13;
world-class academic university in terms of quality and impact of teaching and learning. The University of the Free State&#13;
(UFS) is faced with the problem of relatively low scholarship throughput. The Xerox Excellence Model represents one of&#13;
the early excellence pioneering models, and the EFQM European Excellence Model is a representative of international&#13;
quality award model that informs customer service excellence. The status of the University of Free State (UFS) is&#13;
analysed qualitatively using a research design based on Discourse Analysis, Laclau and Mouffe‟s discourse theory,&#13;
supported by Document Analysis of the Strategic Plan 2012-2016 and the Integrated Report for 2013. UFS is&#13;
benchmarked against other top world-class universities. The recommended strategies hinge on sustaining momentum on&#13;
excellence, broadening access, investing in Leadership Success, enhancing research capacity and learner support, and&#13;
focus on institutional service excellence. Strategies and priorities identified are to be supported by the evolving future&#13;
e-learning trends (MOOCS, micro-learning, OERs, etc.) and technologies (cloud-based learning, gamification, notification&#13;
systems in LMS, SaaS authoring tools, HTML5, Tin can API, etc.). The global university performance of world-class&#13;
universities are assessed across all of their core missions – teaching (the learning environment), research (volume,&#13;
income and reputation), knowledge transfer (citations), industry income (innovation) and international outlook (staff,&#13;
students and research).</text>
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                <text>KNOWLEDGE FRONTIERS FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN ZIMBABWE&#13;
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                <text>Gabriel Kabanda</text>
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                <text>MOBILE MONEY IN ZIMBABWE: INTEGRATING MOBILE&#13;
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INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROCESSES&#13;
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                <text>OWEN KUFANDIRIMBWA &#13;
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                <text>mobile infrastructure, </text>
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                <text>operational integration&#13;
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                <text>The emergence of mobile money in Zimbabwe has proved very popular as organisations across sectors&#13;
try to develop and package the product. This research, carried out through case study and desk&#13;
research, seeks to establish whether and how the organisations involved meet the operational&#13;
integration component of the strategic alignment model. Specifically operational fit between&#13;
organisational and mobile infrastructure and processes through determining mobile money&#13;
infrastructure and processes and the associated organisational infrastructure and processes within a&#13;
mobile money ecosystem. The research established that a number of institutions have tried to redesign&#13;
and repackage the product, but not all were successful. The failure was attributed to improper alignment&#13;
between the available technologies and organisational processes and infrastructure. The research&#13;
further exposes that operationally integrated organisations ensures that alignment components&#13;
involved are adequate and well reinforced through adequate governance structures, however skills&#13;
does not necessarily have to be adequate but must be present.</text>
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                <text>CHALLENGES FACED BY ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN ACCESSING AND USING ICT MATERIALS: A CASE STUDY OF THE MIDLANDS REGIONAL CAMPUS</text>
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                <text>SILVANOS CHIRUME</text>
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                <text>ROSEMARY NGARA</text>
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                <text>In its 2017 Strategic Plan, Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) proposed that every Masters student should prepare and submit assignments online. Every student is also encouraged to access learning materials online and to use the MyVista platform.&#13;
It appeared that the authorities envisioned this idea without having adequate information on the sufficiency, accessibility, and ability to use the ICT materials&#13;
by the students. It also appeared that use of ICT materials by ZOU students was minimal. A study was then carried out to investigate the challenges faced by ZOU students of the Midlands Regional Campus in accessing and using ICT materials for learning, research and producing assignments. Using convenience sampling,&#13;
15students who visited the ICT laboratory during the first semester of 2017 were selected and interviewed. Data were analysed using her meneutical analysis techniques. Findings were that students had challenges in being involved in collaborative learning with other students and lecturers due to limited resources and skills in using ICT materials, getting positive influence from lecturers since&#13;
lecturers did not integrate ICT’s in tutorials and absence of ICT’s at students’ work places in the remote areas of the Midlands province of Zimbabwe. The study recommends that ZOU needs to put in place adequate ICT machines for the students, make them accessible at all times, and train all students and staff in the proper use of the facilities, inter alia. Further studies can also be carried out in other regional campuses of ZOU.</text>
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                <text>International Open and Distance Learning Journal Special Edition</text>
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        <name>accessibility</name>
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        <name>effective use</name>
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        <name>ICT materials</name>
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        <name>MyVista</name>
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        <name>ODL</name>
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                <text>OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR DIGITAL FINANCIAL&#13;
INCLUSION OF FEMALES IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR THROUGH&#13;
MOBILE PHONE TECHNOLOGY: EVIDENCE FROM ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>GLADYS SIWELA</text>
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                <text>TAVONGA NJAYA</text>
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                <text>This desk research confirms that mobile technology has brought transformative power to the&#13;
non–banked and under banked population particularly females working in the informal sector in&#13;
Zimbabwe. While mobile banking has become a major banking option to avert cash shortages,&#13;
the major challenge that still needs to be addressed is that of affordability of mobile phones and&#13;
the high cost of data. Affordability has emerged as a prohibitive factor in financial inclusion&#13;
despite the extreme convenience, reliability and accessibility that mobile phones provide to the&#13;
under banked and non-banked in Zimbabwe. The approach that was used to gather data for this&#13;
paper is on-line explanatory desk research as well as review of relevant literature on mobile&#13;
technology and mobile banking. The data was analysed qualitatively through thematic analysis.&#13;
The study unveiled that opportunities brought by mobile banking to financial inclusion as&#13;
recommended by the United Nations though the Sustainable developmental goals (SDG’s),&#13;
have brought relief to millions of previously excluded and underserved populations the world&#13;
over. Mobile money service providers should also offer ancillary tools such as accounting and&#13;
inventory management, in order to assist females in the informal sector to better manage digital&#13;
payments</text>
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                <text>International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, United Kingdom</text>
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                <text>2021</text>
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        <name>informal sector</name>
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        <name>Mobile banking</name>
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        <name>risk-copingRemove</name>
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                <text>IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES&#13;
(ICTS) ON MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGS):&#13;
CONTEXT FOR DIFFUSION AND ADOPTION OF ICT INNOVATIONS IN&#13;
EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA&#13;
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                <text>GABRIEL KABANDA </text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Information and communication technologies (ICTs) impact all the millennium development goals&#13;
(MDGs), especially in eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. The correlation between ICTs and high&#13;
economic growth has not been well researched in most African countries. The specific objectives of the&#13;
research are: to assess the impact of ICTs on MDGs, to ascertain the ICT impact on economic growth,&#13;
and determine the pattern for diffusion and adoption of ICT innovations in East and Southern Africa,&#13;
and to recommend a development model or a framework for economic growth for these African&#13;
countries. The methodology used was largely qualitative on technology capacity needs assessment&#13;
that covered 6 countries, and also quantitative on gross domestic product (GDP) and Infodensity&#13;
covering 18 countries in East and Southern Africa. GDP and Infodensity data was collected for 18&#13;
African countries to ascertain the link between ICTs diffusion and GDP density per country. The mean&#13;
for the 18 East and Southern African countries with respect to main telephone density is 3.8%, mobile&#13;
subscribers is 27.87%, and internet use is at 4.87%. Capacity needs assessment included both the&#13;
human capital development and social capital aspects in order to achieve sustainable information and&#13;
communication technology capacity development. Human capital development is central to capacity&#13;
needs. There is a strong correlation between ICT diffusion and high economic growth, evidenced by&#13;
high mobile density. The mobile phone has become a good measure of wealth for an average African.&#13;
The solution to poverty and under-development in these African countries is, therefore, knowledge and&#13;
economic empowerment. The recommended sustainable technology development with an African&#13;
model is proposed</text>
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                <text>Journal of African Studies and Development </text>
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        <name>millennium development goals</name>
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        <name>nformation and communication technologies</name>
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        <name>sustainable development</name>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>POTENTIAL OF FARM-PRODUCED CROP RESIDUES AS PROTEIN&#13;
SOURCES FOR SMALL-MEDIUM YIELDING DAIRY COWS&#13;
</text>
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                <text>NOBBERT T. NGONGONI&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>CLETOS MAPIYE&#13;
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                <text>BARTHOLOMEW MUPETA&#13;
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                <text>MICHAEL CHIMONYO</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The nutritive value of fifteen crops and by-products were investigated in terms of the protein and energy&#13;
value for rumen microbial protein synthesis using in-situ and mobile bag techniques. The sunflower&#13;
feedstuffs and the cotton seed cake have low digested carbohydrates, which may limit optimum microbial&#13;
protein synthesis, while forage legumes and cereals have higher digested carbo-hydrates (P&lt; 0.05). Thus,&#13;
one way of improving protein digestibility protein rich crops is to feed them with cereal crops. The cereal&#13;
grains (maize, sorghum and pearl millet) and the forage legumes (groundnut and cowpea tops) showed a&#13;
negative protein balance value, suggesting that nitrogen limited optimum microbial protein synthesis in&#13;
relation to the available carbohydrates (P&lt; 0.05). The nitrogen (N) content of the ram press sunflower cake&#13;
(43 g/kg DM) was within the range of the N content found in the commercial dairy concentrates (32 - 57 g/kg&#13;
DM). However, the N in the sunflower was more degradable in the rumen (92%) than that in the commercial&#13;
dairy concentrate (P &lt; 0.05). It can therefore, be concluded that the ram press sunflower cake is potential&#13;
source of N for small-medium yielding dairy cows</text>
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                <text>African Journal of Agricultural Research</text>
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        <name>Crop residues</name>
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        <name>energy</name>
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        <name>Microbial protein</name>
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                <text>ACCESS AND SUCCESS IN E-LEARNING IN THE ZIMBABWE&#13;
OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
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                <text>CHRISPEN CHIOME</text>
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                <text>The study sought to determine distance education students’ experiences in access to and success in e-&#13;
learning endeavours. The study was qualitative as the questionnaire used as a data-gathering&#13;
instrument had both closed and open-ended sections that yielded qualitative data. The research&#13;
employed the descriptive survey design. In this study, a sample of 158 distance education students&#13;
from all faculties in the Zimbabwe Open University’s Masvingo Regional Campus was extracted using&#13;
the convenience sampling method. The study found out that while the majority of distance education&#13;
students use computer related gargets such as cell phones, television remote control the majority of&#13;
them did not have access to the computers and thus to e-learning access and success is affected.&#13;
Success factors such as collaborative learning and quality e-content were heavily deflowered, marred&#13;
and spoilt as the majority of them did not have e-mail addresses, had no skills in e-learning and hence&#13;
could not communicate with other students and tutors on the internet. The students nevertheless were&#13;
excited about e-learning facilities provided by the university. The study, among others, recommended&#13;
that wide access to e-learning facilities by distance education students, extensive skills upgrading&#13;
workshops targeting all students, e-learning support centre and e-learning course must be put in place&#13;
to enable Zimbabwe Open University students to benefit from e-learning</text>
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                <text>Online Journal of African Affairs</text>
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                <text>E-INFRASTRUCTURE ACCEPTANCE IN E-HEALTH, E-&#13;
LEARNING AND E-AGRICULTURE IN ZIMBABWE:&#13;
THE QUEST FOR THE USER ACCEPTANCE VARIABLE&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>CHRISPEN CHIOME</text>
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                <text>One of the best ways to achieve global literacy is through communication, collaborative learning,&#13;
research, and problem solving. Technology helps tremendously in these areas, so it is a great tool&#13;
to use in this process. As e-infrastructures gain ground in many African countries and at the same&#13;
time promises a new way of delivering health, education and agriculture. New technologies&#13;
should be readily acceptable in order to deliver these essential services to the populace.&#13;
However, against a background of previous studies pointing to e-learning as a monster under the&#13;
bed (Chiome, Kurasha and Mupa, 2011) and after 98% of the students failed to voluntarily&#13;
register for an e-learning blended programme, this research set out to find the factors affecting&#13;
user acceptance of e- infrastructures in health, agriculture and education. This was a survey of&#13;
institutions engaged in e-agriculture, e-health and e-learning in Zimbabwe. A purposive sample&#13;
of 65students who were exposed to e-infrastructures was interviewed in order to determine the&#13;
user acceptance variable applicable in Zimbabwe. The study found out that e-infrastructure users&#13;
made rational choices faced with alternatives, belief in the usefulness or lack of it of the system,&#13;
too much effort put into using technology, content richness, e-infrastructure usefulness and&#13;
update regularity of the e-infrastructure are some of the absolutely vital technology acceptance&#13;
variables. The research argues that the ability to navigate the complex life and work&#13;
environments in the globally competitive information age requires e-infrastructure developers to&#13;
pay rigorous attention to technology acceptance to engage e-infrastructure users other than the&#13;
“early adopters” with the opportunities in e-infrastructures.</text>
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                <text> Proceedings and reports of the 6th UbuntuNet Alliance annual conference</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>ROLE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT OF SMALL TO MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES): A CASE STUDY OF CHIKWANHA BUSINESS CENTRE IN CHITUNGWIZA, ZIMBABWE</text>
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                <text>RUGARE CHITIGA&#13;
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The Zimbabwean economy declined in the past decades. Many industries&#13;
closed leading to mushrooming of the informal sector. Chikwanha has developed into a&#13;
hub of many SMEs involved in different activities. No study has been carried out to&#13;
ascertain how ICT has influenced the stock or inventory management of SMEs&#13;
activities at Chikwanha. This research study was aimed at determining the extent of&#13;
ICT influence in stock management. A qualitative approach was used. Interviews and&#13;
questionnaires were used in data generation. The findings showed that Internet was not&#13;
used despite the availability of iPads and smart phones in the market. The benefits of&#13;
Internet usage in trade and inventory management were not experienced. Limited&#13;
benefits such as accuracy, processing speed, theft and stock shortages reduction were&#13;
realized through the use of computers. However a number of challenges were faced.&#13;
The major challenge was that of lack and unreliability of electricity supply that affected&#13;
usage of computers. Lack of computer skills also hampered usage of computerized&#13;
inventory systems. It was recommended that the SMEs be staff-developed in the use of&#13;
computers. The use of iPads and smart phones should be encouraged</text>
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        <name>ICT</name>
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        <name>informal sector</name>
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        <name>inventory management</name>
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        <name>SMEs</name>
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                <text>STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING OF UBIQUITOUS LEARNING AT ZIMBABWEAN SCHOOLS&#13;
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                <text>GABRIEL KABANDA </text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The study tested the application of structural&#13;
equation modelling (SEM) to ubiquitous learning of selected&#13;
Zimbabwean schools. The purpose of this study was to explore&#13;
the effect of diffusion factors toward ubiquitous learning in&#13;
Zimbabwe. The main hypothesis being tested was: “ ICT&#13;
facilities have a positive effect on the diffusion and adoption of&#13;
ubiquitous learning in Zimbabwean schools”. Three models&#13;
fundamental to SEM are confirmatory analysis, causal modes&#13;
and measurement models. A good model is parsimonious,&#13;
theoretically justifiable and reproduces the underlying&#13;
correlation matrix based on the constraints imposed. The&#13;
methodology used is quantitative where the research design is&#13;
a survey method. The SEM is a comprehensive&#13;
methodological approach that allows the analysis of the&#13;
relationships between observed variables and unobserved/&#13;
latent factors. A questionnaire and a scale were administered&#13;
to heads of computer studies to 15 selected Zimbabwean&#13;
schools in May 2012.&#13;
The successful Presidential E-learning programme is the&#13;
national beacon, vision and national policy direction that&#13;
should be pursued by all schools, colleges and universities in&#13;
Zimbabwe. All the schools surveyed were aware of the&#13;
Presidential e-learning programme. However, the adoption&#13;
and diffusion of the national e-learning programme exhibited&#13;
disintegrated efforts in implementation of computerization&#13;
projects, marginally high digital divide, cyber-bullying among&#13;
school pupils, inadequate cyber-security technical measures, a&#13;
huge appetite for computer training, computer literacy rate&#13;
for teachers ranging from 5% to 80% in some of the schools,&#13;
little evidence of integration of e-learning into the school&#13;
curricula, and shocking levels of inadequate networked&#13;
computing facilities</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1327">
                <text>International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2013</text>
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        <name>e-learning</name>
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        <name>ICTs</name>
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      <tag tagId="630">
        <name>information systems</name>
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      <tag tagId="632">
        <name>m-learning</name>
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      <tag tagId="629">
        <name>SEM</name>
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      <tag tagId="628">
        <name>Structural Equation Modelling</name>
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        <name>ubiquitous learning</name>
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                <text>THE IMPACT OF ICTs ON MDGs: CONTEXT FOR DIFFUSION AND ADOPTION OF ICT INNOVATIONS IN EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA</text>
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                <text>PROF. GABRIEL KABANDA</text>
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                <text>he major problem of underdevelopment in Africa characterized by the huge challenge&#13;
to achieve the millennium development goals (MDGs) is on knowledge empowerment&#13;
supported by information and communication technologies (ICTs). Information has&#13;
become a strategic resource, a commodity and foundation of every activity. The&#13;
emergence and convergence of information and communication technologies (ICTs)&#13;
has remained at the centre of global socio-economic transformations. If implemented&#13;
properly and carefully, these technologies could reduce or eliminate the imbalance&#13;
between rich and poor, and the powerful and marginalized.</text>
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        <name>diffusion and adoption</name>
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        <name>Information Technology (IT)</name>
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        <name>innovation</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>THE IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION&#13;
TECHNOLOGIES (ICTS) IN ZIMBABWE: A CASE STUDY OF SOCIAL MEDIA&#13;
IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY SECTOR.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>ANOS MACHINJIKE &#13;
 </text>
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                <text>FARAI CHOGA</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The Postal and Telecommunications Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ) statistics point to&#13;
the rise in the use of social media in Zimbabwe. The United Nations World Tourism&#13;
Organisation(UNWTO) also allude to the important role played by the tourism industry in the&#13;
economic development and growth around the world. This study sought to find a nexus&#13;
between the exponential rise in usage of social media and its impact on the tourism and&#13;
hospitality in Zimbabwe which ultimately could contribute to the economic growth of the&#13;
country. The research set out to focus on establishing from tourists, the influence of social&#13;
media in the choice of tourist destinations as well as to determine the role of social media as a&#13;
marketing tool from players in the tourism and hospitality sector. Other objectives were to&#13;
identify popular social media platforms as well as the benefits and challenges arising out of&#13;
the use of social media in the industry. The qualitative research methodology was used for the&#13;
study where face to face and telephonic interviews as well as in-depth emailed questionnaires&#13;
were used to as data collection instruments using a purposive sampling method. The findings&#13;
of the study show that social media plays a significant role in influencing people’s decisions&#13;
on choice of tourist destinations and is also an important, cost effective, efficient and&#13;
convenient marketing tool. Popularity of social media is also driven by its affordability and&#13;
interactive nature. Findings also point out some challenges arising out of use of social media.&#13;
The study concluded that social media plays a significant role in the tourism and hospitality&#13;
sector. The study therefore recommended the adoption of social media for the purposes of&#13;
creating positive perceptions on destinations to improve the pull power of destinations. The&#13;
study also recommended the need to uplift the profile of social media in organisations&#13;
through employment of appropriate staff to advance digital marketing on social media&#13;
platforms. Another recommendation was to call for the enactment of policies to penalise&#13;
detractors and culprits who peddle falsehoods and fake news on social media for ulterior&#13;
motives</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="1472">
                <text>International Journal of Research in Management</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2020</text>
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        <name>information and communication technologies (ICTs)</name>
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        <name>social media</name>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>THE ROLE OF TURNITIN POLICY IN ACADEMIC&#13;
WRITING: A CASE OF ZIMBABWE OPEN UNIVERSITY&#13;
&#13;
</text>
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                <text>JUDITH TAFANGOMBE</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Academics strive to produce quality academic writing. There is need to ensure that issues of&#13;
plagiarism are addressed to promote quality academic writing. Plagiarism means using some&#13;
one’s ideas without even acknowledging the source (en.writecheck.com/resources). In academic&#13;
writing plagiarism is a serious offence. It results in one loosing academic or professional&#13;
standing or failing assignments or courses (http:// www.examiner.com/ adult –education-in-&#13;
pittsburg/plagiarism-higher education. It is therefore imperative that academics make use of anti-&#13;
plagiarism software such as turnitin as it would assist them to avoid plagiarism. The study sought&#13;
to findout the role of turnitin in academic writing. A qualitative approach was adopted and a case&#13;
study design was employed. The case study allowed the researcher to focus on a particular&#13;
instance to get an in-depth understanding of the situation (Creswell, 2009).A purposive sampling&#13;
of 5 lecturers and 5 students was drawn. The lecturers revealed that they have been trained to use&#13;
the anti-plagiarism but were yearning for a clear policy since it would determine universal&#13;
acceptable percentage. The students on the other hand revealed that they have not been trained to&#13;
use it and would appreciate such training to promote production of quality assignments. It is&#13;
recommended that there be a turnitin policy used in faculties to promote quality academic&#13;
writing. Students on the other hand should be trained to use turn it in soft-ware in order to&#13;
produce quality assignments. Thus generally both students and lecturers should be encouraged to&#13;
use the anti-plagiarism software in all their academic writing</text>
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conditions and good fertile soil for cereal production in this region.&#13;
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low due to lack of new technologies, lack of quality seed, lack of funding for this sector by&#13;
government and gross under utilization of natural resources as most of the work is done&#13;
manually hence low grain production.&#13;
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                <text>The study explored the role of Artificial intelligence on the stability, efficiency, depth, and access&#13;
of derivative markets during the period 2009 to 2021. The study used mixed method research.&#13;
Cross sectional data of 60 countries from North America, Latin America and the Caribbean,&#13;
Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Sahara Africa, South&#13;
and Central Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific. Simple random sampling was used to select the 60&#13;
countries according to their Government Artificial Intelligence Index. Logistic regression was&#13;
applied on the cross-section data to determine the effect of Artificial Intelligence on derivative&#13;
markets in terms of financial efficiency, financial depth, financial access, and financial stability.&#13;
The proven role of Artificial Intelligence on derivative markets is to enhance financial inclusion&#13;
and financial stability through the provision of derivative trading platforms. The results of the&#13;
study showed that the use of Artificial intelligence on derivative markets is significantly and&#13;
positively related to financial access as measured by the percentage of digital payments. Further,&#13;
the test revealed that the use of Artificial Intelligence on derivative markets is significantly and&#13;
negatively related to financial stability as measured by stock price volatility. The study showed&#13;
that there was no effect on financial depth and efficiency arising from the use of Artificial Intel-&#13;
ligence on derivative markets. The study recommended that governments should put in place&#13;
adequate financial infrastructure as well as vibrant regulations prior to the use of Artificial&#13;
Intelligence on the derivative markets to avoid systemic risk build ups.</text>
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                <text>HARNESSING MACHINE LEARNING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR EAR-&#13;
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                <text>The study explores the transformative power of utilizing machine learning and artificial intelligence&#13;
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were collected through document reviews and in-depth interviews with bank internal auditors&#13;
and senior management. The study addressed three key research questions, namely, examining&#13;
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fraud detection; understanding internal auditors’ perceptions on the effectiveness of machine&#13;
learning and artificial intelligence-based fraud detection systems; and identifying major challenges&#13;
faced by internal auditors during implementation of artificial intelligence fraud detection systems.&#13;
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face to face and online. Findings from the study demonstrated strong consensus among internal&#13;
auditors on the potential power of machine learning and artificial intelligence in detecting fraud at&#13;
an early stage. In addition, the study revealed the potential benefits of utilizing machine learning&#13;
algorithms and artificial intelligence which includes enhanced speed in identifying anomalies,&#13;
improved accuracy, and the ability to detect fraud early, thereby enabling management to come&#13;
up with internal control mechanisms which can prevent fraud. Successful implementation of&#13;
machine learning and artificial intelligence-powered fraud detection systems require adequate&#13;
training and support from the organization’s leadership, and ethical considerations.</text>
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                <text>EFFECTS OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON UNIVERSITY LECTURERS’&#13;
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                <text>Communication technology is advancing on a daily basis bringing efficiency and flexibility in&#13;
the workplace. However, literature on its effect on work life balance among lecturers is blurred.&#13;
Overuse of mobile communication devices for work-related tasks outside designated hours can&#13;
disrupt the equilibrium between professional and personal lives. This study investigates the&#13;
effects of mobile communication technology on work-life balance among university lecturers&#13;
in Zimbabwe. Employing a qualitative research paradigm and an interpretive philosophy, the&#13;
study facilitates an in-depth exploration of lecturers’ perceptions regarding the effects of&#13;
mobile communication on their work-life balance. A hybrid methodology combining case&#13;
study and phenomenological designs was utilised, involving 21 lecturers selected from various&#13;
departments across the selected state university through criterion purposive sampling. The&#13;
findings revealled significant insights into this pressing issue. It was revealed that the effects&#13;
of mobile communication technology on the work-life balance of lecturers are multifaceted,&#13;
with both positive and negative effects found depending on how its use is regulated. When&#13;
utilised randomly without guiding institutional policies and practices, it is more likely to impact&#13;
negatively on the work-life balance of lecturers. This study recommended a careful and&#13;
judicious use of mobile communication technologies within faculties and departments to&#13;
facilitate work while preserving work-life equilibrium. The establishment of a policy&#13;
framework and communication of such a policy, which guide mobile communication in the&#13;
workplace, was recommended</text>
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                <text>EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND THE AGRARIAN SECTOR IN ZIMBABWE: PROSPECTS&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>Information Communication Technology (ICT) has been a significant contributor to the growth&#13;
and socio-economic development in countries and sectors where they are well deployed.&#13;
Innovative ICT’s range from computers, radio, television and mobile phones to advanced&#13;
technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, Internet of Things&#13;
and big data analytics are among the current trends. The study adopted extant qualitative&#13;
paradigm to generate information. Research findings indicates that, Zimbabwe is prone to&#13;
shocks that affect agricultural and livestock production, including extreme weather events,&#13;
inflation, and external geopolitical conflicts. However, there are opportunities for boosting&#13;
agricultural productivity in the agriculture sector in Zimbabwe making use of ICT tools and&#13;
agriculture is expected to be a trillion-dollar industry by 2030 if these tools are fully embraced.&#13;
Despite milestones achieved of ICTs adoption in the agricultural sector in Zimbabwe such as&#13;
microfinance and mobile banking, mobile phones and radio, there exist a gap between small&#13;
holder farmers, communal farmers and commercial farmers. Commercial farmers are fast&#13;
adopting emerging technologies whilst small holder farmers and communal farmers are faced&#13;
with challenges which include lack of security of land to access loans, high cost of data and&#13;
low capacity, among other challenges. To promote innovation and growth of digital agriculture&#13;
solutions, the government of Zimbabwe could consider enacting tax incentives for companies&#13;
and organisations developing services that drive rural adoption, especially among farmers and&#13;
other agricultural value chain actors</text>
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                <text>CYBER-SECURITY GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK AND ITS EFFECTS ON ZIMBABWE&#13;
LOCAL AUTHORITIES: A REVIEW PAPER&#13;
1&#13;
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                <text>The purpose of this review paper was to analyse literature related to cyber-security governance&#13;
frameworks effects in Zimbabwe local authorities. Cyber-security governance is a developing&#13;
subject with an expanding literature. It is founded in information technology governance but is&#13;
also increasing its recognition in business management. However, there is dearth of literature&#13;
on the effectiveness of cyber-security governance framework in Zimbabwe local authorities.&#13;
The authors reviewed journal papers, conference papers, theses and books from various&#13;
databases namely Google Scholar and ProQuest. The study showed that cyber-security&#13;
governance enables the formulation of a cyber-security governance framework which has a&#13;
great impact on the performance of local authorities in Zimbabwe. In addition, a cyber-security&#13;
governance framework improves organisation’s decision making, risk governance and&#13;
compliance. Conversely, a cyber-security governance framework is inflexible and overly&#13;
systematic. The paper also contributed to the body of knowledge in the fields of cyber-security&#13;
governance as well as other related studies thereby supporting literature brought forward by&#13;
other researchers</text>
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